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! UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. J 



HUNT'S 'GAZETTEER 

OF THE 

BORDER MID SOUTHERN STATES: 



COKTAIS1KG 



FULL DESCRIPTION OF TEE RAILROAD ROUTES, TURNPIO 
ROADS, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, MOUNTAINS, 
VALLEYS, RIVERS, SPRINGS, ko. 



6H0WING DISTANCES, POPULATIONS, TOPOGRAFHXCAI. 

SITUATIONS, kc 

A HAND BOOK 



RELIABLE GUIDE FOR THE SOLDIERS. 
Wit\ a im 5fetl-ptt 

BY K. H. LONG, 

WIB Or TEE V. 8. 1RMT. 
G 



PITTSBURaH, PA.: 
John P. Hunt. 

SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS, NEWSDEALSttS 
AND SUTLERS. 



v-z 07 



Entered according to Act of Congress, A. I). 1868, bj 3y 
JOHN P. HUNT, 

in ths Clerk's Office of the Weitsrn DUtrict of 
Pennsylr&nia. 



INDEX, 



RAILROADS. 

PAGB. 

Atlantic & North Carolina Railroad, 177 

Alexandria, Loudon & Hampshire Railway, 187 

Branchville & Columbia Railroad, S. C 156 

Charleston & Savannah Railroad, 66 

Covington & Danville & Lexington Railroad, 114 

Cheraw & Darlington Railroad, S. C 165 

Charlotte & South Carolina Railroad, 175 

Columbus & Xenia Railroad, 236 

Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad, 237 

Cincinnati & Chicago Air Line, 248 

Dayton & Michigan Railroad, 252 

East Tennessee & Georgia Railroad, 122 

East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad, , 128 

Georgia to Savannah, 57 

Georgia Central Railroad, 71. 

Greenville & Columbia Railroad, S. C 166 

Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, „ 193 

Illinois Central Railroad, Cairo and Odin,,, 240 

Indianapolis & Cincinnati R. R., S. W. & N. W., 246 

Jeffersonville & Indianapolis Railroad, , 243 

Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 97 

Louisville & Frankfort Railroad, 117 

Memphis & Charleston, via Chattanooga, 14 

Mississippi Central & Tennessee Railroad, 20 

Macon & Western Railroad, 68 

Montgomery & West Point Railroad, Ala 81 

Mobile & Montgomery Railroad, 90 

Mobile & Ohio Railroad, 91 

Manassa Railroad, Va 188 

New Orleans, Jackson & Mississippi Railroad, ...7, 12 

Nashville & Chattanoogo Railroad, 101 

Nashville & Decatur Railroad, Ill 

North Eastern Railroad, S. C 164 

North Carolina Railroad, 178 

North Missouri Railroad, 193 

North Central R. R. from Bait, to Harrisburg, 219, 254 



PAGE. 

Orange & Alexandria Railroad, Va 143 

Ohio & Mississippi R. R. St. Louis & Cairo to Cm. 239 

Pensacola & Montgomery Railroad, 88 

Petersburgh & Lynchburgh Railroad, Va 136 

Petersburgh & Weldon Railroad, 160 

Pacific Railroad,; 197 

Pennsylvania Central Railroad, 209 

Pittsburgh & Steubenville R. R. via Columbus,... 232 

Richmond & Danville, Railroad, 138 

Richmond, Frederick & Potomac Railroad, 139 

Richmond & Petersburgh Railroad, 161 

Raleigh & Gaston Railroad, N. C 183 

South Carolina Railroad, 61 

Seaboard & Roanoke Railroad, N. C 162 

Spartaburg & Union Railroad, S. C 168 

St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad, 195 

Southwest Branch Pacific Railroad, 199 

Vicksburg, via Jackson and Montgomery, 77 

Virginia Central Railroad, 142 

Virginia Central Railroad, 185 

Western & Atlantic Railroad, Geo 51 

West Point k Atlantic Railroad,.. 83 

Wilmington & Manchester R. R., N. C. &. S. C... 153 

Wilmington & Weldon Railroad, N. C 157 

Wilmington, Charlotte & Rutherford Railroad 163 

Western North Carolina Railroad, 181 

Western Railroad, 184 

RIVERS. 
Red River, Washita River, Arkansas River, 

White River, 201, 202 

Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, 204 

TURNPIKES 

( Seo Map for Instances in Figures.) 

In South Carolina, Alabama and Georgia, 75, 85 

Georgia, N. Carolina and Va. Turnpikes, 169, 170, 172 
Arkansas, Little Rock and St. Louis Turnpikes, 206 
Richmond and Hampton Turnpike, 174 



INDEX. 5 

ADVERTISEMENTS, 

PAGE. 

Fowler & Wells, 6 

John H.Green, 58 

Walker & McKernan, 50 

Merrill & Co 62 

Green & Green, 67 

E. Mendenhall, 70 

J. M. Hopkins, -.. 74 

John P. Hunt, -. ...,76,118, 154 

Adams Express Company, 84 

W. Scott Glore, 96 

E. H. Singleton, 102 

Ohio State Agent, 266 

Spoule & Mandeville, 265 

Hospitals, .., 258 

M. Leopold & Co ,. 265 

Pensions and Bounties, 261, 263 

Thos. C. McDowell and Thos. A. Maguire, 267 

Eugene Snyder, Claim Agent, 268 

Benj. F. Blood, 269 

Charles Desilver, 269, 270 

Strategic Points in the South. 

Atlanta, Geo 57 j Montgomery, 81 

Augusta, Geo 61 i Mobile, 91 

Bristol, 127 | Memphis, 14 

Chattanooga, 51 New Orleans, 7 

Charleston, 65 | Nashville, 101 

Fredericksburg, 141 ; Pensacola, 88 

Gordonsville, 143 Richmond, ..,« 139 

Jackson, 20 Rapidan, 144 

Jonesboro', 126 Raleigh, 179 

Kingston and Rome,... 55 j Stevenson, Ala 45 

Knoxville, 123 j Savannah, 73 

Louisville, 97 St. Louis, 190 



Lynchburgh, 135 

Little Rock, 206 

Macon, 71 



Vicksburgh, 77 

Washington, 148 

Wilmington, N. C 155 



6 hunt's gazetebr. 

OUR NEW PROSPECTUS 

"THE 

HUMAN FACE 

DIVINE:" 



Or, New Physiog- 
nomy, Eyes,Ears 
Nose, Lips and 
Mouth, Head, 
Hair, Eyebrows, 
Hands and Feet, 
Skin & Complex- 
ion, with all the 
" Signs of Char- 
acter,"and "How 
to Read Them," 
given in • 

The Phrenological Journal and Life Illustrated, 

S. R. WELLS, EDITOR, 

Devoted to the Science of Man, including Ethno- 
logy, Phrenology, Physiology, Physiognomy, 
Psychology, &c. &c. 

In their application to the various interests of the 
Human Race, showing how to cultivate, develop and 
improve the Body and Mind, and how to take care of 
them; signs of Character, and how to read them; 
Man's Spiritual Nature, and his relations, not only to 
this life, but to the life to come. 

Published monthly, in a beautiful quarto form, at 
$1.50 a year, in advance. Single copies, 15 cents. 
Address 

FOWLER 6c WELLS, 

308 BROADWAY, N. Y. 




NEW ORLEANS, JACKSON & GREAT 
NORTHERN RAILROAD, 



On this railroad the first station you arrive at is — 

KENNER, (New Orleans 10 miles— Jackson 173 
miles,) an old locality, upon a level tract of cultivated 
land. The line of crib-work near this place is five 
miles long, and which it is ultimately intended to 
supply with embankment, the material for which 
exists abundantly further up the road. 

BAYOU LA BRANCHE, (flag station,) named 
after the little stream at hand. 

FRENNIER, (New Orleans 23 miles — Jackson, 
160 miles,) a few vegetable gardens here vary the 
monotonous swamp scenery, and the palmetto be- 
comes more frequent. Lake Pontchartrain is seen 
in the distance, and with which the road lies paral- 
lel for a few miles. 

BAYOU DE SAIRE.— Flag station. 

MANCHAC, (New Orleans 37 miles — Jackson 
146 miles,) is a depot upon a body of water three 
miles long, termed the North Pass, connecting Lake 
Maurepas on the west with Lake Pontchartrain on 
the east. The draw-bridge is seldom opened — navi- 
gation being of little importance. Lake Pontchar- 



8 HUNT'S GAZETEER OE THE 

train is also accessible from New Orleans through, a 
canal, by which small vessels enter port. These 
lake waters affording a landing within fire miles of 
the city, General Packenham perceived the advan- 
tage in 1812, bnt " Old Hickory" outwitted him by 
closing up these approaches. 

PONTCHATOULA, (New Orleans 47 miles- 
Jackson 136 miles,) is situated on high pine land. 
Here commences a growth of pine timber which con- 
tinues along the line of the road for over one hun- 
dred and twenty miles, perfuming the atmosphere, 
and conducing to the health for which this region is 
noted. 

HAMMOND'S.— Flag station. 

TICKFAW, (New Orleans 58 miles— Jackson 125 
miles,) named after Tickfaw river, is approached 
upon a very long tangent. This settlement, like 
many others succeeding, is in the pine woods, and 
noted for its excellent health, and almost perfect ex- 
emption from disease. 

INDEPENDENCE.— Flag station. 

AMITE, (New Orleans 68 miles— Jackson 115 
miles,) derives its name from the county and a river 
of same name, and is designed as a residence city 
for those who retreat from New Orleans during the 
sultry months. Its reputation as a healthy and 
pleasant location may ensure its success. It now 
contains one handsome and commodious hotel, five 
stores and a steam lumber mill. Kelly's Female 
Academy is within a half mile of town. 

PROSPECT HILL.— Flag station. 

TANGIPIHOA, (New Orleans 78 miles— Jack- 
son 105 miles.) called after a small river dividing 
Tamany and Livingston parishes, and which empties 
into Lake Pontchartrain. The place contains three 
large dry goods stores, and a " New Orleans and 
Jackson Railroad Hotel." 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 9 

ASHLAND.— Flag station. 

OSYKA, (New Orleans 88 miles— Jackson 95 
miles,) is situated in Pike Comity, Mississippi, and 
almost on the boundary line dividing Louisiana and 
the former State. Its name perpetuates that of a 
famous Choctaw Indian ; the place contains about 
300 inhabitants. A stratum of gravel is here per- 
ceptible, under a red top-soil ; and also a change in 
the growth of timber. 

CHATAWA.— Flag station. 

MAGNOLIA, (New Orleans 98 miles— Jackson 
85 miles,) named after the splendid evergreen pecu- 
liar to the Southern clime, a species of which grows 
spontaneously in the vicinity. It is in Pike County, 
Mississippi, and occupies perhaps the most eligible 
site of all the new towns along the road. The place 
contains one hotel, a few stores, some pleasant look- 
ing homes, and a population of 200. It is yet amid 
the " forest primeval," which here consists princi- 
pally of oak. 

QUINN'S.— Flag station. 

SUMMIT (New Orleans 108 miles— Jackson 75 
miles) is a point in Pike County, elevated 475 feet 
above tide. It is " a city set on a hill," between the 
rivers Bogue Chitto, on the east, and Tangipihoa on 
the west. It appears to be a prosperous station, and 
already contains two hotels, twelve stores of various 
kinde, and about 600 inhabitants. Conspicuous 
among the residences is that of General Garland. 

BOGUE CHITTO (New Orleans 118 miles- 
Jackson 65 miles) derives its title from a neighboring 
stream, which flows nearly through the middle of 
the county. The name being translated is said to 
mean " Big Creek," or " Good Waters." The sta- 
tion is in the midst of a forest of oak, hickory, &c, 
and in Pike County, the shiretown of which is 
Holmes ville. 



10 HUNT'S GA2ETEER OF THE 

BROOKHAVEBT, (New Orleans 128 miles- 
Jackson 55 miles,) situated in Lawrence County, was 
designed as the depot-outlet for Brookliaven, an old 
post village, 1 1 miles distant ; but (as in other simi- 
lar instances) " the child has become father to the 
man." This locality is said to be 485 feet above tide, 
and the kighest point on the road. Its population is 
400. Trains take meals at the Bowen House. There 
are over a dozen stores, and one other hotel. Be- 
yond the surrounding pine woods cotton and corn 
are produced, and the place is remarkably healthy. 

BAHALA (New Orleans 138 miles— Jackson 45 
miles) obtains its title from Bahala creek, which en- 
ters Pearl river in Lawrence County. This station 
is located in Copiah County, 10 miles from Gallatin, 
its capital. It is about 50 miles from Bahala, west- 
ward to the Mississippi river. The place contains 
two stores, church, school, and " Mrs. Miller's House," 
which is somewhat inviting. 

HAZLEHTJRST (New Orleans 148 miles— Jack- 
son 35 miles) is a station named in compliment to 
George H. Hazlehurst, Esq., the efficient Chief-En- 
gineer of the road. It is in the County of Copiah, 
(an Indian word, signifying "screech owl") and al- 
though not yet " out of the woods," the tenements 
now building give promise of a future village. 

CRYSTAL SPRINGS, (New Orleans 158 miles 
— Jackson 25 miles,) located on the east side of tho 
road, is in Copiah County. One large store and a 
few tenements comprise the place. " The murmur- 
ing pines and the hemlocks," through which the 
road traverses, (with but little variation of a differ- 
ent growth,) for over 100 miles, here give place to 
timber of various other descriptions, while the mixed 
soil changes to red earth and occasional quicksands. 

TERREY (New Orleans 167 miles— Jackson 16 
miles) is in Hinds County, Mississippi — a famous dis- 
trict, named in honor of Colonel Thomas Hinds. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 11 

Tliere are but three large buildings, of a commercial 
character. A daily stage connects this point with 
Raymond, the county seat, 18 miles westward. The 
surrounding country ships from this depot 10,000 
bales annually, and the census of 1850 exhibits the 
interesting fact that "Hinds" produced a greater 
quantity of beans and peas than any other county in 
the Union. 

BYRAM, (New Orleans 74 miles — Jackson 9 
miles,) a depot for the vicinity, is located near Pearl 
river, (which derives its name from the quality of the 
sand composing its shores, and a stream also said to 
be more tortuous than any other of its length in the 
world,) which forms the eastern boundary of Hinds 
County. Most of the surrounding country is under 
cultivation, producing cotton and corn as its staples. 
Above Byram is found a bed of light-colored rocks, 
in one of the cuts — a curiosity in this region. 

JACKSON, (New Orleans 183 miles— Grand 
Junction, 212 miles,) named after the immortal hero, 
is situated in Hinds County, and is the capital of the 
State of Mississippi. It occupies a handsome site on 
the right bank of Pearl river, in a region originally 
inhabited by the Choctaw nation. It is considered 
healthy, and has a population of 4,500. The produc- 
tions of the vicinity are vegetables and fruit, to- 
gether with the two staples, corn and cotton, of 
which latter over 3,000 bales are forwarded annually. 



12 hunt's gazeteer of the 

NEW ORLEANS AND JACKSON AND 
MISSISSIPPI -RAILROAD. 



TUGALOO, (New Orleans 190 miles — Grand 
Junction 205 miles,) a flag- station on the N. O. & J. 
& Miss. R. R. 

CALHOUN, (New Orleans 199 miles — Grand 
Junction 196 miles,) a post village on the N. O. & J. 
& Miss. R. R. 

•CANTON, (New Orleans 206 miles— Grand Junc- 
tion 189 miles,) a beautiful post village, capital of 
Madison County, Miss., on the N. O. & J. & Miss. 
R. R. 

VATJGHAN'S, (New Orleans 220 miles— Grand 
Junction 175 miles,) a flag station on the N. O. & J. 
& Miss. R. R, 

GOODMAN, (New Orleans 234 miles— Grand 
Junction 161 miles,) a post village on the N. O. & J. 
& Miss. R. R. 

WEST'S, (New Orleans 250 miles— Grand Junc- 
tion 145 miles,) a post village, capital of Simpson 
County, Miss., on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. 

WINONA, (New Orleans 270 miles— Grand Junc- 
tion 125,) a flag station on the N. O. & J. & Miss. 
R.R. 

GRENADA, (New Orleans 293 miles— Grand 
Junction 102,) a thriving post village of Tallobusha 
County, Miss., on the Tallobusha river, 113 miles N. 
E. from Jackson, on N. O. & J. Miss. R. R. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. lj 

COFFEEVILLE, (New Orleans 310 miles- 
Grand Junction 85 miles,) a thriving post village, 
capital of Tallobusha County, Miss., 130 miles N. E. 
from Jackson ; lias two newspaper offices ; popula- 
tion about 850, on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. E. 

WATER VALLEY, (New Orleans 323 miles 
— Grand Junction 72 miles,) a post village on the 
N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. 

OXFORD, (New Orleans 341 miles— Grand Junc- 
tion 54,) a pleasant and thriving post village ; capi- 
tal of Lafayette County, Miss. ; 180 miles north of 
Jackson, and is one of the most healthful places in 
the State, on the N. O. & J. & Miss. R. R. 

ABBEVILLE, (New Orleans 351 miles— Grand 
Junction 44,) a flag station on the N. O. & J. & Miss, 
R. R. 

HOLLY SPRINGS (25 miles from Junction— 
167 miles from Jackson) is the eapital of Marshal 
County, Miss., which is reputed to be proportionately 
the largest cotton-producing district in the world. 
The town was founded in 1836, and now contains 
2,500 inhabitants. Its name is derived from an in- 
teresting legend detailed by the Chickasaws : Coila, 
the lovely daughter of Sheka, dwelt here, with her 
noble father, beneath a beautiful grove, and amidst 
which gushed forth two limpid springs, surrounded 
by over-bending liolly. Beautiful as the stars she 
worshipped, she was in turn idolized by the young 
warriors of her tribe, and her laughing maidenhood 
glided by placid as a summer dream. Sikola, the 
eagle, and Coahoma, the red fox, were two braves 
who wooed the tawny maiden ; but the former, 
proving successful in his love, wedded Coila. Jeal- 
ousy filled the soul of Coahoma, and aroused his 
vengeance. Finally, when Sikola reposed in the 
arms of his lovely spouse, at the deep midnight 
hour, Coahoma, with a party of fiendish associates, 
entered the marriage wigwam, and slew Sikola, 



14 hunt's gazeteer of the 

whilst the winged arrow of another also carried un- 
timely death to the startled Coila. Earth lost its 
guardian angel, and wept a fountain of tears. These 
fountains still flow, and the sparkle of their dancing 
waters perpetuate the legend of the bright-eyed 
Coila, and christen the spot " Holly Springs." 

The town is remarkable for its beauty and health- 
ful location — being situated upon an elevated and 
extended range of table lands. " Cutler's Well" is 
near the public square, and its waters possess great 
medicinal properties. 

Fifteen thousand bales of cotton were sold here in 
1856. There are about forty mercantile establish- 
ments, and which also supply the adjacent country 
trade. The citizens are known for intelligence and 
hospitality, and thus evidence the effect of, and en- 
joy the beneficial results which naturally accrue to 
the fostering of education. 



MEMPHIS AND CHARLESTON RAIL- 
ROAD, 



The City of Memphis— One of the brightest jewels upon the brow 
of tho Father of Waters — Her enterprise, her intelligence, and 
her hospitality are imbued with the grandeur and magnificence 
of the scenery by which she is surrounded. May she over flour- 
ish, a focus of beauty, wealth, and refinement; and may her 
future greatness, even still moro than her present prosperity, 
verify the prediction: " Westward the course of empire takes its 
way." — Toast, ,l Eailroad Jubilee.'" 

MEMPHIS, (Vicksburg 348 miles — Stevenson 
271 miles,) the Western terminus of the Memphis 
and Charleston Railroad, is handsomely situated on 



BORDER AlSTD SOUTHERN STATES. 15 

the Fourth Chickasaw Bluff, from which it obtains 
the soubriquet of the " Bluff City." It was laid out 
in 1819, under the joint proprietorship of Gen. Jack- 
son, Gen. James Winchester and John Overton, Esq., 
who had'obtained the land from the Federal Gov- 
ernment, and in 1826 was passed the first charter of 
Memphis by the Legislature of Tennessee. 

Its earliest history (in the year 1540) designates 
the site of Memphis as having been occupied by a 
village called Chisca, near which Ferdinand de Soto, 
the immortal misguided Spanish explorer encamped 
his followers, and subsequently crossed the Mississ- 
ippi. Population, (including that of her environs,) 
25,000 ; it is located 750 miles above New Orleans, 
and 420 miles below St. Louis. 

McGKEHEE'S, (flag station.)— Here are the splen- 
did mansions of Messrs. McGehee and Cooper, which 
present a very attractive appearance. Two such fine 
residences are seldom found anywhere in the rural 
districts, and are highly indicative of their owners' 
taste and. liberality. 

BUNTYBT, (Memphis 6 miles— Stevenson 265 
miles,) a wood and water station ; named after Ger- 
aldus Buntyn, Esq., whose residence, immediately 
fronting the station, will attract the observation of 
the traveler. 

WHITE'S, (flag station,) or the abode of Eppy 
White, has been long known as a camping-place for 
travelers, and an old post-station. During the sum- 
mer the vicinity is a place of general resort for par- 
ties of pleasure, camp-meetings, etc. 

GERMANTOWN (Memphis 15 miles— Steven- 
son 256 miles) derives its name from having been 
settled by several German families, and was regular- 
ly laid out in 1834 by Colonel G.P. Shepherd. Pres- 
ent population i3 about 800— one-third being slave. 
Healthfully situated on a high ridge between Non- 



16 hxjxt's gazeteer op the 

connah creek and Wolf river. A plank road also 
connects it with Memphis. 

The surrounding country produces most of the 
grains and fruits peculiar to the soil— cotton being 
the staple, and most marketable. 

" Nashoba," " White Sulphur," and " Brunswick" 
Springs are delightfully located in groves of ever- 
greens, within a distance of two miles, and are favor- 
ite resorts'for residents of the neighborhood. 

The town contains one cotton-gin factory and other 
mechanical establishments, dry goods and grocery 
stores, and two hotels. The inhabitants are gener- 
ally moral, intelligent, and a reading people, support- 
ing three churches, and an excellent school for boys 
and girls. 

A half mile east of Gerniantown, and facing the 
road on the north, stands the " Shelby Classical and 
Military Institute," under the superintendence of 
Colonel A. M. Rafter, assisted by an able corps of in- 
structors. This institution — which so advantage- 
ously unites a collegiate education with military dis- 
cipline — enjoys an excellent reputation. 

FOB.EST HILL (flag station) Seminary for 
Young Ladies is located on the north side of the 
road, about three miles further east. Will in time 
be a handsome spot. 

NEVILLE.— Flag station. 
BB AY'S.— Flag station. 

COLLIERVILLE (Memphis 24 miles— Steven- 
son 247 miles) occupies a high position on the same 
ridge of ground with Germantown, Wolf river being 
on the North, and Nonconah creek toward the South. 
The railroad depot is located one-fourth of a mile 
South of the village. The surrounding country is 
an undulated light or mulatto soil, rich in productions 
peculiar to tlie latitude. 

The town contains about 250 inhabitants, and sus- 
tains a number of stores and produce houses, several 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 17 



mechanical shops. Tliere are also male and female 
high schools, and a mixed school for juveniles. The 
Methodist, Baptist, Campsettlers and Cumberland 
Presbyterian congregations comprise the religious 
denominations. 

In the vicinity of this station are three steam and 
two water-power mills, successfully operating in 
lumber and produce. 

Passengers alight here for Macon, Tennessee. — 
Stage tri-weekly. 

"WALKER'S.— Flag station. 

LAFAYETTE. (Memphis 31 miles— Stevenson 
240 miles,) named after the gallant and patriotic 
Frenchman, is situated on what is termed " second- 
bottom land," which is a level tract, and about one- 
half mile South of Wolf river. The Post-Office hers 
is called Rossville. 

The surrounding country is gently undulated ; the 
climate considered healthy ; staple productions — 
cotton, corn and wheat. 

Marshall Female Institute is located about five 
miles South, contiguous to the boundary line between 
Tennessee and Mississippi, and occupies an inviting 
site. It is conducted by Rev. Joseph Douglass, with 
competent assistants, and sustains a very superior 
reputation.^ 

Passeegers leave cars here for Mt. Pleasant, Miss- 
issippi. 

HAY'S CROSSING.— Flag station. 

MOSCOW, (Memphis 39 miles— Stevenson 232 
miles,) named after the renowned metropolis of Rus- 
sia, was founded about the year 1825 — nothing of in- 
terest connected therewith. It is situated between 
Wolf river and a Northern Fork of that stream, one 
fourth of a mile from their confluence. The present 
population numbers about 200. Contains no promi- 
nent institutions of learning. 



18 hunt's gazetekh of the 

The climate is generally healihy, and the country 
fertile, yielding principally cotton and grain. Very 
little attention given to raising stock. In the vicin- 
ity are two fine water-power grist mills, owned by 
Messrs. Thomas G. Anderson and J. J. McCaughan ; 
also a number of chalybeate and sulphur springs — 
places of general resort — two and a half miles from 
town. 

Moscow is the connecting point of the Branch 
Railroad to Somerville, 13 miles distant. 

Passengers leave cars here for Early Grove, Miss- 
issippi. 

"WTLLISTON (on branch to Somerville, 7 miles 
from Moscow) is a depot named after Henry Willis, 
Esq., whose plantation it adjoins. It is regarded the 
half-way point between Moscow and Somerville. 

SOMERVILLE (on branch, 13 miles from Mos- 
cow, 52 from Memphis) was named after Lieutenant 
Somerville, an officer in the war of 1812, and who 
received a mortal wound at the battle of Taladega, 
in Alabama. The town was incorporated in 1823 as 
the seat of Justice of Fayette* County, in the very 
centre of which it is located. It is on a fine plat of 
land, at an elevation of 60 feet above Loosahatchie 
creek, near which it is situated. The population is 
about 1,200. The country around has an undulating 
surface ; a good soil, producing cotton, com, wheat, 
oats, &c, with fruits and vegetables in abundance. 
The soil is of clay and sand mixture, having an un- 
der-stratum of stiff pipe-clay. 

Its industrial establishments consist of various 
factories and tanneries, together with several flour- 
ing mills, propelled by steam and water-power, situ- 
ated in and about the town. 



* FaydU County possesses an excellent soil, and Is extensively 
cultivated ; and which, in addition to the usual staples, produced 
in 1850 a greater quantity of cotton and sweet potatoes than any 
other in the gtate. 



BOEDER AND (BOUTHEBN STATES. 19 

There are two academical institutions of consid- 
erable reputation — a male academy and the Young 
Ladies' Model School. 

Somerville terminates the branch which com- 
mences at Moscow. 

CHOM WELL.— Flag station. 

LA GRANGE (Memphis 49 miles — Stevenson 
222 miles) is located in the South. Western corner of 
Fayette County, which being named after the im- 
mortal Lafayette, (although now contracted to 'Fay- 
ette,) the town commissioners, to further compliment 
the friend of Washington and our country, christen, 
ened their place with the name of his home in 
France — La Grange. 

GRAND JUNCTION (Memphis 52 miles — 
Stevenson 219 miles) is the intersecting point with 
the Mississippi Central Railroad, leading south to- 
ward Holly Springs, and the Mississippi Central and 
Tennessee Railroad, leading north toward Bolivar and 
Jackson, which two roads will form important links 
in the magnificent chain which, at no long period, is 
destined to connect New Orleans and Cairo, Illinois. 

The spot, in 1855, was a cotton field, upon which 
Progress had not yet imprinted her footsteps, save 
the stakes which designated the Memphis and Char- 
leston Railroad's future location. The town plat 
was determined by J. Jay Williams, then Chief-En- 
gineer, and the first building was erected in January, 
1855 — and which, being a house of refreshment, be- 
came a Horeb-rock unto the elevating and excavat- 
ing sons of Erin — who constituted the primitive 
citizenship. 

The surrounding country is high and very broken ; 
healthy, and well adapted to the culture of cotton 
and grain. The nearest water-course is Wolf river, 
from which stream water is conveyed in pipes to 
Grand Junction. This is almost the sole depend- 



20 hunt's gazeteer of the 

ence of the town for this essential element, and th« 
natural scarcity of it forms a most serious drawback. 
Some beautiful views can be had from an emi- 
nence within half a mile, and which are rendered at- 
tractive in presenting distant surveys of the neigh- 
boring towns of La Grange, Saulsbury and Van 
Buren. 



MISSISSIPPI CENTRAL AND TEN- 
NESSEE EAILEOAD, 



BOLIVAR, (18 miles from Junction,) the first 
important station on the Mississippi Central and 
Tennessee Railroad, is a handsome and thriving 
town of about 1,500 inhabitants, and capital of Har- 
deman County ; is situated upon a gentle eminence, 
one mile south of Hatchee river, which stream is 
navigable during about half the year. The town is 
surrounded by rich land, beautifully undulated, and 
contains among its inhabitants many wealthy and 
distinguished planters. The trade of the place is 
active, and increasing. 

Dunlap's Chalybeate Springs are located two and 
a half miles from Bolivar. They are greatly resort- 
ed to during the summer, and the waters regarded 
as possessing fine curative qualities. 

JACKSON, (50 miles from Junction,) named 
after the immortal hero of New Orleans, was laid 
out in August, 1822, by State Commissioners, for the 
express purpose of establishing the capital of Madi- 
son County. Its location is on the south fork of 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 21 

Forked Deer river, a stream navigable to this point 
only by the smallest grade of steamboats, in favor- 
able stages of water. The surrounding country is of 
a level character, rich and fertile, producing the sta- 
ples in abundance, and fruits and vegetables in un- 
usual variety. The geological character of the soil 
is distinguished as of the "orange sand group." 

Mason's Wells, 10 miles eastward, is a place of re- 
treat during the summer. The town contains sev- 
eral steam saw-mills, a foundry, and the usual neces- 
sary mercantile and mechanical establishments. — 
Population about 3,000. The Western Division of 
the State Agricultural Sotiety owns property here, 
upon which it holds its annual fairs. The Federal 
and Superior, besides the inferior courts, are con- 
vened herei — the court-hause occupying the centre of 
the public square. 

The educational institutions comprise West Ten- 
nessee College, the Memphis Conference Female - In- 
stitute, besides two Seminaries, (male and female,) 
all of which enjoy a liberal patronage. Two news- 
papers are published here. 

Jackson is the Northern terminus of the Mississ- 
ippi Central and Tennessee Railroad, and connects 
here with the Mobile and Ohio, leading toward Cairo, 
and now operated (by the M. C. & T. R. R.) to Mc- 
Cony's Mill, 10 miles North of Jackson. 

Since the completion of the railroad, the business 
of Jackson has greatly increased, *and bright hopes 
are entertained for its future advancement and pros- 
perity. 



Through. Route continued: 

SATJLSBTJItY (Memphis 58 miles— Stevenson 
213 miles) was established in 1854, by the citizens Of 
Berlin, a little village in the southern environs ; but, 
as the majestic oak absorbs the little acorn from 
which it grew, so has Saulsbury tapped th» life- 



23 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE. 

blood of Berlin, and leaves it almost without " a local 
habitation and a name." The place derives its name 
from Major Sauls, former proprietor of the land. 

The country adjacent is somewhat broken and fer- 
tile, producing cotton, corn and wheat, together with 
tobacco, rice, oats, rye and potatoes. The landscape 
bears no distinguishable feature, except a cone- 
shaped mountain, which looms up into the blue 
heavens, in Tippah County, Miss., five miles distant. 
The section of country lying between Junction and 
Saulsbury has been ascertained to be the highest 
between Memphis and Tuscumbia. 

Fox's Chalybeate Springs, four miles from Sauls- 
bury, toward the north, -affords a delightful pleasure 
resort. The recently established "Woodland Fe- 
male Institute," located on the railroad three-fourths 
of a mile west of the town, is a desirable educational 
institution for students of both sexes. 

Population about 300, industrious and intelligent 
citizens, whose business engagements are of a mer- 
cantile character. It is situated on the head waters 
of Spring Creek, near the southern boundary of 
Hardeman County, Tenn., about 27 miles south of 
Bolivar. 

Passengers alight for Ripley, Miss. 

MIDDLETON, (Memphis 69 miles— Stevenson 
202 miles) named in compliment to John Middleton, 
Esq., a member of the original Engineer Corps. The 
spot was laid out as a depot in August, 1855. 

The locality was originally occupied by the Chero- 
kee Indians, but they have left no monumental relics 
here to perpetuate their history. 

The place contains about 150 of a population, and 
is situated on a pleasant ridge, which slopes each 
way two miles, to Muddy and Porter's Creeks. It is 
surrounded by " the forest primeval," through which 
meanders small streams, affording water for stock, 
of which considerable is raised. The country is 
healthy and productive. The top-soil, being thin, is 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 23 

greatly enriched by an under-straturn of marl, the 
good effect being further increased when it is spread 
upon the surface. The region abounds also in chaly- 
beate springs, but they are without importance. 

There is one good female school. The prospects 
for future improvement are deemed rather inauspi- 



POCAHONTAS, (Memphis 74 miles— Stevenson 
197 miles,) deriving its name from the immortal 
Indian princess, is a thriving village, located on a 
beautiful tract of table land, on the south bank of 
Big Hatchee River, one mile below its confluence 
with the Tuscumbia. 

The spot was selected in 1825, by some land spec- 
ulators, who were favorably impressed with the lo- 
cality as a point of navigation, but whose hopes 
were frustrated by their discovering its extreme re- 
moteness from market, great delay in improvement 
of navigation facilities, and other causes — which in- 
duced an utter abandonment of the scheme, and dis- 
posal of the land. Its buried prospects were resur- 
rected by the location of Memphis and Charleston 
depot upon the ancient site, in 1854, and since which 
date it has steadily progressed. 

Evidences of an aboriginal occupation exist in the 
various mounds, one of which is contiguous to the 
village hotel. The country about is fertile, produc- 
ing the staples, fruits and melons, and unsurpassed 
for sweet potatoes and turnips. Considerable stock 
is also raised here, particularly sheep. 

The extensive bottom-lands on Hatchee and Tus- 
cumbia rivers, and Big Muddy and other creeks, 
abound in the finest timber. The soil is an alluvial 
dark loam, more yellow at higher points, and con- 
taining free-stone water. The densely timbered hill 
lands and bottoms, including an area of 30 miles, 
designate Pocahontas as a most available centre for 
lumbering, and it possesses already four steam and 
four water-power mills in successful operation. Upon 



24 hunt's gazeteer op the 

these extraordinary lumber resources, the highest 
hopes have been reasonably anchored. 

Adjacent to the Hatchee, on Captain Davis' plan- 
tation, is a fine, bold chalybeate spring, much re- 
sorted to, and for the waters of which are claimed 
great curative virtues. The surrounding woods 
affords ample game to amuse and repay a visit of the 
Nimrods whose time can be thus appropriated. 

A tri- weekly line of coaches connects with Ripley, 
Pontotoc, Aberdeen and Columbus, Mississippi — 
present terminus of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

BIG HILL, (Memphis, 79 miles— Stevenson, 192 
miles,) flag station. It is a principal outlet for lum- 
ber, there being numerous saw-mills in the vicinity. 
The excavation through which the road passes is 85 
feet in depth, and involved the removal of 220,000 
cubic yards of material. It is one of the most ex- 
tensive cuts in the South ; was completed in June, 
1856, by Messrs. Kennedy and Gray, the well-known 
railroad contractors. Its sides being composed of 
layers of sandstone, will prevent apprehension from 
slides. 

CHAWALLA (Memphis, 84 miles — Stevenson, 
187) is situated in McNary County, Tenn., within 1$ 
miles of the Mississippi State line. The name is a 
Chickasaw word, meaning " gray water."' The for- 
mer proprietorship of the land was vested in the 
Chickasaw nation ; and as the governmental bound- 
aries'were only established after the comparatively 
recent cession and relinquishment of the lands by the 
Indians, it has scarcely doffed its primitive glory. — 
Numerous traces of its former inhabitants are mani- 
fest in the presence of quantities of spear and arrow- 
heads, earthen-ware, and rude implements of stone, 
found everywhere. 

Chawalla lies in Indian. Creek Valley, 1£ miles 
north of the confluence of Hatchee and Tuscumbia 
rivers, and is immediately surrounded by well farm- 
ed land .producing a good yield. Cattle and hogs are 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 25 

raised in great abundance for home consumption and 
exportation. 

An immense bed of marl underlies this entire re- 
gion at a depth of from 10 to 15 feet, and occasionally 
reaching to the surface. No future mining will ever 
exhaust these immense soil-invigorating resources. 

Three steam saw-mills, supplying 100,000 feet of 
lumber per week, comprise the chief-business of the 
station. 



Between Chawalla and Corinth, and immediately 
on the line which divides the States of Tennessee 
and Mississippi, is found the first deposit of marl. — 
An examination of this peculiar substance gives suf- 
ficient evidence of its being a deposit of the sea in 
ages gone by. Shells, oysters, clams, (petrified,) fos- 
sil remains of fish, and other marine creations, have 
been exhumed from it. Its recuperating effects upon 
worn-out soil, and its fertilizing qualities have been 
amply tested, and its worth has become so undoubt- 
ed that it is contemplated to organize companies for 
the purpose of mining, and giving to the agricultural 
world a manuring ingredient, equal in virtue and 
less expensive than guano. 

This valuable material subsequently occurs in the 
excavations to the eastward, as far as Burns. 

CORINTH (Memphis, 93 miles— Stevenson, 178 
miles) is the point where the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road will cross the Memphis and Charleston, nearly 
at right angles, and by which connections will be 
formed with Mobile bay on the south, 328 miles, and 
the Ohio Eiver on the north. It is situated in Tish- 
amingo* County, Miss., about four miles south of 



*Tishamixgo, whoso honored name the county hoars, was a 
magnanimous Indian Chief of the Chickasaw nation. He lived to 
a green old age, and died, according to some accounts, upon his 
own hunting grounds, and is buried in the vicinity of Corinth, 
while others aver that he emigrated to Arkansas, and died in a 
stranger land.' 



26 HTJtfT'a S-AZBTBHR OF THE 

the Tennessee State line. The first house was erect- 
ed in the winter of 1855, and in a period of eighteen 
months the population increased to over 1,500. 

The surrounding country comprises both hill and 
bottom lands — good for general agriculture. Tus- 
cumbio creek, a principal tributary to Hatchee River, 
runs within three miles of town, amid an extensive 
bottom of superior timber. These forests also 
abound in wild game, while the waters teem with 
myriads of the finny tribe. Seven miles eastward 
commences a wilderness of pine trees. Quite a num- 
ber of steam saw-mills are already in operation, and 
doing a profitable business. 

There are two fine* chalybeate springs contiguous 
to the place, which it is contemplated to fit out aa 
summer resorts. The celebrated Harden County Red 
and White Sulphur Springs are located twelve miles 
to the northeast, in a high and romantic region. Ex- 
tensive marl beds abound throughout the entire vi- 
cinity. There is in successful operation a large es- 
tablishment for the manufacture of furniture, planing 
and general wood working. 

Beautifully located upon an eminence, southwest 
of the depot, is Corona Female College, an individual 
enterprise in the cause of education, and of a merito- 
rious character. 

The place is named after ancient and classic Cor- 
inth. It enjoys a flattering prospect for the future, 
and from its being an embryo railroad center, it is, 
no doubt, destined to become a large and flourishing 
inland town. 

A survey has been made for a railroad branch to 
connect Corinth with Hamburg, a point on the Ten- 
nessee river, 1G miles, and 4 miles from Pittsburgh 
Landing, where the great battle was fought, April 
7, 1862, where General Beauregard was defeated, and 
retreated to Corinth, and on the 29th of May he 
was driven out by Generals Halleck and Buell ; and 
in July, General Rosecrans defeated the rebel Gene- 
rals, Van Dorn and Price, at this place. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 37 

NINETY-EIVE MILE SIDING. — Flag sta- 
tion. 

GLENDALE, (Memphis, 101 miles— Stevenson, 
170 miles,) a station named in honor of Robert Glenn, 
Esq., is situated in a very rough and mountainous 
district. The valleys are rich and fertile, but the 
hills are sandy and unproductive. Lumbering is the 
chief business. 

BURNS (Memphis, 107 miles — Stevenson, 164 
miles) derives its name from Jerry Burns, who set- 
tled upon the land in 1853, near the present depot. 
It is situated in Tishamingo County, Miss., 9 miles 
from Jacinto, the shiretown. From this point it is 
12 miles to Eastport, on the Tennessee River, and 1 5 
to the Hardin County Springs, for which latter place 
of resort, Burns is the principal outlet, a daily coach 
traversing the route. 

Burns is located in Yellow Creek Valley, and sur- 
rounded by fertile lands and hills of fine timber. A 
very lucrative business attaches to the steam saw- 
mills in operation — the lumber being sent abroad by 
railroad. Much good land remains in a state of na- 
ture, unreclaimed and uncultivated. The arable 
land is better adapted to grain culture than to cot- 
ton. 

The village contains about 350 inhabitants, eight 
business houses, two churches and one school. Ex- 
cellent roads diverge into all sections of the country 
about, and this means of easy transit is relied upon 
as an important dependence for the town's future. 

The entire country was originally possessed by 
the Chickasaw Indians, who treated with govern- 
ment, and vacated it in 1836-7. Subsequently much 
stock was raised by pioneer whites, who found it 
quite profitable. This vicinity is also notorious as 
the rendezvous of Jack Derrick, a most infamous 
land pirate, who, with his organized band of robbers, 
committed depredations in Alabama, Mississippi, Ten- 
nessee and Arkansas. 



28 hunt's gazeteer of the 

I-U-KA (Memphis, 115 miles — Stevenson, £56 
miles) perpetuates the name of a distinguished, Irrave 
and magnanimous son of the forest, who formerly 
dwelt on the premises. His cabin, which stood about 
200 yards from the depot, was universally known as 
a resting place for the traveler through that once be- 
nighted region, and a resort for all who loved friend- 
ship and good cheer. Weary and worn by his day's 
journey, the pioneer was wont to rest with safety 
beneath I-u-ka's roof ; and the venerable chief was 
equally beloved and honored by whites and Indians. 
Like the immortal Logan, his name is classed with 
the brave and generous of his race. He died on the 
spot, about the year 1835-6. 

I-u-ka was laid out as a town plot in April, 1857, 
and at present numbers 400 population. It is sur- 
rounded by a generally poor country, the uplands 
heavily timbered. The health of the locality is evi- 
denced in the fact, that by the census of 1850, Tisho- 
mingo County is shown to be, according to its popu- 
lation, the healthiest county in the United States ! — 
Cotton, corn, &c, are the agricultural products — soil 
rather sandy. 

Hardin County Springs are also accessible from 
I-u-ka, and it is the railway outlet for Eastport, a 
point of navigation on Tennessee river, eight miles 
distant. A chalybeate spring, contiguous to the 
depot, is asserted to be the best and strongest in Mis- 
sissippi. It is also noted for four mineral springs, 
which were found to cure the worst cases of chronic 
diarrhoea in the army. 

A number of saw-mills are operating in the vicin- 
ity. The survey of the projected New Orleans. Jack- 
son and Great Northern Railroad, crosses the M. and 
C. Railroad in Bear Creek bottom, four miles east- 
ward. There are ten stores of various kinds, some 
mechanical establishments, and a weekly newspaper. 

I-u-ka must necessarily become the de L >ot for a 
large scope of country southward, of which it is 
the only outlet. The place offers many inducements 



I 
BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 29 

in a business way, and its future prospects are con- 
sidered unusually fair. 

ROSEBUD. — A flag station. There are some 
steam saw-mills in the vicinity, which send to mar- 
ket a considerable amount of excellent lumber. 

The State Line dividing Mississippi and Alaba- 
ma runs between I-u-ka and Dickson — represented by 
Big Bear Creek. 

DICKSON (Memphis, 127 miles— Stevenson, 144 
miles) is a depot located on the property of William 
Dickson, Esq., a director, and one of the most stead- 
fast friends of the railroad. His palatial mansion 
occupies a fine position on an eminence on the south 
6ide of the road. 

This region, which is very beautiful and product- 
ive, was originally the home of Levy Colbert, princi- 
pal chief of the Chickasaw nation, who settled here 
about the year 1800. From the base of a limestone 
bluff, 60 feet high, upon which his wigman was erec- 
ted, still gushes forth the noted "Ruzzard Roost 
Spring," a well remembered resting spot and camp- 
ground for travelers on the old Natchez Trace — once 
the only trackway between Nashville and New-Or- 
leans — and this place was considered the most beau- 
tiful and desirable on the route. 

From the earliest date known, this section of coun- 
try has been denominated " Buzzard Roost" — an im- 
proper translation of the Indian word She-ka^nooso , 
or, " Buzzard Sleep" — but the origin of the appela- 
tion is unknown to tradition or history. 

CHEROKEE (Memphis, 129 miles— Stevenson, 
142 miles) derives its name from Cherokee Branch, 
upon the banks of which the Cherokee nation halted, 
en route westward, in 1835-'6 ; the entire vicinity is 
noted for its fine spring water and choice hunting 
grounds. 

This depot is situated about five miles from Tennes- 



80 HUNT'S GAZETEER OP THE 

see river, at Newport or Chatham's Ferry ; 5 \ mu.es 
from Georgetown or Colbert's old Ferry, the crossing 
point of the Natches train-road, cut out and traveled 
by General Jackson on his way to New Orleans. It 
is upon a ridge midway between Big Bear and Cane 
Creeks. Country generally healthy, and producing 
the staples of the latitude. 

BARTON (Memphis, 133 miles — Stevenson, 138 
miles) was commenced in October, 1856, and named 
after the proprietor of the land, A. C. Barton, being 
comprised in the old Chickasaw purchase, It is ad- 
jacent to Tennessee river, and situated in a beautiful 
valley from four to six miles wide. Climate healthy 
and soil productive in cotton, corn and grain. This 
section of country is regarded as among the most at- 
tractive in North Alabama. The landscape is height- 
ened by a mountain range, 2* miles south, rounded 
on the north by the Tennessee river. 

PRIDE'S. — Flag station. 

TXJSCTJMBIA (Memphis, 145 miles — Stevenson, 
126 miles) immortalizes the name and fame of a 
most distinguished chief of the Chickasaw Indians, 
who formerly presided over this section. In 1818-19 
the national government offered the lands for sale, 
and laid out the town. The population is about 
1,600. 

It is situated in the healthful and beautiful valley 
of the Tennessee, one and a half miles south of the 
river. Here may be found one of the most celebrat- 
ed of the Indian springs, called Ococopasa, which 
signifies " Cold Water." The stream issues from 
beneath a high limestone bluff, and spreads into a 
channel 50 feet wide, but shallow. It dashes forth 
in its liquid light at a rate estimated to be 17,000 
cubic feet per minute. The water is of excellent 
quality, limpid and sparkling, and retains the tem- 
perature of 60° the whole year round. 

The soil of the encircling valley is lich and lasting 



BORDER AND (SOUTHERN BTATES. SI 

r or agricultural purposes, cotton being the great sta- 
*ple, (the yield is 100,000 bales per annum,) while 
nearly all the cereal grains are generally raised in 
abundance for home consumption. 

The peculiar feature in the landscape is a magnifi- 
cent range of mountains which border on the south, 
from the cloud-kissing brows of which (at an" eleva- 
tion of 400 to 500 feet) is unfolded to Nature's admir- 
ing worshippers the silver bosom of the meandering 
river, and the living green of one of the loveliest 
valleys in the South. 

The Franklin, Ligon and Bailey Springs — places 
of considerable resort — are within 15 miles of Tus- 
cumbia, and whose waters maintain high reputation 
for recuperative virtues. * The vicinity also contains 
the " Cypress," ff Lauderdale," and other extensive 
cotton factories, besides flouring and other mills. — 
Two good male and one female school comprise the 
educational institutions of the place. 

A branch of the Memphis and Charleston Rail- 
road extends two miles to Tuscumbia Landing, on 
the Tennessee river. Another branch of five miles 
length is also in progress to Florence. The contem- 
plated Nashville and New Orleans road will also in- 
tersect at this point. 

Tuscumbia is pre-eminently the pioneer town in 
the inauguration of southern railways, west of the 
Allegheny mountains. * As early as 1830 did its en- 
terprising citizens originate the old Tuscumbia, 
Courtland and Decatur Railroad, 45 miles long — to 
avoid the Muscle Shoals* — the completion of which 
was celebrated in 1834. Eight years subsequent, 
this primeval effort was amalgamated with the great 



*The celebrated Muscle Shoals are an extensive series of rapids 
in that part of the Tennessee river which lies in the extremo 
northern part of the State. The descent of the water hero ia 100 
feet in the course of 20 miles. The neighborhood is a famou3 
resort of wild ducks and geese, which come in great flocks in 
search of the shell-fish from which the rapids derivo their name. 
The waters also contain immense quantities of excellent fish ; 



32 hunt's gazeteer op the 

enterprises which have now consummated the origi- 
nal idea of effecting an iron way from the Father of 
Waters to Old Ocean. 

The Magnetic Telegraph Company has an office 
here. 

Stages leave Tuscumbia regularly for Florence and 
Bailey's Springs. 

HOBGOOD'S.— Flag station. 

LEIGHTON", (Memphis, 155 miles— Stevenson, 
116 miles,) situated in the north-western part of Lau- 
rens County, Alabama, is named after Wm. Leigh, 
the original proprietor. When originated, in 1820, 
it bid fair to become a locality of some importance, 
but upon the death of the enterprising Leigh it re- 
lapsed to inactivity. Population rather meagre in 
number. 

The surrounding country is beautiful, high enough 
to be well drained, and comprises the Tennesse val- 
ley—the river being five miles distant from the sta- 
tion. Two public roads also intersect each other 
here. Cotton is raised abundantly as the great sta- 
ple, together with grain and stock. From the dis- 
tant mountain-tops a view of ten miles expanse is 
unfolded to the spectator, and which, in summer 
time, possesses an enchanting magnificence. The 
adjacent mountains contain inexhaustible quantities 
of rich iron ore and coal, although comparatively 
little attention is given to mining. In the same sec- 
tion exists a body of asphaltum, large quantities of 
which are continually exported. 

In the bosom of the mountains are numerous min- 
eral springs, at which many of the valley planters 



and thus is provided a most unusual opportunity for the sports- 
men and anglers in tho surrounding country. Boats cannot pass 
this part of Tennessee river except at times of very high water, 
and from which necessity originated tho idea of constructing the 
old railroad from Tuscumbia to Decatur. A canal was also once 
built around the shoals, but it has been abandoned, and is falling 
into decay. 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 33 

have summer residences, and as the immediate vicin 
ity affords fine hunting, the resort hither in the sum 
mer months is very general. No mills or manufac- 
tories nearer than those at Tuscumbia. 

JONESBOHO', (Memphis, 164 miles— Stevenson, 
107 miles,) a wood and water station. 

COTJBTLAin) (Memphis, 168 miles— Stevenson, 
103 miles) is a pleasant town, containing about 400 
inhabitants, situated in the centro of the beautiful 
Tennessee valley, in a bend of Big Nance creek, and 
about seven miles from the Tennessee river, and four 
miles to the mountains on. the south ; 16 miles from 
Moulton, tho county seat, and with which place it is 
now connected by stage line. The country about is 
level, and though formerly an extensive woodland, has 
been improved to a cultivated area, embracing very 
largo plantations. Cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, 
&c, are its principal products. The adjoining coun- 
ties of Hancock and Walker send considerable stock 
to market. 

The McGhee (chalybeate) Springs, nine miles 
southwest, and the Campbell (sulphur and iron) 
Springs are much frequented by the neighboring 
planters. Indian mounds occasionally dot the coun- 
try — reminiscences of the aboriginal proprietors, who 
have passed away, and whose epitaphs they are. 

Of the mechanical pursuits, two extensive gin 
factories are conspicuous, both of which are said to 
produce meritorious articles. Tho mercantile busi- 
ness comprises over a dozen establishments. There 
are three churches, two hotels, together with a flour- 
ishing Female Institute, under the auspices of the 
Masonic Lodge. 

The railroad passes through the centre of town. — 
A tri-weekly lino of stages runs to Tuscaloosa, 
whenco pleasure parties frequently hie to the moun- 
tains. Northward, tho lovors of fiold sports and fish- 
ing resort to th© Muscle Shoals, and amid its swift- 



84 hunt's gazeteek, op the 

running waters and bordering forests e'njoy the gold- 
en opportunities which nature affords. 

SHERROD'S SPRINGS (wood and water sta- 
tion) is a magnificent pool of water, and located in an 
excellent region of country. 

HXLLSBQRO (Memphis, 176 miles— Stevenson . 
95 miles) Station derives its name from Joab Hill, a 
contractor on the old Decatur and Tuscumbia Rail- 
road, whose cabin ornamented this spot about the 
year 1834. This point is six miles south of the Ten- 
nessee river. The adjacent country is healthy, and 
the soil productive in cotton and grain. Business 
appertains chiefly to the shipping of cotton, about 
3,000 bales of which are sent forward annually. 

This region of country being embraced in the fa- 
mous Tennessee Valley, it may not be inappropriate 
to subjoin the following beautifully written para- 
graph : 

" Along the course of the river on both sides, from 
where it divides the mountain to the point of its de- 
flection north, lies one of the most beautiful, rich and 
fertile valleys of the Southwest. From the river in 
either direction, north or south, the ground gradual- 
ly rises, presenting one broad, fiat plain, whose sur- 
face is interrupted in its evenness by an occasional 
prominence, more elevated than the rest, and usually 
covered with cedars, or other growth, which* gives a 
picturesque variety to the otherwise monotonous 
landscape. This enchanting and lovely spot com- 
bines more of beauty in its locality, and of pictur- 
esque sublimity, than any other portion of Alabama. 
Bounded on the east by the Cumberland mountain, 
stretching its continuous length, in a right line, to 
the northeast — divided centrally, nearly, and in the 
shape of a crescent, by the rushing river, tumbling- 
over the broad expansive shoals, known as the 
" Muscle," — shaded by groves of the lofty oak and 
poplar — freshened by springs, fountains' and rivulets 
of sparkling, gurgling water — fragrant with millions 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 35 

of flowers— dotted over with villas, plantations and 
residences of. the nicest tasteful and approved style 
of architecture, presenting all the blooming- fresh- 
ness and beauty of flowers, that "adorn the bosom of 
a bride— and musical with thousands of voices of the 
feathered songsters, .this lovely spot realizes the 
vision- of the fabled Easselas. For fertility of soil, 
sulubrity of climate, health, convenience to market, 
facilities of intercourse, intelligent, enlightened and 
moral society, the advantages of schools and colleges, 
and, in a word, all that contributes to the happiness 
and prosperity of man, the Tennessee Valley has not 
its parallel in an equal area of country in the United 
States.." — Athens Ilerald. 

TRINITY, (Memphis, 182 miles— Stevenson, 189 
miles,) a wood and water station, named after a 
church near by, which boasts the metropolitan title 
of " Trinity Church." 

DECATUR, (Memphis, 188 miles— Stevenson, 83 
miles,) one of the oldest and most prominent towns 
on the route, is situated, on the south bank of Ten- 
nessee river, in the northwest part of Morgan County, 
Alabama. Supposed to have been named in compli- 
ment to the intrepid and immortal Commodore De- 
catur. The first settlement was by poor pioneers 
from East Tennessee, about the year 1816. It is re- 
lated that a severe conflict raged between these and 
the Indians, on the spot occupied by the town, — the 
aborigines being routed with considerable, loss. On 
either bank of the river still exist high mounds, the 
history and design of which is untold. 

Decatur contains about 900 inhabitants. The sur- 
rounding country is gently undulating — not remark- 
able for fertility, but^roducing a fair yield of cotton, 
grass, and the cereal grains. 

The town is located on a high bank, displaying red 
clay, remarkably firm, and near the water's edge 
crops out a stratum of grey limestone, which under- 
lies most of the town, at a depth of about thirty feet. 



ob HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE 

The river at this point is straight, running from 
southeast to northwest, and is 600 yards wide. Op- 
posite this place are two largo takes, several miles 
in length, ahout 200 yards wide, and from 10 to 20 
feet deep. They contain immense quantities of fish, 
affording fine sport to all the surrounding country. 
It is supposed by some that as these lakes run par- 
allel with the river, they ai one time constituted a 
part of its bed. 

There are two watering places in this county — 
Valhermoso Springs, 24 miles east from Decatur, 
which contain white sulphur and chalybeate waters. 
These springs are beautifully located, and are places 
of considerable resort. The second is the Artesian 
Wells, six miles west of the town. The principal 
well contains pure sulphur water, remarkably cool 
and pleasant. It was bored for the purpose of ob- 
taining salt, but after attaining a depth of about 350 
feet, and finding nothing but sulphur water, the 
work was abandoned. There is another well at this 
place, much prized by some for the medicinal pro- 
perties of the water. 

There is a largo brick building, onco occupied and 
worked as a cotton factory, but the machinery has 
been removed for years, and tho business suspended. 
One iron foundry now in successful operation, and 
in connection with it is being erected a flouring mill ; 
one other saw and grain mill in operation, and in 
prosperous condition. 

The fraternity of Odd Follows has established 
here a very successful and well patronised Female 
Institute, under the charge of Mr. S. J. Mayhew. — 
There are also other female and male schools. 

The Memphis and Charleston Railroad passes di- 
rectly through the town, crossing the Tennessee river 
here, upon :i magnificent bridge, 1,560 feet long, 
which has a " draw" 140 feet wide, to admit the pas- 
sage of steamboats which ply between Knoxville, 
Tenn., and Brown's Ferry, the foot of navigation, 12 

miles below this place. 



BORDER -AND SOUTHERN STATES. 37 

The Tennessee and Alabama Central Railroad, 
(now building,) from Nashville to Mobile, crosses the 
M. & C. R. R. here. There is also in progress a road 
running seuth — the Alabama Central — to unite with 
the Selma road at Montevallo, thus forming a second 
continuous track from Nashville to the southern 
waters. 

There is also steamboat communication up the 
Tennessee river to the Ohio. 

The trade of this place is very good. A large 
scope of country is supplied here, with dry-goods, 
groceries, and supplies generally ; and it is antici- 
pated that the business and trade of the town will 
bo greatly augmented upon the completion of the 
road to Nashville, the whole of which is now under 
contract, and progressing rapidly. 

MOORE'S (Memphis, 193 miles— Stevenson, 78 
miles) derives its name from the small village of 
Mooresvillo, situated three miles east from the depot, 
and contains about 300 inhabitants. 

It is located in the southwest corner of Limestone 
County, Alabama, adjacent to the Tennessee river on 
the south and west, and Piney creek on the east. 

The climate is considered healthful. The sur- 
rounding country is a limestone section, exceedingly 
fertile — the lands being owned by wealthy and intel- 
ligent planters, and productive in corn and cotton. 

The White. Sulphur Springs, in Morgan County, 
Alabama, are the only ones conspicuous or contigu- 
ous to this point. 

The Alabama and Tennessee Central Railroad will 
run north and south, between Moore's and Decatur, 
giving direct connection with the heart of Middle 
Tennessee, (via Pulaski and Columbia to Nashville,) 
and one of the most productive agricultural coun- 
tries on the globe. This great work (an before stated) 
is now rapidly progressing. 

Government lands • have been reserved from mar- 
ket, with a view to donate them to the benefit of this 



38 hunt's gazeteeb. op the 

road. It is confidently hoped that private enterprise, 
added to this gift, and other aid from' the-State, will 
soon complete this most important work. Then will, 
be developed the immense wealth in coal, iron, luim 
ber and. water-power, of the mountains to the south- 
ward. 

Passengers for Athens take the stage at- Moore's. 

BIBB'S LANE (flag station) leads to the resi- 
dence of Porter Bibb, a gentleman widely known as 
a manufacturer of smoking-pipes. Like Amati," Man- 
ton, Tobias, and others of the mechanical world, 
whose handiwork is a synonym e for perfection, hun- 
dreds of travelers will be pleased to view the spot 
whence comes their " genuine Bibb.*' 

JONES' LANE.— Flag station. 

MADISON, (Memphis, 202 miles— Stevenson, 69 
miles,) the first station on the old Decatur and Ste- 
venson Railroad, was named after the county. The 
aboriginal history of the vicinity is similar to that 
of the greater portion of the whole line. Peopled 
by the Cherokee nation, it was purchased 'by Vir- 
gians and Georgians, who succeeded as occupants of 
the Land, and many of whom still live, wealthy 
planters and land-holders. Two mounds or deposits 
of the Indian dead, exist as the only braces of the for 
mer proprietorship. 

The depot is 10 miles norl u of Tennessee river, and 
surrounded by la rge and fruitful cotton plantations 
— grain being only raised for domestic consumption. 
The quality of the soil has been pronounced as fav- 
orable to the culture of tobacco, bur the experiment. 
remains untried. 

There is not a flouring mill within a circle of ten 
miles — the need of which is a serious drawback to 
the culture of grain. Free schools and one male in- 
stitution, a few miles disiant. comprise the educa- 
tional feature of the vicinity. 

The landscape teems with beauty. A. magnificent 



39 BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 

range of mountains runs parallel with the river on 
its south side, and bends in its course with the mean- 
derings of the stream. At the foot of the mountains, 
and in the. country around, are several fine sulphur 
and chalybeate springs, at which the seekers of 
health co-mingle with the votaries of pleasure. 

The business of this section of country is sub um- 
bra to Huntsville. 

MATTHEWS'.— Flag station. 

HUNTSVILLE (Memphis, 212 miles— Steven- 
son, 59 miles) was laid out in 1810, and derives its 
name from, and immortalizes the " squatter settler," 
Hunt, who was found upon its site when the land 
was purchased from government. It is reputed to bo 
the most beautiful of southern inland cities, and is 
the capital of Madison County. Its location is 17J 
miles south of the Alabama State line, and 10 miles 
north of Whitesburg, (formerly Ditto's Landing,) on 
the Tennessee river, on a beautiful plain, at the base 
of the last spur of the Cumberland mountains. The 
city is one mile square, and contains, together with 
its suburban residents, 8,200. 

It is laid off at right angles, and the streets and 
alleys graded and Macadamized, Avhile the foot-walk 8 
are mostly ornamented with shade trees. Its princi- 
pal public buildings are a court-house, located in the 
square, of Doric architecture, and surmounted by a 
beautiful dome. It is handsomely fenced in, and sur- 
rounded by shade trees. 

The Northern Bank of Alabama is a tasteful and 
attractive structure, of the Ionic order. The various 
churches, developing beautiful architectural style, 
and a theatre, constitute the residue of the public 
buildings, while the private residences are ample and 
elegant in structure. Two chartered female schools, 
the "North Alabama College" and tho " Huntsville 
Female College," are well-patronized institutions, 
affording enlarged and liberal courses of instruction. 
Two male Academies and free schools, in addition to 



40 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE. 

the aforesaid, evidence extraordinary interest in the 
progress of education ; and constitute a pre-eminent 
feature of the city's glory. 

The great natural object of attraction is an im- 
mense spring, (58°,) which bursts from beneath a high 
limestone bluff in the very centre of the town, and 
giving a stream sufficient to float a batteau of 80 tons 
burthen. From this great fountain head the water 
is forced into a reservoir 90 feet high, and from thence 
the town is supplied through iron pipes. Nearly all 
the residences, however, are furnished with ample 
and constant wells. 

This spring was also the source and feeder, many 
years since, of the " Indian Creek Canal," (an enter- 
prise then greatly in advance of the times,) wliich 
connected with Tennessee river, and has borne upon 
its waters thousands of cotton bales, but which has 
now become antiquated and useless. 

The subject of manufactures has been comparative- 
ly neglected ; a foundry and a steam planing mill 
being the principal establishments. 

The health fulness of tho place has been uninter- 
rupted for over twenty years, being free from epi- 
demics, and for which reason it has been chosen as 
the homo of many retired professional men, and of 
wealthy planters, whose families exhibit, in their 
social intercourse, a high standard of morals, intelli- 
gence and refinement. The people seem to live here 
for comfort and enjoyment ; their dwellings aro ele- 
gant mansions, and tho style of architecture of the 
most fashionablo and approved plan ; while their 
grounds are richly cultivated and tastefully laid off 
into walks and squares, planted with tho most beau- 
tiful shrubbery and flowers, giving forth odor, and 
evidencing a refined appreciation of the lovely and 
beautiful, by the citizens of this garden spot of the 
South. No one can visit Huntsvillo without falling 
in love with it, and tho winds, wafted from the far- 
oil' North, seem to linger sportingly amid the ever- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 41 

greens and flowers, as if "reluctant to leave their per- 
fume. 

The country at large opens to the eye an extensive 
plateau, gently undulated, intersected by detached 
spurs of the Cumberland mountains, which look 
down upon the smiling valley, and are prominent in 
constituting numerous magnificent views. An hour's 
ride from the town lands the tourist at " Montesano," 
a point on an adjacent mountain, 900 feet high, and 
where can be enjoyed a refreshing breeze, cool as if 
from old ocean, and a drink from a curious spring of 
freestone water, 61° Fahrenheit — the latter affording 
an interesting theme for geological investigation. A 
yet greater curiosity is the existence, upon the very 
mountain top, of a natural well, known to be 205 
feet in depth, but, measured by sound, indicates the 
extraordinary depth of 900 feet, and which is per- 
fectly circular and regularly formed. 

A cave, two and a half miles from Huntsville, in- 
terests the mineralogical student, and furnishes very 
fine specimens of limestone formations. Numerous 
fossil remains also abound. 

The products of the rich country about are cotton, 
corn, wheat, rye, oats, millet and numerous grasses. 

Elint river and its tributaries water the immediate 
vicinity, and afford power to numerous mills for ma- 
nufacturing flour, lumber, and cotton and woolen 
fabrics. 

The business of the place is confined principally to 
a local commerce. The Magnetic Telegraph Com- 
pany has an office here. 

The Memphis and Charleston, intersecting the 
northern suburb, is the only railroad here. The 
company has'erected machine shops, and otherwise 
made Huntsville an important depot, in facilitating 
the road's operations. 

The City op Huntsville : The lovely home of 
fair women and bravo men ; of elegant refinement 
and generous hospitality. A favored bridesmaid at 



42 hunt's gazeteeh of the 

the nuptials of the Mississippi *&d Atlantic; may 
she share largely in the profitable investments of the 
Bride and Groom.—" Railroad JUbilee" Toast. 

FEARN'8, (flag station,) ' named after the dis- 
tinguished Dr. Fearn, of Huntsville. 

BUOWNSBOB.O' (Memphis, 223 miles— Steven- 
son, 48 miles) was selected as the home of a family 
named Brown, in 1809, and bade fair to prove the 
nucleus of a future settlement, until about 1885; 
from which time no additions have been made. 

There is nothing of peculiar interest in the history 
of the spot, although Indian mounds and remains of 
primitive industry and defence still exist to interest 
the antiquarian. 

Its location is upon the meandering Flint river, 
(noted for its abounding fish — salmon, trout, etc.,) 
which flows into the Tennessee about twenty miles 
distant. The healthy and fertile country around 
contains a' wealthy population. 

On one of the adjacent mountains, at an elevation 
of 1,200 feet, is a fine chalybeate spring, much Fre- 
quented by invalids in summer time. " Belle Cotton 
Factory" is located on Flint river, about four miles 
westward, and turns out quantities of osnabergs and 
domestic cotton goods. A. large flour mill also oper- 
ates at the same place. Northeastward, three miles, 
is a largo hemp factory ; and contiguous to the depot 
is a good saw-mill. The neighborhood contains two 
flourishing schools, male and female. 

Brownsboro' is the crossing point of the Winches- 
tor and Alabama Railroad, now in progress, which 
will connect Decherd Station, on the Nashville and 
Chattanooga Railroad, with the Guntersvilrle and 
Sebna Railroad, at Guntersville, Ala. The comple- 
tion of this route will greatly advance the business 
of Brownsboro'. 

COLE'S SPRING (flag station) is a large and 
beautiful basin of water, full of iish — principally 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 43 

trout and pike — a grand resort for the Isaac Wal- 
tons of the neighborhood. It is in the midst of seve- 
ral splendid plantations — among them is Ex-Gover- 
nor Clay's. 

Here the road leaves Tennessee Valley, and winds 
amid gaps and spurs of the Cumberland mountains, 
which encircle beautiful coves on both sides. 

SCOTT'S.— Flag station. 

PAINT BOCK, (Memphis, 233 miles— Steven- 
son, 38 miles,) formerly known as Camden, derives 
it's present name from its immediate location on 
Paint Rock River. " Paint Rock" itself is a precipi- 
tous bluff, about 100 feet high, overhanging Tennes- 
see river, near its conjunction with the former stream, 
and has upon its face, sonic hieroglyphics, which 
seem to have been executed by a mighty Titanic or 
aboriginal artist, with red paint or other coloring 
matter. Tradition deciphers these to be the names 
of some noted Indian warriors. Prior to the rail- 
road, Paint Rock river afforded the only facility of 
mercantile transmission in the fertile valley through 
which it passes. 

The region is generally healthy, and occupied by 
substantial farmers, enthusiastic in the, progress of 
agriculture and .education. For magnificence of 
scenery and productiveness of soil, Paint Rock valley 
is chiefly celebrated, and fails not to affect, with pe- 
culiar force, the lover of Nature. 

Cotton yields abundantly, while the grains and 
cattle-raising command attention. 

One mile distant, in a mountain glade, and elevat- 
ed 800 feet, are some excellent springs ; affording 
pleasant retreats, and easy of access. Deer and other 
wild game offer inducements to the Nimrods of the 
vicinity. Three hundred children attend the neigh- 
boring- free schools. 

Business appertains wholly to the country about. 

WOODVILLE (Memphis., 238 miles— Stevenson, 



44 hunt's gazeteer of the 

33 miles) Depot, formerly called " Dilliard's," is 
three-fourths of a mile east of the village, which 
was founded in 1817, as the first capital of Jackson 
County, Alabama-. The establishment of the depot 
is fast undermining the old town, as in other similar 
instances. The depot is among the mountains, two 
miles east of Paint Rock river — the only stream of 
note within a scope of ten miles. 

The country is healthy, and produces the usual 
staples, with the addition of tobacco — attention be- 
ing also given to stock raising. Stone-coal exists in 
considerable quantities, and also limestone, which 
could bo mado valuable if quarried. 

The mountain sides abound in chalybeate and sul- 
phur springs — but unknown as places of particular 
resort. 

A few manufacturing mills operate in the neigh- 
borhood, for local business only. 

LAKKXN'S, (Memphis, 247 miles — Stevenson, 
24 miles,) formerly Larkinsville, is a village contain- 
ing about 200 souls, and situated in " Blue Spring 
Valley," amid tho Cumberland mountains. ■ It per- 
petuates the name of David Larkin, who was instru- 
mental in establishing a post-office hero in 1830. It 
has a good country trade, which maintains live dry- 
goods houses, two wholesalo groceries, and one drug- 
gist. Tho surrounding country yields cotton as the 
staple, but tho want of a good market has impeded 
very extensive cultivation. Tho planters have here- 
tofore become wealthy, mainly by increase of slave 
property. Recently experiments in tobacco culture 
have been very successful. Grey and blue limestone 
and sandstone abound, and oxides and sulphurets of 
iron are occasionally met with. 

Steam saw -mills aro numerous, and in the town is 
a small manufactory of wool aud thread. 

The conspicuous natural curiosity of this section 
is Santo Cavo, tho entranco to which is elevated up- 
on a mountain side, and rime into the depths there- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 45 

of to an unexplored distance — over several miles. 
Its immense arches, domes, natural excavations, &c,, 
strike the visitor with awe, and almost forbid de- 
scription. Large amounts of nitrate of potassa were 
once obtained from the earthy matter in this cave. 

BELLEFONTE (Memphis, 259 miles— Steven- 
son, 12 miles) Depot is located one and a half miles 
from the town, which derives its name from the ex 
istence of a beautiful fountain at the base of the hill 
on which it stands. It was laid out in 1820, upon 
an Indian (Cherokee) reservation, and being made 
the county seat, the public buildings were built and 
donated by the liberal founders. Indian mounds, 
floored with bricks, still exist about three miles dis- 
tant. The town is situated on an elevated table, be- 
ing midway between the railroad and Tennessee 
river, and contains 300 inhabitants. 

Sand Mountain extends along the opposite side of 
the river, and Cumberland Mountain borders on the 
town. The climate is deemed as healthy as that of 
Tennesseo Valley in general, though chills are preva- 
lent. The cove lands and river bottoms are of ex- 
ceeding fertility, and yield abundantly the usual 
staples — cotton, grains, &c. Numbers of cattle and 
also grazed in this section. 

On Sand Mountain, about five miles distant, is a 
summer resort, much frequented during the sickly 
seasons — not widely known, but of intrinsic merit.' 

The Bellefonte Masonic Female Institute, and the 
Bellefonto Male Academy, are both chartered insti- 
tutions. Tho town boasts ono newspaper and five 
dry-goods stores, embracing a capital of |G0,000. 

STEVENSON (Memphis, 271 miles— Chattanoo- 
ga, 38 miles, and to Nashville, 113 miles ; see Nash 
villo Railroad) perpetuates tho namo of its founder, 
Col. V. K. Stovonson, President of the Nashville am! 
Chattanooga Railroad, who laid out this depot in 
1852. Five miles distant is Coon Island, the site of 
Coon Town, an ancient Cherokee rendezvous. 



40 hunt's gazeteer oe the 

Stevenson is located at the base of a spur of Cum- 
berland mountains, two and a half miles from Ten- 
nessee river, and contains 300 of a population. The 
surrounding country is a clay soil, rather broken ; 
climate tolerably healthy, and the principal agricul- 
tural products are cotton, some grain, horses, cattle, 
mules and smaller stock. 

There is one steam circular saw and grist mill, 
four dry -goods houses, one drug-store and two hotels 

Stevenson being the intersecting point of the Mem- 
phis and Charleston and the Nashville and Chatta- 
nooga Railroads, must necessarily continue to be an 
important railway centre! The various influences 
concomitant to railway operations, and the usual 
expenditures of money at a place like this, must in 
time greatly redound to the advantage of the town. 

Among the natural curiosities in the vicinity is 
"Nickajack Cave," at which a bloody encounter is 
said to have occurred between the whites and Chero- 
kees. It has been explored for atveral miles, and 
abounds in matters interesting to visitors. 

The scenery about is rendered sublime by the 
presence of three extensive chains of mountains. 

Between Stevenson and Chattanooga the road 
passes along the banks of the Tennessee river, and 
the base of the Lookout Mountain, affording views 
picturesque, grand and beautiful. 

BRIDGEPORT, (Stevenson, 11 miles— Chatta 
nooga, 27 miles,) a post village of Cocke County, 
derives its name (like most of such towns) from its 
peculiar location — a bridging* point. 

SHELL MOUND, (Stevenson, 1? miles— Chat- 
tanooga, 21 miles.) so called from the great number 
of shells and fossils discovered here. The views 
both up and down flie river from this point are 
among the finest on the route 

WHITESIDE (Stevenson 25 miles— Chattanoo- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 47 

ga, 13 miles) borrows its name from James A. White- 
sides, Esq., a director of this road. 

LOOK OUT (Stevenson, 32 miles— Chattanooga, 
6 miles) obtains its name from one of the neighbor- 
ing mountains, among the most noted earth giants 
in America, which uplifts its majestic presence to a 
height of 2,400 feet above the Tennessee river at its 
base. The ascent to the summit is by a road four 
miles long, cut out of its. precipitous sides ; and when 
reached, the lover of nature is amply repaid for his 
pilgrimage thither. Here, standing on its summit, 
die tourist drinks a bracing air ; his eye wanders 
over a vast sea of forest and cultivated fields, until 
its vision is bounded by the mountains, fifty miles 
distant. The Tennessee meanders in graceful curves 
beneath his feet — -now lost to view, and then the 
glimmer of its waters breaks out again in the far 
distance. Awful precipices and mighty rocks are all 
around ; and looking from their dizzy heights, the 
rushing railway train, hastening along its appointed 
way, seems a child's toy, a mere plaything, amid the 
great realities of nature. 

"From 'the Point/ as it is called, (charmingly 
writes J. P. P., of Memphis,) the tourist's rapture- 
smitten eyes peer forth on a wondrous picture of 
plain, river, city, and farms, and farm-houses, woods 
and hills, and lofty far-distant mountain ranges, no 
words can portray, no pencil paint. At one sweep of 
the eye, frem west to east, six States, it is said, may 
be seen — Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia, North and 
South Carolina, and Virginia. Looking straight out 
from the pinnacled ' Point' towards the north, the 
eye is charmed, the heart filled, the soul intoxicated 
with a vision of loveliness and beauty as rare and- 
glorious as that which greeted Cortez and his bold 
followers when from the crest of the Cordilleras 
their ravished gaze first fell upon the lake-dotted 
palace-spangled, mountain-girdled valley of Mexico. 
To the left you behold the Racoon Mountain, one of 



48 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE 

the sentinels of that wild pass where the Tennessee 
madly breaks through the barriers of its mountain- 
home ; in front, the Cumberland chain, stretching 
grandly away towards the north ; to the right, in the 
near distance, the Chilhoweo range, sweeping around 
in graceful curves from south to north ; while above 
and beyond, majestically overtopping all, rise the 
distant Alleghanies, robed in hues- as ' deeply, dark- 
ly, beautifully blue/ as poet ever sang, or lover ever 
dreamed. Within these mountain ranges, and spread 
out at your feet like an illuminated chart, lies a vast, 
shield-shaped plain, diversified by wooded hills, 
sparkling* streams — the lovely Tennessee running 
through it from end to end, like a curled white rib- 
bon, garlanding its beauty — thread-like lines of rail- 
way, fair-lying farms, with speck-like cottages in 
their midst, and, in the centre, a gem of increasing 
splendor — the little city of Chattanooga. 

" It was from this ' Point' that the Indians were 
wont to descry the distant approach of the emigrant 
boats of the white men, and give notice to other In- 
dians, stationed below, to bo in readiness to attack 
them. History tells us of many a deed of blood and 
rapine performed in this vicinity. Not far from 
hence, on the river below, was fought the famous 
battle of Nickajack, in tho valley and near the cave 
of that namo. 

" There are many othor places of interest on and 
near tho Lookout. Among those are tho ' Rock 
City,' with regular streets, wo wero told, liko the 
veritable 'City of Rocks' (Nashville) itself; the 
' Elephant Rock,' a mighty boulder, flung from afar 
in somo brick-bat war of the Titans ; tho ' Bottomless 
Lake,' a beautiful sheet of limpid water, deeper, it 
is said, than plummet ever sounded ; the gushing 
' Leonora Spring/ and soveral waterfalls of surpass- 
ing beauty." 

While wo have apblimo mountain scenery — real, 
sparkling, bubbling springs and branches, and all 
that can please the eye, as well as invigorate the 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 49 

whole system, "by pure fresh air, etc.; why is it that 
our people will rush to the overcrowded fashionable 
resorts, watering-places and cities of tho north, every 
summer, by hundreds, when it would be so much, 
more healthy, pleasant and comfortable near at 
home ? 



50 HUNT'S GAZETEER OP THE 

J. JO. WALKER, D. S. McKERNAN, 

Late Major 2d Ind. Cavalry. Indianapolis, lad. 

WALKER & McEERNAN, 

mtmm mm mnn, 

GIVE PROMPT ATTENTION TO. THE 

(fojliuiiM 0f Claims against t|e (SotottumiL 

QUARTER-MASTERS' ACCOUNTS, 

Fay for Horses and other Property lost while 
in the Service. 

OFFICERS A! SOLDIERS BACK PAY 

BOUNTIES AND PENSIONS COLLECTED. 

We 7iave cm Office at Washington^ inn 1 also 6m 
at Indianoypolis. 

Office, No. 41 Cherry-St, South Side. 

Box 22. Enclose a Stamp 
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 

REFERENCES*: 

Governor Andrew Johnson, Tennessee 
< i ( ) vernor MqRT< >N, Indiana. 
General Ditmont, 
Adjutant-General Noble, Indiana. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 



WESTEEN & ATLANTIC BAILROAD. 



See Index for It, H. Singleton. 



CHATTANOOGA, (Memphis, 309 miles— Nash- 
ville,.151 miles — Charleston, 446 miles — Savannah, 
432 miles — and Knoxville, 120 miles.) Embosomed 
amid fair woods and hills, and watched over by 
the lofty " Lookout," and also lovingly girdled by 
the beautiful and swift-running Tennessee river, 
lies Chattanooga — the old "Ross Landing" of the 
early Indian times, when the Cherokee was lord 
ot the soil, and 'played the brigand and assassin at 
all the passes of his mountain domain. It is the 
eastern terminus of the Nashville and Chattanooga 
Railroad, and point of connection with the railway 
system of Georgia, The town was laid out in 1839, 
and is now said to contain a population of about 
4,000. 

The facilities afforded by the uninterrupted navi- 
gation of the river at all seasons, has contributed 
immensely to the growth of Chattanooga, and- made 
it a conspicuous shipping point' for. East and Middle 
Tennessee.. In addition to its merchandising, the 
place contains various industrial establishments, 
among which is an extensive car and locomotive fac- 
tory, and two steam slaughter-houses — where as 
many as 125,000 hogs have been killed in one year. 
Two banks, two newspapers, a distillery, and three 
hotels. 

Operations have been commenced for the manufac- 
ture of iron, based upon the deposites of stone-coal 
and iron ore contained in the surrounding mountain. 



52 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE 

The region being also liberally supplied with timber 
and water-power, creates an active trade in lumber. 
Many handsome residences adorn tho place, and in 
the environs numerous sites, eligible and beautiful, 
are about to be occupied. 

The Chattanooga and Cleveland Railroad, intended 
to form a cut-off to the present route, via Dalton, will 
be completed this year. 

Leaving Chattanooga, the traveler enters upon the 
most important artery in Georgia's line of internal 
•improvements — a work completed in 1849, owned 
and managod by the State — and (at present) the sole 
connection between the railway systems of Tennes- 
see and the South Atlantic border. Georgia has 
taken the lead of the Southern States in the number 
and extent of her railways, thereby not only con- 
necting her commercial centres with her important 
interior towns, but with those of all her neighboring 
States. 

BOICE (Chattanooga, 5 miles — Atlanta, 133 miles) 
is situated in Hamilton County, Tennessee. It is 
said, that within tho first thirty miles distance on 
this road, the Chickamauga creek is crossed eighteen 
times. This depot is on tho plantation of Kerr 
Boyce, Esq., a gentleman much interested in the 
grape culture, and who has about twenty acres of the 
Catawba vine growing here. 

Between Boice and Chickamauga stations the new 
Cleveland and Chattanooga Railroad line crosses the 
Western and Atlantic, 

CHICKAMAUGA, (Chattanooga, 10 miles- 
All aula, V2$ miles,) named after Chickamauga creek, 
which rises in Walker County, Georgia, and flows 
into the Tennessee river, near Chattanooga. Popu- 
lation, 250. The Indian word Chickamauga signifies 
" very crooked," and as applied to the serpentine 
course of this creek, will be deemed very appropri- 
ate 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 06 

JOHNSON (Chattanooga, 18 miles— Atlanta, 120 
miles) is tho first station arrived at after crossing the 
Georgia line, and is named after Herschel V. John 
son, Ex-Governor of the State. It is located in the 
northeastern corner of Walker County — a district 
abounding in minerals, various known watering 
places, and magnificent mountain scenery. 

RINGGOLD, (Chattanooga, 23 miles— Atlanta, 
115 miles,) named in honor of the gallant warrior who 
fell in Mexico, is situated in a romantic part of 
Walker County, and bids fair to become one of the 
most flourishing towns in Cherokee Georgia. Great 
quantities of lead have been found near Ringgold, 
and also a bed of gypsum. 

The houses are built mostly of brick ; the depot 
building is of stone, and a good structure — as are the 
majority of tho depot-houses on this road. Popula- 
tion, 1,200. 

Two and a-half miles below Ringgold, a station 
has recently been established in order to afford more 
direct access to the celebrated " Catoosa Springs," 
which are located but two miles from this point. 

TUNNEL HILL (Chattanooga, 31 miles— Atlan- 
ta, 107 miles) stands in Murray County, where the 
mountains seem to como together, forming a very 
pretty amphitheatre, as though with a Titanic pur- 
pose of hemming in tho railroad. The tunnel at this 
place is 1,477 feet long, 18 feet high, and with a clear 
width of 13 feet. It is cut, in a great measure, 
through solid rock ; the lateral walls of rock being 
six feet thick at the base, and five feet at' tho top. — 
The apx^roaches to the tunnel are protected on both 
sides by massive masonry. 

A tourist writes, that." coming out on tho other 
side of the mountains, from thence on to Atlanta, a 
distance of one hundred miles, tho road passes 
through a rather poor section of Georgia ; and there 
is little of interest to the traveler, except hero and 
there a pretty town, or the crossing of the river 



54 hunt's oazeteeb, op the 

over a high and well built bridge, which we could 
not but admire for beauty and simplicity, as well as 
durability of their structure.". 

Passengers- for " Gordon Springs" stop off at- this 
place. 

BALTOH (Chattanooga, 38 miles— Atlanta. 100 
— Ivnoxville, 110 miles, on a road that runs via Cleve- 
land) obtains its present name from Tristam Dalton, 
an eminent New England merchant — its original 
name being. " Cross Plains." It' is the capital of 
Whitfield County, and was laid out in 1S4G. Its lo- 
cation is in a beautiful and fertile valley, environed 
by mountains, from the summits of which the eye is 
regaled with the grandest scenery. 

The surrounding counties ship large quantities of 
grain and produce from this point. The Germans 
residing about Dalton have succeeded well in the 
grape culture, and manufacture a quality of wine 
said to be unsurpassed by the foreign brands. One 
individual has manufactured as much as two thou- 
sand gallons from a single crop. 

The Soil of the vicinity is limestone, producing 
wheat and corn as the staples, and reported to be the 
best wheat land in Georgia. 

The population is over 2.000, and increasing, owing 
to its railroad importance. The place contains all 
1 he essentials in the way of trade and the mechanic 
arts, with (as a correspondent writes) " no scarcity of 
professional men — lawyers and doctors in abund 
ance." 

A good steam lumber and flour mill, an extensive 
foundry, three churches, a Presbyterian Female ( !ol- 
Lege, several excellent schools, newspaper, courl 
bouse, jail, &c, arc also contained in the place. The 
railroad depot, building here is 200 feet long by 40 
wide. Tt is handsomely ornamented, and a work 
creditable to the State. Cost, $15,000. 

Gordon Springs are 12 miles distant, Catoo_„ 



BORDER x\.ND SOUTHERN STATES, 55 

Springs, 17 miles, and the celebrated Cohutta Springs, 
22 miles — all places of great resort in summer 

At Dalton, the tourist to the North is offered a 
choice of routes — by continuous railway through 
Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina to Rich- 
mond, or by the Great Southern Line, through East 
Tennessee and Virginia, opening a most desirable, 
attractive and healthy route, with unsurpassed 
beauty of picturesque mountain scenery, to Lynch- 
burg, Richmond, all of the celebrated Virginia 
springs, and Washington City. 

TILTON, (Chattanooga, 47 miles— Atlanta, 91 
miles,) a x>ost village of Murray County, Georgia, on 
the Western Atlantic Railroad, nine miles from 
Dalton. 

K.ESECA, (Chattanooga, 56 miles— Atlanta, 84 
miles,) a station on the Western and Atlantic Rail- 
road. 

CALHOTJN, (Chattanooga, 60 miles — Atlanta, 
78 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of Gordon 
County, Georgia, on the Western and Atlantic Rail- 
road. It is surrounded by a rich, well-cultivated 
country, and is an important depot for produce. — 
Population about 600. 

ADAIRVILLE, (Chattanooga, 69 miles— Atlan- 
ta, 69 miles,) a thriving post village of Cass County, 
Georgia, on the Western and Atlantic Railroad. It 
is situated in the midst of a fine farming region, 156 
miles N. W. of Milledgeville. 

KINGSTON, (Chattanooga, 79 miles -r- Atlanta, 
59 miles,) a post village of Cass County, Georgia — 
is situated on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, at 
its junction with the Rome Branch Railroad. A 
large quantity of limo is burnt here, and large quan- 
tities of cotton shipped here, not in 1862. Rome is 
20 miles from this place ; it is a nourishing city — 
county seat of Floyd County, on the conlluencc of 



56 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THB 

the Etowah and Oostenaula, which forme the Coasa 
river, 170 miles N. W. of Milledgeville. 

It is situated on several hills which command an 
extensive View of mountain scenery. Steamboats 
run up from Mobile to Rome. About 20,000 bales of 
cotton are shipped here annually. Romo was chosen 
as the county seat in 1834, and incorporated as a 
city in 1847. There is two rolling-mills and two 
powder-mills at this place. 

CASSVXLLE, (Chattanooga, 86 miles— Atlanta, 
52 miles,) a thriving post village ; capital of Cass 
County, Georgia. Is situated two miles from the 
Western and Atlantic Railroad, and 150 miles N. W. 
from Milledgeville. It is surrounded by a fertile 
farming region, which contains rich mines of iron 
ore and marble quarries. 

In the vicinity are several fine springs, and about 
10 miles S. E. are Roland's Springs — a place of fa- 
shionable resort. Cassville contains three churches, 
two hotels, several schools, and a newspaper office. 

CAHTEBSVILLE, (Chattanooga, 91 miles- 
Atlanta, 47 miles,) a thriving post village of Cass 
County, Georgia, on tho Atlantic and Western Rail- 
road, two miles from tho Etowah river, and 143 
miles N. W. of Milledgoville. 

ALX.ATOONA, (Chattanooga, 98 miles— Atlan- 
ta, 40 miles,) a post village of Cass County, Georgia, 
on tho Western and Atlantic Railroad, 130 miles N. 
W. of Milledgevillo. 

ACWOK.TH, (Chattanooga, 103 miles— Atlanta, 
35 miles,) a post village of Cobb County, Georgia, 
situated on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, 12 
miles N. W. of Marietta. Population, about 200. 

MARIETTA, (Chattanooga, 118 miles— Atlanta, 
20 miles,) a flourishing and handsome post village ; 
capital of Cobb County, Georgia ; is situated on the 
Western and Atlantic Railroad. The site of this 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 57 

village is higher than that of any other on this road ■ 
it is surrounded by a rich farming and mining re- 
gion. It contains the American State Military Aca- 
demy, four churches, and three newspaper offices. — 
Two and a half miles from Marietta is Kenesaw 
Mountain, which is 1,828 feet above the level of the 
sea, and affords an extensive and beautiful view. 

VINIHGS, (Chattanooga, 180 miles— Atlanta. 8 
miles,) flag station. 



GEORGIA RAILROAD, 



ATLANTA, (171 miles from Augusta,) a flour- 
ishing city of De Kalb County, Georgia ; is situated 
about seven miles S. E. of the Chattahoochee., river, 
and on tho line of railroads leading from Savannah 
to Chattanooga, and Nashville, Tennessoo ; 101 miles 
N. W. of Macon ; 171 miles west of Augusta, and 
291 miles from Nashville. The situation is elevated 
and remarkably healthful. Four of the principal 
railroads of the State terminate here, and renders it 
a place of great activity in business, and a depot for 
the cotton and grain of several adjoining counties. — 
The Georgia Railroad extends from Atlanta to Au- 
gusta ; the Macon and Western Railroad to tho city 
of Macon ; the Atlantic and Western Railroad leads 
to Chattanooga, Tennessee ; and tho La Grange Rail- 
road connects Atlanta with West Point, — 72 miles 
distant. 

Atlanta was laid out in 1845, and in 1847 was in- 
corporated as a city. It has six churches, six schools, 



58 hunt's gazeteer oe the 

JOHN H. GREEN, 

UNITED STATES 

MILITARY CLAIM AGENCY 

QUARTER-MASTERS' VOUCHERS, 

AND ALL KINDS OF 

OFFICERS' AND SOLDIERS' CLAIMS 

For Horses and Property Lost in the United States 

Service Collected. 

RESIGNED OFFIOEES PAY ACCOUNTS 

COLLECTED OK CASHED 



FOR WIDOWS PARENTS OR IIEIRS AND DISABLED SOLDIERS 



BOUNTY PROCURED 

For Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates, who 
"have boon in the Service for Two full Years 



OFFICE : 

No. 40i CHERRY STREET, 

NASHVILLE, TENN. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 59 

two.newspaper offices arid a bank. Population, about 
6,000. 

DECATUR, (Atlanta, 6 miles— Augusta, 165 
miles,) a handsome and thriving- post village ; capi- 
tal of De Kalb County, Georgia, on the Georgia Rail- 
road. The situation is said to be one of the most 
healthful, beautiful and agreeable* that can be found 
on any of the great thoroughfares of the South. It 
contains two seminaries. Population, 850. 

STONE MOUNTAIN", (Atlanta, 15 miles — 
Augusta, 156 miles,) a post village of De Kalb Coun- 
ty, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. At this place 
is an isolated, dome-shaped granite rock, which is 
visited annually by several thousand persons, and. is 
considered as one of the most magnificent natural 
objects in the State. The height is nearly 2,200 feet 
above the sea. A tower, 180 feet, high has been 
erected on the summit, commanding a prospect of 
great extent, and picturesque and beautiful. 

The village contains four hotels, and about five 
hundred inhabitants. 

From here a turnpike leads to Chattanooga, pass- 
ing through Lawrenceville — 15 miles to Camming, 
22 miles to High Tower, 10 miles to Spring Place, 
45 miles to Cleveland, Tenn., 25 miles to Limetown, 
10 miles to Dallas, — crossing the Tennessee river, — 
21 miles to Cheeksville, 10 miles to Jasper, and 22 
miles to Chattanooga. 

LITHONIA, ( Atlanta, 24 miles— Augusta, 147 
miles,) a village of De Kalb County, Georgia, on the 
Georgia Railroad. ' Population, about 300. 

GOUGEH'S, (Atlanta, 80 miles — Augusta, 141 
miles.) a p<»st village of- Newton County, Georgia, . 
on the Georgia Railroad. 

COVINGTON, (Atlanta, 41 miles— Augusta, 130 
miles,) a post village: capital of Newton County. 
Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. 



60 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE 

SOCIAL CIBCLE, (Atlanta, 51 miles— Augus- 
ta, 120 miles,) a thriving post village of Walton 
County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad. It is a 
depot for the produce of the county 

BUTLEDGE, (Atlanta, 60 miles— Augusta, 112 
miles,) a flag station on the Georgia Railroad. 

MADISON, (Atlanta 67 miles — Augusta, 1.04 
miles,) a flourishing post village ; capital of Morgan 
County, Georgia> on the Georgia Railroad, 43 miles 
N. N. W. of Milledgeville. It has a pleasant and 
healthy situation, surrounded by a beautiful and fer- 
tile country. This place has long been noted for its 
excellent schools, and is a business place of some im- 
portance. From 25 to 30,000 bales of cotton are re- 
ceived here annually. The resident population is 
about 1,800. 

There are four turnpikes leading as follows : to 
Athens 35 miles, N. E., to t Lawrenceville, N. W., 40 
miles to Barnesville, ou the Macon and Western 
Railroad, S. E., 50 miles, and to Eaton 15 miles. 

BUCK-HEAD, (Atlanta, 15 miles— Augusta, 92 
miles,) a village of Morgan County, Georgia, on the 
Georgia Railroad. 

OCONEE, (Atlanta, 80 miles— Augusta, 88 miles.) 
a flag station on the Georgia Railroad. 

GK.EENSBOROUGH, (Atlanta, 87 miles- Au- 
gusta, 84 miles,) a post village ; capital of Green 
County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad, 40 miles 
north of Milledgeville. It contains several elegant 
buildings, among which is the new Court House. 

UNION POINT, (Atlanta, 106 miles— Augusta, 
76 miles,) a post village of Green County, Georgia, 
on the Georgia Railroad : at its junction with The 
Athens branch, 48 miles N. E. of Milledgeville. 

CBAWFOUDSVILLE, (Atlanta, 95 miles — 
Augusta, 65 miles,) a post village; capital of Talia- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATER 61 

ferra County, Georgia, on the Georgia Railroad, 45 
miles N. N. E. of Milledgeville. 

CUMMXNG, (Atlanta, 114 miles— Augusta, 57 
miles,) a post village of Warren County, Georgia, on 
the Georgia Railroad. 

, OAMAK, (Atlanta, 124 miles— Augusta, 47 miles,) 
a village of Warren County, Georgia, on the Geor- 
gia Railroad, at the junction of the Warrenton 
branch. 

THOMPSON, (Atlanta, 133 miles— Augusta, 38 
miles,) a post village of Columbia County, Georgia, 
on the Georgia Railroad. 

DEARING, (Atlanta, 142 miles— Augusta, 29 
miles,) a flag station on the Georgia Railroad. 

BERZELIA, (Atlanta, 150 miles— Augusta, 21 
miles,) a post village of Columbia County, Georgia, 
on the Georgia Railroad, 

BLAIR, (Atlanta, 160 miles— Augusta, 11 miles,) 
a post village of Richmond County, on the Georgia 
Railroad. 



-•♦* 



SOUTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. 



AUGUSTA, (Atlanta, 171 miles,) a handsome 
city, and capital of Richmond County, Georgia, on 
the Savannah river, 231 miles from its mouth. There 
is a regular line of steamboats running to Savannah, 
and small steamers run 150 miles above Augusta. — 



02 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE 

Major S. MERRILL, C. W. MOORES. 

70tli Iiuliana, 

MERRILL &, GO. 

KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND ALL THE 

MILITARY TEXT BOOKS 

. FOR 

INFANTRY, CAVALRY AND ARTILLERY, 

AND A VERY LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 

MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, 

In every Department of Literature. 

ALSO, 

Of all kinds by Wholesale or Retail, 



WE HAVE IN PREPARATION 

A HISTORY OF EVERY IPIAM REGIMEUfT, 

In numbers: with iSteel Portraits, First number 
nearly ready. Information solicited from Officers 

or Privates. Address, 

MERRILL & CO.. 
Publishers and Booksellers, 
INDIANAPOLIS. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 63 

A bridge across the river connects the city with 
Hamburgh, South Carolina. 

HAMBUEGH, (Augusta, 1 mile— Charleston, 
136,) a thriving village on the Savannah river, oppo- 
site Augusta terminus of the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

MARSH'S, (Augusta, 9 miles— Charleston, 128 
niiles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

GRANITE VILLE, (Augusta, 11 miles— Char- 
leston, 126 miles,) a thriving post village of South 
Carolina, on the South Carolina Railroad. The situ- 
ation is remarkably beautiful. A creek flowing 
through the place furnishes excellent water power, 
which is used in the manufacture of cotton. 

AIKEN, (Augusta, 17 miles — Charleston; 120 
miles,) a flag station .on the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

JOHNSON'S, (Augusta, 22 miles— Charleston, 
115 miles,) a post village on the South Carolina Rail 
road. 

110 M. T., (Augusta, 27 miles— Charleston, 110 
miles,), a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

WINDSOR, (Augusta, 30 miles— Charleston, 107 
miles,) a post village on the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

WHITE POND, (Augusta, 34 miles— Charles- 
ton, 103 miles,) a flag station on the-South Carolina 
Railroad. 

WILLISTON, (Augusta, 38 miles— Charleston, 
99 miles,) a post village of Barnwell District, South 
Carolina, on the South Carolina Railroad, 

NINETY-SIX, (Augusta, 41 miles— Charleston, 



64 hunt's gazeteer op the 

96 miles,) a post village of Abbeville District, on tlie 
South Carolina Railroad. 

BLACKVILLE, (Augusta, 47 miles— Charleston, 
90 miles,) a small post village of Barnwell District, 
on the South Carolina Railroad. 

LEE'S, T. O., (Augusta, 51 miles— Charleston, 86 
miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

GRAHAM'S, (Augusta, 56 miles— Charleston, 81 
miles,) a small post village on the South Carolina 
Railroad. 

LOWRY'S, (Augusta, 61 miles— Charleston, 76 
miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Railroad. 

MIDWAY, (Augusta, 65 miles— Charleston, 72 
miles,) a post village of Barnwell District, South Ca- 
rolina, on the South Carolina Railroad. 

EDISTO, (Augusta, 70 miles — Charleston, 67 
miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Railroad. 

BRANCHVILLE, (Augusta, 75 miios— Charles- 
ton, 62 miles,) a post village of Orangeburgh Dis- 
trict, S. C, on the South Carolina Railroad. 

REEVES, (Augusta, 85 miles — Charleston, 02 
miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

GEORGE'S, (Augusta, 89 miles— Charleston, 48 
miles,) a flag station <>n the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

FORTY-ONE, (Augusta, 96 miles— Charleston, 
41 miles,) a flag station on tho South Carolina Rail 
road. 

INABINETT'S, (Augusta, 101 miles— Charles- 
ton, 33 miles,) a post village on the South Carolina 
Railroad. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 65 

BIDGEVILLS, (Augusta, 106 miles— Charles- 
ton, 31 miles,) a post village of Colleton District, S. 
C, on the South Carolina Railroad. 

SUMMERVILLE, (Augusta, 115 miles— Char- 
leston, 22 miles,) a post village on the South Caro- 
lina Railroad. 

LARSON'S, (Augusta, 120 miles— Charleston, 17 
miles,) a flag station on the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

SINEATH'S, (Augusta, 124 miles— Charleston - 
13 miles,) a post village on the South Carolina Rail- 
road. 

FIVE MILE, T. O., (Augusta, 132 miles- 
Charleston, 5 miles.) 

CHARLESTON, (137 miles from Augusta,) a 
port of entry, and the largest city of South Carolina. 
Is situated on a tongue of land between Ashley and 
Cooper rivers, which unite immediately below the 
city, and forms a spacious harbor, communicating 
with the ocean at Sullivan's Island, seven miles be- 
low. The ground on which the city is built is ele- 
vated eight or nine feet above the level of the harbor 
at high tide, which rises about sis feet, flowing by 
the city with a strong current — thus contributing to 
its salubrity. 

A sand bar extends across the mouth of the harbor, 
affording, however, two entrances, of which the deep- 
est — near Sullivan's Island — has 1G feet of water at 
low tide. The harbor is defended by Fort Pinckney 
and Fort Johnson, also by Fort Moultrie, on Sulli- 
van's Island, and Fort Sumter, near the main chan- 
nel. These two last named forts are now invested 
by General Gillmore, and Sumter is, to all appear- 
ance, a mass of ruins. A great secesh meeting held 
here November 17, 18G0. 



66 HUNT'S GAZETEER OF THE 



OHAELESTON AND SAVANNAH 
EAILEOAD. 



JACKSONBOK.O', (Charleston, 30 miles— Sa- 
vannah, 74 miles,) a post village on the Charleston 
and Savannah Railroad. 

GHAHAMSVILLE, (Charleston, 70 miles — 
Savannah, 34 miles,) a post village in Beaufort Dis- 
trict, S. C., 120 miles south of Columbia, on the 
Charleston and Savannah Railroad. 

SAVANHAH HIVEB, (Charleston, 89 miles 
— Savannah, 15 miles,) a station on the Charleston 
and Savannah Railroad. 

SAVANNAH, (104 miles from Charlerton, S. C) 
a flourishing city and port of entry of Georgia, and 
the largest commercial city of the State, and is situ- 
ated on the right bank of the Savannah river, 18 
miles from its mouth. It is the terminus of the 
Charleston and Savannah Railroad. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 



GREEN & GREEN, 



i 



1 



UFRS 



AND 



Gents Furnishing Goods 

MILITARY GAPS 

MADE TO OEDEE. 

mimm mmimm eooos, 

WOOLEN, LINEN AND COTTON 






MADE TO OEBER. 



Louisville, Kentucky, 
Cor. MAIN & FOURTH STREETS, 

Nashville, Tennessee, 
No. 43 COLLEGE STREET. 



68 hunt's gazeteer of the 



MACON AND WESTEEN EAXLEOAD, 



EAST POINT, (Atlanta, 6 miles — Macon, 97 
miles,) a post village of De Kalb County, Georgia. 

BOUGH AND HEADY, (Atlanta, 11 miles— 
Macon, 92 miles,) a post village of Fayette County, 
Georgia. 

JONESBOBO', (Atlanta, 22 miles— Macon, 81 
miles,) a thriving post village of Fayette County, 
Georgia. It is a depot for cotton. 

IiOlTE JOY'S, (Atlanta, 26 miles— Macon, 74 
miles,) a flag station. 

FAYETTE, (Atlanta, 36 miles— Macon, 67 miles. 
a flag station. 

CBIFEIN, (Atlanta, 43 miles— Macon, 60 miles,) 
a flourishing town of Pike County, Georgia. The 
situation is healthy, and the water good. Griffin is 
noted for the prevalence of its good order and tem- 
perance, for the excellence of its schools, and for the 
activity of its trade. Nearly 50,000 bales of cotton 
are received here annually. 

Many of the stores and dwellings are spacious 
brick buildings. It contains three or four churches, 
and five large warehouses. Laid out in 1840. Popu- 
lation, 4,200. 

A turnpike runs from this place in a northeasterly 
direction, to McDonough, 20 miles, which intersects 
the pike running from < ovington, on the Atlanta 
and Charleston Railroad, to Newman, M. and A. B. 
R. ; from McDonough to Covington, 30 miles ; to 
Newman, 55 miles. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 69 

THORNTON'S, (Atlanta, 47 miles— Macon, 54 
miles,) a flag station. 

MXLNEB'S, (Atlanta, 54 miles— Macon, 49 miles,) 
a post village' of Pike County, Georgia. 

BARNESVILLE, (Atlanta, 61 miles— Macon, 43 
miles,) a thriving post village of Pike County, Geor- 
gia. The village does an active business in cotton, 
and contains a church and five stores. The Thomas- 
ton branch intersects here. 

GOGGIN'S, (Atlanta, 66 miles— Macon, 37 miles,) 
a flag station. 

COLLIER'S, (Atlanta, 71 miles— Macon, 32 miles,) 
a thriving post village. 

FORSYTH, (Atlanta, 77 miles— Macon, 26 miles,) 
a thriving post village ; capital of Monroe County, 
Georgia. It has a brick Court House, three churches, 
two schools, a newspaper office and two hotels. 

Population, 700. 

SMARR'S, (Atlanta, 82 miles— Macon, 21 miles,) 
a flag station. 

CRAY/FORD'S, (Atlanta, 88 miles— Macon, 15 
miles,) a post village. 

A turnpike runs from Madison on the A. and C. 
R. E. to Monticello, a distance of 20 miles ; thence 30 
miles to Barnesville ; thence five miles to Union 
Hill ; thence three miles to Thomaston ; thence 15 
miles to Pleasant Hill ; thence 10 miles to Belle vien ; 
thence 25 miles to Ellerslie ; thence 15 miles to Co- 
lumbus, on the Macon and Columbus Railroad. 

A turnpike runs from Macon, 15 miles, to Clinton 
County seat of Jones County ; thence 35 miles to 
Eatonton ; thence 20 miles to Madison. A turnpike 
runs from Macon, 35 miles, to Thomaston. A turn- 
pike runs from Macon, 25 miles, to Knoxville, the 
county seat of Crawford County ; thence 20 miles to 
Daviston ; thence 12 miles to tallbotton ; thence 20 
miles to Ellerslie. 



70 HUNT'S GAZETEER OP THE 

WAR MAPS 

REVISED TO TMS LATEST MOMENT, 

FOR SALE BY 

157 Main Street^ Cincinnati. 

UNITED STATES— Lloyd's in sheet, price 50c. 
in pocket case,.$l. 

SOUTHERN STATES-Cofton's, in sheet, price 
$1 ; in pocket case, $1 50, (colored in counties.) 

SOUTHERN STATES— Lloyd's, in sheet, price 
50c. ; in pocket case, $1. 

SOUTHERN STATES-Rlendenhali's, (smaller 
scale than above,) in pocket case, 60c. 

ARKANSAS, MISSISSIPPI AND LQUISIANA- 
Mendenhall's, in pocket case, 50c. 

KENTUCKY— MendenhalFs in pocket case, 50c. 

TENNESSEE- " " 50c. 

KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE — Colton's, in 
sheet, 40c. ; in pocket case, 60c. 
KENTUCKY— LI 3yds, sheet, 50c, pocket case, s ( 
TENNESSEE- " " 50 " $1 

VIRGINIA- " " 50 " $1 

MISS. RIVER- " " $1 " $1 50 

PERRINE'S Cheap Pocket Map of the Souihern 
States, 25c. 

ASHER'S Historical Map of the same, 25c. 
Any of the above sent by mail by 
E. MENDENHALL,157Main-St., Cincinnati. 

Maps of all kinds constantly on hand. 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES; 71 



GEOBGIA CENTRAL BAILBOAD, 



MACON, a flourishing city ; capital of Bibb 
County, Georgia. Is situated on both sides of the 
Ocmulgee river, where it is crossed by the Central 
Railroad, 191 miles W. N. W. of Savannah ; 100 
miles S. E. of Atlanta, and 80 miles S. W. of Mil- 
ledgeville. The Macon and "Western Road connects 
with the Central Road at tins' place, which is also 
the terminus of the South Western Railroad, leading 
to Oglethorpe. 

Macon is the third city of the State in population 
and importance, and is the centre of an active trade. 
Steamboats can ascend the river as high as this 
place, which is the head of navigation. The city 
contains a commodious Court House, a market house, 
seven churches, four banks, one academy, and the 
Georgia Female College. A bridge, about 880 feet 
long, connects the opposite banks of the river. — 
Population, about 10,000. 

GE-ISWOLDVILLE, (Macon, 9 miles— Savan- 
nah, 182 miles,) a post village. 

GOB.DON, (Macon, 20 miles — Savannah, 171 
miles,) a thriving post village, at the junction of the 
Milledgevillo Railroad. Large quantities of cotton 
are exported from this place. It has six drygoods 
stores, and does an extensive grocery business. Laid 
out-in 1843, 

KINGSTON, (Macon, [31 miles— Savannah, 100 
miles.) a flag station, 



72 HUNT'S gazEteek of the 

EMMETT, (Macon, 38 miles —Savannah, 153 
miles,) a post village. 

OCONEE, (Macon, 45 miles — Savannah, 146 
miles,) a flag station. 

TENNVILLE, (Macon, 55 miles— Savannah, 136 
miles,) a post village. 

DAVISBOHO, (Macon, 68 miles— Savannah, 123 
miles,) a flag station. 

SPEIRS' TURNOUT, (Macon, 79 miles— Sa-. 
vannah, 112 miles,) a post village. 

HOLCGMB, (Macon, 91 miles— Savannah. 100 
miles,) a post village. 

MIDVILLE, (Macon, 87 miles— Savannah, 91 
miles,) a flag station. 

BXEDSVILLE, (Macon, 101 miles— Savannah, 
90 miles,) a small post village. 

GUSHING VILLE, (Macon, 108 miles— Savan- 
nah, 83 miles,) a flag station. 

MILLER, (Macon, 112 miles —Savannah, 79 
miles,) a post village. 

SCARBOIiO, (Macon, 120 miles— Savannah, 71 
miles,) a flag station. 

QGEEHEE, (Macon, 129 miles— Savannah, 62 
miles,) a post village. 

HAIiCYONDALE, (Macon, 141 miles— Savan- 
nah, 50 miles,)' a flag station. 

ARMENIA, (Macon, 145 miles — Savannah, 46 
miles,) a post village. 

EGYPT, (Macon, 151 miles — Savannah ,40 miles.) 
a flag station. 

GUITON, (Macon, 161 miles — Savannah. 30 miles.) 
a post office. * 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 73 

EDEN, (Macon, 171 miles — Savannah, 20 miles,) 
a flag station. 

SAVANNAH, (from Macon, 191 miles,) a flour- 
ishing city, and port of entry of Georgia ; capital of 
Chatham County, and the largest and most commer- 
cial town of the State. Is situated on the right "bank 
of the Savannah river, 18 miles from its mouth, 90 
miles W. S. W. of Charleston, and 188 miles E. S. E. 
of Milledgeville. 

The site of the city is a sandy plain, elevated about 
' 40 feet above low water mark. There are 24 public 
squares — one at every other other corner — usually 
circular or oval in shape. Among the public build- 
ings are the City Exchange, theatre, court house, 
jail. State arsenal, artillery armory, Lyceum, Ogle- 
thorpe Hall, St. Andrew's Hall, market-house, Chat- 
ham Academy, and the new Custom House. The 
latter is 110 feet long and 52 feet wide, and is built 
of granite. 

Savannah is the centre of a very extensive system 
of railroads, among which may be mentioned the 
Central Railroad, Waynesboro and Augusta Rail- 
road, Milledgeville and Eaton Railroad, South West- 
' em Railroad, Muscogee Railroad, &c. The commerce 
is flourishing. 

The harbor is one of the best on the southern 
coast, and the river is navigable to Augusta, 230 
miles from its mouth. Vessels of 14 feet draught 
can come up to the wharves, and those of larger 
size to Five Fathom Hole, three miles below the 
city. 



74 



UVWCti GAZEEBER OF THE 



3. M. HOPKINS, 

AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 

FANCY GROCERIES 

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<Scc, &c, <Scc. 



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No. 426 MAIN STREET, 

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BOBPEB AND SOUTHERN STATES, 75 



TURNPIKES 



A turnpike extends from Macon to Marion, a dis- 
tance of 12 miles ; thence, 20 miles, to Dublin. 

A turnpike runs from Gordonsville to Marion, 10 
miles ; thence, 9 miles, to Garversville ; thence, 10 
miles, to Hartford, where it reaches the Ocmulgee 
river, which it follows to Darien, near the coast. 

A turnpike runs from Tennille three miles, to 
Sandersville ; thence, 20 miles, to Milledgeville. 

A turnpike runs from Tennille, 15 miles, to Buck 
eye ; thence, nine miles, to Dublin, where it reaches 
the Oconee river. 

A turnpike extends from Davisboro, six miles, to 
Louisville ; thence, eight miles, to Hudsonville ; 
thence, 20 miles, to Augusta. Also, a branch from 
Louisville, 20 miles, to St. Clair ; thence, 12 miles, to 
Waynesboro, where it reaches the railroad. (See 8. 
and A. M. JZ.) 

A turnpike runs from Eeform, eight miles, to 
Springfield ; thence to Jacksonboro — a post village 
of Scriven County, on the Beaver Dam Creek — about 
55 miles S. S. E. of Augusta. It was formerly the 
county seat of Scriven County. 

A turnpike extends from Savannah, 80 miles, to 
Grahanisville ; thence, 12 miles to Pocotaligo ; thence, 
13 miles, to Bluehouse ; thence, 10 miles, to Walter-, 
boro ; thence, nine miles, to Red Bank ; thence, eight 
miles to St. George's Station, on Charleston and Au- 
gusta Eailroad. (See Railroad) 

Also, a branch extends from Bluehouse, 14 miles, 
to Jacksonville ; thence, 34 miles, to Charleston. 

A turnpike extends from Savannah, 18 miles, to 
Old Court House ; thence, 18 miles, to Biceboro ; 
thence, 13 miles, to Newport ; thence, 15 miles to 
Darien. 



76 hunt's gazeteer op -the 

JOHN P. HUNT'S 

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'I'h.ey are "Wax-ranted.. 

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THE CONSTITUTION 

OP THE 

UNITED STATES 

AND THE 

DECLARATION OF IIDEfXHIIGl 

IN NEAT PAMPHLET FORM, 

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Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of Seven Cents. 
A liberal discount to dealers. 

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Masonic Ha!!, 5th St., Pittsburg, 'Pa. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 77 

VICKSBURGH AND MONTGOMERY 
RAILROAD, 



VICKSBURGH, (Jackson, 46 miles,) the capital 
of Warren County, Miss., lies on the western decliv- 
ity of Walnut Hills, about 400 miles (by river) from 
New Orleans. It was laid out, in 1824, by Nevitt 
Vick, Esq., and became a city in 1886. The most 
noted event in the history of this place is the sum- 
mary punishment of five infamous characters, who 
suffered death " at one fell swoop," July 5th, 1835, 
by the hands of an outraged public, which had en- 
dured the occurrence of crime and murder until pub- 
lic safety demanded their extermination. The re- 
mains of an old Spanish fort, on a hill near town, is 
an interesting relic of antiquity. 

No place on the river presents a handsomer front 
than Vicksburg. Its elevated location, (about 200 
feet above the river,) towering spires and beautiful 
residences, give it a most picturesque appearance. The 
population is 4,500. Its principal public buildings are 
the new Court House, (the former was burned in 
1857,) erected of brick and iron, and finished in 1860, 
at a cost of $100,000 ; the city and marine hospitals, 
Masonic Building, (post-office,) six churches of the 
various denominations, the Washington and Pren- 
tiss hotels, county jail, &c. 

Vicksburg is now noted for the siege conducted by 
General Grant, which lasted some forty days, and 
finally terminated with a total surrender of some 
40,000 prisoners, and a large amount of cannon, mus- 
kets and small arms. This is said to be the largest 
capture made by any army of the Old or New World. 



78 hunt's gazeteer of the 

BOVXNA, (Jackson, 40 miles — Vicksburg, 6 
miles,) is a small post village, situated in Warren 
County, Miss., and a cotton depot for the adjacent 
region. Tlie surface of Warren County is generally 
level and low in the interior ; the soil alluvial, pro- 
ducing cotton, corn, sweet potatoes, peas and beans 
in abundance. 

BIG BLACK, (Jackson, 34 miles— Vicksburg, 12 
miles,) river crossing. This river, one of the princi- 
pal streams which traverse the State, rises in Choc- 
taw County, flows southwesterly, through a fertile 
country, mostly occupied by cotton plantations, and 
empties into the Mississippi above Grand Gulf. Its 
length is about two hundred miles, one-fourth of 
which distance it is navigable by steamboats. 

EBWASDS', (Jackson, 28 miles— Vicksburg, 18 
miles,) like Bolton, is a depot upon the extensive 
plantation of Colonel R. O. Edwards, in Hinds Coun- 
ty, and is an outlet for the neighborhood. Nothing 
but cotton is raised in this vicinity — about 10,000 
bales per annum — and the necessary articles of home 
consumption are obtained in Vicksburg, or elsewhere. 

BOX/TOUTS (Jackson, 19 miles— Vicksburg, 27 
miles) Depot is named in honor of T. J. Bolton, Esq., 
on whose plantation it is located. The surrounding 
country has a rich, black loam soil, producing, for 
shipment at this depot, 10,000 bales annually, and 
corn sufficient for domestic consumption. 

From Bolton there extends an old flat-bar branch 
railroad seven miles, to Eaymond, the capital of 
Hinds' County. A project has been mooted to recon- 
struct and extend this road from Eaymond, fourteen 
miles, to Terrey Station, on the New Orleans and 
Jackson road, and thereby form a cut-off to the route 
via Jackson. " Cooper's Well" is four miles from 
Raymond. A telegraph office at this station. 

CLINTON, (Jackson, 10 miles — Vicksburg, 36 
miles,) formerly known as "Mt. Salus." was laid out 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 79 

about the year 1820, and occupies an elevated site 
amid the undulations of Hinds County. As indica- 
tive of its healthfulness, it is noted for having totally 
escaped the ravages of yellow fever, when that dire- 
ful scourge visited every neighboring place, in 1858- 
'4-'5. 

It .contains 300 inhabitants, four churches, three 
schools of both sexes, hotel, &c. A large amount of 
corn is raised in this section, and about 12,000 bales 
of cotton annually. The celebrated watering place, 
" Cooper's Well," nine miles distant, is generally 
reached from this point, and also the " Mississippi 
Springs," seven miles. The " Well" water is noted 
for its efficacy in dyspepsia, and other ailments, and 
is extensively sought. 



Vicksburg, via Jackson, to Montgomery. 

JACKSON", (Vicksburg, 46 miles — Montgomery, 
229 miles.) 

HOWELL, (Vicksburg, 52 miles — Montgomery, 
222 miles,) a flag station. 

BRANDON", (Vicksburg, 59 miles— Montgomery, 
215 miles,) a post village ; capital of Rankin County, 
Miss. About 10,000 bales of cotton are shipped here 
annually. Population, 1,000. 

PELAHAHATCHIE, (Vicksburg, 70 miles- 
Montgomery, 206 miles,) a flag station. 

MORTON, (Vicksburg, 79 miles— Montgomery, 
197 miles,) a post village. 

FOREST, (Vicksburg, 90 miles — Montgomery, 
186 miles,) a flag station. 

LAKE, (Vicksburg, 100 miles— Montgomery, 176 
miles,) a flag station. 



80 hunt's gazeteeb op the 

NEWTON", (Vicksburg, 110 miles— Montgomery, 
166 miles,) post office. 

HICKORY, (Vicksburg, 118 miles— Montgom- 
ery, 158 miles,) a flag station. 

CHUNKY, (Vicksburg, 123 miles— Montgomery, 
153 miles,) post office. 

TUNNEL HILL, (Vicksburg, 133 miles— Mont- 
gomery, 143 miles,) a flag station. 

MERIDIAN, (Vicksburg, 140 miles— Montgom- 
ery, 136 miles,) Junction of tlie Mobile and Corinth 
Railroad ; to Mobile 134 miles ; to Corinth 194 miles, 

GASTON, (Vicksburg, 160 miles— Montgomery, 
116 miles,) a flag station. 

LINDEN, (Vicksburg, 186 miles— Montgomery, 
90 miles,) post office. 

UNIONTOWN, (Vicksburg, 204 miles— Mont- 
gomery, 72 miles.) 

JUNCTION, (Vicksburg, 219 miles— Montgom- 
ery, 57 miles,) a flag station. 

SELMA, (Vicksburg, 235 miles— Montgomery, 41 
miles,) a thriving post village of Dallas County, 
Alabama, on the right bank of the Alabama river. 
Selma is surrounded by a rich and populous district, 
and has an active business. It contains several 
churches, and a newspaper office. Population is 
estimated at 1,800. * 

VERNON, (Vicksburg, 260 miles— Montgomery, 
16 miles,) a post village. 

MONTGOMERY, (Vicksburg, 276 miles.) 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 81 

MONTGOMERY AND WEST POINT 
EAILRQAD. 



See Index for J. M. Hopkins, 



MOHTGOMEE.Y, (West Point, 88 miles,) a 
flourishing city ; capital of Alabama, and county 
seat of Montgomery County. Is situated on the left 
bank of the Alabama river. Montgomery is the sec- 
ond city of the State in respect to trade and popula- 
tion, and is one of the most flourishing inland towns 
of the Southern States. 

The Alabama river is one of the best in the Union 
for steamboat navigation. As it is never closed by 
ice, and very rarely affected by drought, large steam- 
ers ascend from Mobile to this place at all seasons of 
the year. The Coosa river is navigable, for large 
steamboats, to Wetumpka, 

The Montgomery and West Point Railroad, of 
which this city is the terminus, leads to Atlanta, Ga. 
The cotton shipped at this place annually amounts 
to 75,000 bales. The city has one bank and six 
newspaper offices. 

The public records and offices were removed from 
Tuscaloosa to Montgomery in November, 1847. The 
new State House was destroyed by fire in December, 
1849 ; another was erected on the same site, and 
completed in 1851. 

Jeff. Davis, the President of the so-called Southern 
Confederacy, took his seat in this city on the 18th of 
February, '1861. Subsequently, on May 22d, 1861, 
the capital was removed to Richmond, Virginia. 



82 HUNT'S GxiZETEEH OF THE 

MOUNT MEIGS, (Montgomery, 11 miles- 
West Point, 77 miles,) post office. 

CXIETT'S, (Montgomery, 18 miles— West Point, 
70 miles,) a flag station. 

SHOUT'S, (Montgomery, 22 miles— West Point, 
66 miles,) a post village. 

COWLE'S, (Montgomery, 28 miles— West Point, 
60 miles,) a flag station. 

FRANKLIN, (Montgomery, 35 miles — West 
Point, 53 miles,) a post village. 

CSEHAW, (Montgomery, 41 miles— West Point, 
47 miles,) a post village. 

MOTASULGO, (Montgomery, 48 miles— West 
Point, 40 miles,) a flag station. 

LOCXAPOGA, (Montgomery, 55 miles— West 
Point, 33 miles,) a post village of Macon County, 
Alabama. 

AUBURN, (Montgomery, 60 miles— West Point, 
28 miles,) a thriving village of Macon County, Ala- 
bama. It lias a liealthy situation, and is a place of 
some importance, on account of its institutions of 
learning. A fire occurred here in the "winter of 1851- 
'52, by which a number of houses were consumed, 
Population, 2,000. 

OPELIKA, (Montgomery, 64 miles— West Point, 
24 miles,) a thriving village of Russell County, Ala- 
bama. A railroad extends from this place to Colum- 
bus — a distance of 30 miles. 

HOUGH AND READY, (Montgomery, 08 
miles — West Point, 20 miles,) post office. 

GUSSET A, (Montgomery, 77 miles— West Point, 
11 miles,) a flag station. 



EORDEB AND SOUTHERN STATES. 83 

WEST POINT, (Montgomery, 88 miles,) a thriv- 
ing village of Troup County, Georgia, on "both sides 
of the Chattahoochie river, at the junction of the 
La Grange Kailroad, with the Montgomery and 
West Point Railroad, 87 miles S. W. of Atlanta, and 
about 40 miles ahove Columbus. It has an active 
business, and is a depot for the cotton shipped from 
the vicinity. 



WEST POINT AMD ATLANTA RAIL- 
BOAD. 



WEST POINT, (Atlanta, 87 miles.) 

LONG CANE, (West Point, 6 miles— Atlanta, 
78 miles,) a flag station. 

LAGRANGE, (West Point, 15 miles— Atlanta,. 
72 miles,) a flourishing village ; capital of Troup 
County, Georgia. It contains four schools, which 
stand high in the public estimation, viz., the La- 
grange High School, the Brown wood University, 
the Lagrange Female Seminary, and the Lagrange 
Female Institution. 

HOGANSVILLE, (West Point, 28 miles— At 
lanta, 59 miles,) post office. 

GRANTVILLE, (West Point, 35 miles— Atlan- 
ta, 52 miles,) a flag station. 

NEWMAN, (West Point, 47 miles— Atlanta, 40 
miles,) a thriving village ; capital of Croweta County, 



84 hunt's gazeteer of the 

THE 




COMPANY, 

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FO RWARDE RS. 

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for the prompt and expeditious transportation of 
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Company will, by means of its own lines, and those 
of other responsible Companies, undertake to carry 
and deliver, with the utmost despatch, 

FREIGHT, PARCELS AND PACKAGES, 

to all the principal Cities, Towns and Villages in 
the United States and the Oanadas. 

BANK NOTES, COIN AND JEWELRY 

Forwarded daily in charge of careful and trust- 
worthy messengers. 

COLLECTION OF NOTES, DRAFTS AND BILLS 

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PART1CILAR NOTICE. 

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warded by 

THE ADAMS' EXPRESS COMPANY 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 85 

Georgia, It contains a brick court house, two aca- 
demies, two churches, and a newspaper office. 

PALMETTO, (West Point, 62 miles— Atlanta, 
25 miles,) post office. 

FAlRBOTTKN, (West Point, 69 miles— Atlanta, 
18 miles,) a village on the line between Campbell and 
Fayette Counties. 

EAST POINT, (West Point, 81 miles— Atlanta, 
6 miles,) a post village of De Kalb County, Georgia 
This is the junction of the Georgia Central Railroad, 
and the Atlanta and Lagrange Railroad. 

ATLANTA, (West Point, 87 miles.) 



TUBNPIKES. 



WETUMPXA, a flourishing city, and river port 
of Coosa County, Alabama, situated on the Coosa 
river, at the head of navigation, 14 miles north of 
Montgomery, and about 10 miles from the Alabama 
river. The situation is advantageous both for trade 
and for manufactures. The Alabama is one of the 
best streams in the Union for navigation, it is never 
closed by ice, nor is it obstructed by snags, like those 
of the southwest. 

Wetumpka is the principal market for the cotton 
produced in Coosa County. The city has four or five 
churches, several flourishing seminaries, a newspaper 
office, and is the seat of the State penitentiary. 



86 HUNTS GAZETEER OF THE 

A plank road extends from this place to the Ten 
nessee river, near Gunter's Landing, which is about 
150 miles distant. Population, 4,500. 

MOHTSYLVAMIA, a small village on a beau- 
tiful eminence, which affords a commanding view of 
the country for miles around. 

ALEXAX3DEJA, a post village of Benton Coun- 
ty, Alabama, about 180 miles N. E. of Tuscaloosa. 

JACKSONVILLE, a flourishing post village ; 
capital of Benton County, Alabama. Is situated on 
a beautiful eminence in Tallahatchie valley, 125 
miles north by east of Montgomery. A newspaper 
is published here. (See C. and A. R. B.) 

HOME, a fine city : capital of Floyd County, Ga;, 
on the confluence of the Etowah and Oostenaula 
rivers, which forms the Coosa river, 170 miles north- 
west of Milledgeville. 

A turnpike leading from Rome, a distance of 60 
miles, to Chattanooga, passing through Summerville, 
20 miles, N. W., and Lafayette 18 miles, N. E., and 
thence 22 miles north, to Chattanooga. 

A turnpike runs from Mobile to Uniontown, a dis- 
tance of 158 miles, where it reaches the Jackson and 
Montgomery Railroad. (For distancebetwecn milages 
.see Map.) 

This pike runs through the following villages, viz., 
New Wakefield, a post village of Washington Comi 
ty ; Coffeeville, a post village of Clarke County, Ala- 
bama, on the east bank of Tombigbeo river, 132 
miles south by west of Tuscaloosa; Old Washington, 
the county seat of Washington County, is 10 miles 
from this place ; Manafalia, a post village of Maren- 
go County, Alabama, on the Tombigbeo river ; Lin 
den, a thriving village, the capital of Marengo Coun- 
ty, Alabama, 1| miles south of Chickasaw creek, 100 
miles west of Montgomery. It is situated in a very 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 87 

productive cotton region, contains two academies 
and.two newspaper offices. Population, 2,500. Union- 
town, a post village in Perry County, Alabama, on 
the Alabama and Mississippi Railroad. Population, 
6,000. 

A turnpike from Uniontown to Greensboro, 20 
miles, N. W. to Havanna, 15 miles ; N. to Cartilage, 
8 miles ; N. E. to Tuscaloosa, 17 miles ; E. by N. E. 
to McMatlis, 32 miles ; N. E. to Jonesboro, 12 miles ; 
N. E. to Elyton, 12 miles ; N. E. to Trussville, 15 
miles : N. E. to Ashville, 20 miles ; N. to Bennetts- 
ville, 15 miles ; N. to Aurora, 12 miles ; N. W. to 
Warrenton, 14 miles ; N. to Gunter's Landing, 7 
miles, on the Tennessee river. 

Another turnpike runs through Van Buren 29 
miles, east ; Galesville, 22 miles, and 22 miles to 
Eome, Georgia. 

A turnpike extends from Pensacola, through Green- 
ville and Montgomery, to Rome, a distance of 300 
miles, . through the following places, viz., Mathans- 
ville, a small post village of Conecuh County ; Green- 
ville, a post village ; capital of Butler County, Ala- 
bama ; contains a court house, a newspaper office, 
several stores, and about 750 inhabitants. 



88 hunt's gazeteek of the 



PENSACOLA AND MONTGOMEET 
EAILEQAD, 



PENSACOLA, (Montgomery, 148 miles,) a port 
of entry, and capital of Escambia County, Florida. 
Is situated on the west shore of Pensacola Bay, about 
10 miles from the Gulf of Mexico, 64 miles east of 
Mobile, and 180 miles west of Tallahassee. The 
harbor has 21 feet of water on the bar, and is one of**" 
the safest in the Gulf. 

The shore, which is low and sandy, rises gently to 
the height of about 40 feet. The plan of the town is 
regular, and the streets wide. It contains several 
churches, a market house, custom house, and three 
newspaper offices. Population about 2,800. 

AVEMA, (Pensacola, 4 miles — Montgomery, 144 
miles,) a ilag station. 

OAKFIELD, (Pensacola, G miles — Montgomery, 

143 miles,) post office. 

SHEPARB, (Pensacola, 18 miles — Montgomery, 
135 miles,) a flag station. 

PERDIDO, (Pensacola, 15 miles — Montgomery, 
133 miles,) post office. 

COLLEGE HILL, (Pensacola, 17 miles— Mont- 
gomery, 131 miles,) a flag station. 

COOPER'S, (Pensacola, 23 miles—Montgomery 
125 miles,) post office. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 89 

MILNEH'S, (Pensacola. 35 miles— Montgomery, 
113 miles,) a flag station. 

SPRING'S, (Pensacola, 37 miles— Montgomery, 
111 miles,) post office. 

STATE LINE, (Pensacola, 41 miles— Montgom- 
ery, 107 miles,) the line between Florida and Ala- 
bama. 

HOLY LAND, (Pensacola, 45 miles — Montgom- 
ery, 103 miles,) a flag station. 

BTXR]$"T CORK, (Pensacola, 51 miles— Mont- 
gomery, 97 miles.) This is the junction of the Mo- 
bile Road. 

CASTLEBTJRG, (Pensacola, 56 miles — Mont- 
gomery, 92 miles,) post office. 

SPABTA, (Pensacola, 61 miles — Montgomery, 87 
miles,) a thriving village ; capital of Conecuh Coun- 
ty, Alabama, on a small affluent of Conecuh river, 
S. S. W. of Montgomery. It contains a jail, court- 
house, masonic hall, three stores, and abobt 500 in- 
habitants. It became the county seat in 1822. 

EVERGREEN, (Pensacola, 65 miles— Montgom- 
ery, 83 miles,) a small village, containing two 
churches, an academy, and three stores. Population, 
300. 

GRAVE HILL, (Pensacola, 70 miles — Mont 
gomery, 78 miles,) a post village. 

MUDGE'S MILL, (Pensacola, 75 miles— Mont- 
gomery, 73 miles,) a flag station. 

GORLAND, (Pensacola, 80 miles — Montgomery, 
68 miles,) post office. 

PITTSTOWN, (Pensacola, 85 miles— Montgom- 
ery, 63 miles,) a flag station. 

BOLLING, (Pensacola, 93 miles— Montgomery, 
55 miles,) post office. 



90 HUNT'S GAZETEEE. OF THE 

GREENVILLE, (Pensacola, 102 miles— Mont- 
gomery, 46 miles,) a post village ; capital of Butler 
County, Alabama, containing a court house, a news- 
paper office, several stores, and nearly 700 inhabi- 
tants. 

FORT DEPOSIT, (Pensacola, 117 miles— Mont- 
gomery, 30 miles, a flag station. 

CALHOUN, (Pensacola, 122 miles — Montgom- 
ery, 26 miles,) post office. 

GIOHAUS', (Pensacola, 124 miles — Montgom- 
ery, 24 miles,) a flag station. 

LETOHATOHIE, (Pensacola, 128 miles— Mont- 
gomery, 20 miles,) a flag station. 

McGEE'S, (Pensacola, 140 miles — Montgomery, 
80 miles,) post office. 

MONTGOMERY, (Pensacola, 148 miles.) 



MOBILE AND MONTGOMERY RAIL- 
ROAD. 



BLAKELY, (Mobile, 12 miles — Montgomery, 
150 miles,) a post village on the Mobile and Mont- 
gomery Railroad, and capital of Baldwin County. 
Alabama, on the Teusaw river, at its entrance into 
Mobile Bay. 

BURNT CORN, Mobile, 52 miles — Montgom- 
ery, 97 miles,) a post village in Monroe County. — 
Here this road intersects the Pensacola and Mont- 
gomcrv Railroad. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 91 



MOBILE AND OHIO RAILEOAD. 



port of entry, and capital of Mobile County, Alaba- 
ma ; is situated on the west bank of Mobile river, 
immediately above its entrance into the bay of the 
same name. 

WHISTLER, • (Mobile, 5 miles — Corinth, 323 
miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road, 

KUSHLA, (Mobile, 11 miles— Corinth, 317 miles,) 
a post village on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

MATJVXLA, (Mobile, 13 miles — Corinth, 315 
miles,) a village of Mobile County, Alabama, on the 
Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

CHUNCHULD, (Mobile, 19 miles— Corinth, 309 
miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

BEAVER MEADOW, (Mobile, 26 miles— Cor- 
inth, 302 miles,) a post village on the Mobile and 
Ohio Railroad. 

CITRONELLE, (Mobile, 33 miles— Corinth, 295 
miles,) a post village of Mobile County, Alabama, on 
the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

DEER PARK, (Mobile, 44 miles— Corinth, 284 
miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

STATE LINE, (Mobile, 63 miles— Corinth, 265 
miles,) a station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, 
on the line between Alabama and Mississippi. 



92 hunt's gazeteer op the 

BtrCKATUNNA, (Mobile, 70 miles .— Corinth, 
258 miles,) a post village on the Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad, 

WINCHESTER, (Mobile, 77 miles— Corinth. 
251 miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad. " # 

WAYNESBORO, (Mobile, 83 miles— Corinth. 
245 miles,) a flourishing village on the Mobile and 
Ohio Railroad. 

BED BLUFF, (Mobile, 92 miles^-Corinth, 236 
miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

SHTJBTJTA, (Mobile, 97 miles — Corinth, 231 
miles,) a small village on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

BE SOTO, (Mobile, 104 miles— Corinth. 224 
miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

QTTITMAN, (Mobile, 109 miles — Corinth, 219 
miles,) a flourishing village on the Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad. 

ENTERPRISE, (Mobile, 120 miles —Corinth, 

208 miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad. 

OKATIBBEE, (Mobile, 129 miles— Corinjh, 199 

miles,) a small village on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

MERIDIAN, (Mobile, 134 miles— Corinth, 194 

miles,) a flourishing town on the Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad. The railroad from Jackson to Tuscaloosa, 
Alabama, crosses here. 

MARION, (Mobile, 140 miles— Corinth, 188 
miles/) a post village ; capital of Lauderdale County, 

Miss., 110 miles east of Jackson, on the Mobile and 
Ohio Railroad. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 93 

LOCKPORT, (Mobile, 147 miles— Corinth, 181 
miles,) a flag station on tlie Mobile and Ohio Raib 
road. 

LAUDERDALE, (Mobile, 153 miles— Corinth, 
175 miles,) a station, situated in Lauderdale County, 
Miss. The county contains 750 square miles. This 
county was named after Col. Lauderdale, who fell at 
the battle of New Orleans. Population, 10,000. 

TAMOLA, (Mobile, 158 miles— Corinth, 170 
miles, (a flag' station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

GAINSVILLE JUNCTION, (Mobile, 163 
miles — Corinth, 165 miles,) a station on the Mobile 
and Ohio Railroad. A branch of this road runs to 
Gainsville, Ala., a distance of 25 miles. 

SUCARNOCHEE, (Mobile, 169 miles— Corinth, 
159 miles,) a post village on the Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad. 

SCOOBA, (Mobile, 176 miles— Corinth, 152 miles,) 
a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

SHUQULAK, (Mobile, 188 miles— Corinth, 140 
miles,) a village on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

MACON, (Mobile, 198 miles— Corinth, 130 miles,) 
a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

BROOKSVILLE, (Mobile, 206 miles—Corinth, 

122 miles,) a small village on the Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad. 

CRAWFORD, (Mobile, 210 miles— Corinth, 118 
miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail 
road. 

ARTESIA, (Mobile, 219 miles— Corinth, 109 
miles,) a post village on the Mobile and Ohio Rail 
road. A branch of this road runs to Columbus — a 
distance of 14 miles. 



94 hunt's gazeteer of the 

COLUMBUS, (Mobile, 233 miles— Corinth, 118 
miles,) a thriving town ; capital of Lowndes County, 
Miss., on the left hank of the Tomhigbee river, 140 
miles N. E. of Jackson. A branch of the Mobile and 
Ohio Eailroad connects this place with Mobile. 

1AYHEW, (Mobile, 224 miles— Corinth, 104 
miles,) a post village on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

"WEST POINT, (Mobile, 232 miles— Corinth, 96 
miles,) a flourishing post village on the Mobile and 
Ohio Railroad. 

XiOOHATAN, (Mobile, 238 miles— Corinth, 90 
miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

PRAIRIE, (Mobile, 245 miles— Corinth, 83 miles,) 
a small village on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

EGYPT, (Mobile, 254 miles— Corinth, 74 miles,) 
a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

OKOLONA, (Mobile, 2G1 miles— Corinth, (37 I 
miles,) a post village of Chickasaw County, Miss., on | 
the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, 170 miles N. N. E. of i 
Jackson. 

COONOWAH, (Mobile, 2(39 miles— Corinth, 59 i 
miles,) a post village on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

VERONA, (Mobile, 274 miles— Corinth, 54 miles,) j 
a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

TUPELO, (Mobile, 279 miles— Corinth, 49 miles,) I 
a post village on the Mobile and Ohio Eailroad. 

SALTILLO, (Mobile, 287 miles — Corinth, 41 j 
miles,) a small village on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- j 
road. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 9o 

GUN TOWN, (Mobile, 292 miles— Corinth, 86 
miles,) a flourishing village on the Mobile and Ohio 
Eailroad. 

BALDWYU, (Mobile, 297 miles— Corinth, 31 
miles,) a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Rail- 
road. 

BOQNEVILLE, (Mobile, 308 miles— Corinth, 20 
miles,) a post village on the Mobile and Ohio Rail 
road. 

REENZI, (Mobile, 316 miles— Corinth, 12 miles,) 
a flag station on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

CORINTH, (328 miles from Mobile,) is a post 
village, and the terminus of the Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad. • This place was occupied by the rebels for 
some time, until Gen, Halleck drove them off. 



fletos §mkx'B f)mfr-%artm. 



W. SCOTT GLORE, 

GENERAL NEWS AGENT, 

Corner of Hind & Jefferson Streets, 
LOUISVILLE, KY, 



New York, Chicago, Cincinnati & St. Louis 
Daily Papers, 

ALL THE MAGAZINES AND WEEKLIES. 

BOOKS, PERIODICALS, STATIONERY, 



fl^~ Dealers and Newsmen Supplied on 
Liberal Terms. 

96 



LOUISVILLE AND NASHVILLE 
KAILBOAD. 



LOUISVILLE, (To Nashville 185 miles,) a 
flourishing city and. port of entry of Kentucky, and 
seat of justice of Jefferson County, is situated on the 
Ohio River, at the head of the Louisville Falls, at the 
mouth of Bear-grass Creek, 130 miles below Cincinnati 
and 53 miles west of Frankfort. A railroad 93 miles 
long ■ connects it with Frankfort and Lexington. Tho 
situation and surrounding scenery are remarkably 
beautiful. Some parts of the city present delightful 
views of the Ohio River, which is here about one mile 
wide ; of the rocky rapids, and the town of Portland 2 
miles below. Louisville stands on a plain elevated 
about TO feet above low water mark, and is regularly 
laid out. Eight handsome streets extend nearly two 
miles, parallel with the river, and are intersected by 
more than 30 others, at right angles. The most re- 
markable public buildings, are the City Hall, and Court 
House, the 1st Presbyterian Church, St. Pauls' 
Church (Episcopal), the Medical .Institute, and the 
University of Louisville. The Medical Institute which 
ranks high among the public institutions of Louisville, 
was founded by an ordinance of the City Council, which 
appropriated $50,000 for the library, buildings, &c. The 
Asylum for the Blind, established by the state, occupies 
a commodious and handsome building, erected by joint 
contributions of the State, and the citizens of Louisville. 
The Mercantile Library Association, has from 5,000 lo 
6,000 volumes. The Historical Society of this place, 

97 



98 • hunt's gazeteer of the 

has collected valuable documents, relative to the early 
history of the State. Louisville also contains a Marine 
Asylum founded by the State, 2 orphan asylums, about 
40 churches, 2 synagogues, a prison, 4 market-houses, 
5 banks, and 4 large public school-houses. Population 
about 60,600. 

RANDOLPHS, (Louisville 7 miles — Nashville 
118 miles,) water station. 

BROOKS, (Louisville 13 miles— Nashville 172 
miles,) flag station. 

SHEPHERDS VILLE, (Louisville 19 miles- 
Nashville 167 miles,) a post village, capital of Bullitt 
County. Ky., on Salt River. It has 1 church, and an 
academy. 

BARDSTOWN JUNCTION, (Louisville 12 
miles — Nashville 163 miles,) a branch extends from this 
place to Bardstown, a distance of 15 miles. 

BELMONT, (Louisville 25 miles— Nashville 100 
miles,) a small village of Campbell County, Ky. 

LEBANON JUNCTION, (Louisville 30 miles 
— Nashville 155 miles,) a branch extends from here to 
Lebanon, a handsome little town of Marion County, 
Ky, 60 miles south by west of Frankfort. It con- 
tains a court-house, 3 churches, 2 seminaries, 14 stores, 
and 1 steam saw-mill. Incorporated in 1815. 

COLESBURG— (Louisville 34 miles— Nashville 
151 miles,) water station. 

ELISABETHTOWN, (Louisville 42 miles- 
Nashville 143 mites,) a thriving post village, capital 
of Hardin County, Ky., is pleasantly situated on Valley 
Creek, and on the main road from Louisville to Nash- 
ville. ' It is handsomely built o[' brick and contains 5 
churches, and 2 seminaries. Population about 2,500. 

GLENDALB, )Louisville 50 miles— Nashville 235 
miles,) flag station. 

NOLIN, (Louisville 52 miles— Nashville 132 miles), 
a post village of Hardin County, Ky., situated on 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 99 

Nolin Creek, which flows southwest and enters <§reen 
River at Brownsville, in Edmunson Comity. ' 

SONORA, (Louisville 55 miles — Nashville 130 
miles,) post village. 

UPTON, (Louisville 59 miles— Nashville 126 
miles,) flag station. 

BACON CREEK, (Louisville 66 miles— Nash- 
ville 119 miles,) flag station. 

MUNFORDSVILLE, (Louisville ^3 miles— Nash- 
ville 112 miles,) a small town situated on the right 
bank of Green River 100 miles southwest of Frankfort. 
It is the capital of Hart County, Ky. Green River is 
navigable for small boats to this place, during a part of 
the year. Near this village, a circular orifice extends, 
in the form of funnel, towards the centre of the earth, 
to an unknown depth. A garrison of 4,000 men was 
surrendered to rebel Bragg's forces on the 18th of 
September, 1862, at this place. The railroad bridge 
over Green River, which was built of iron, was partly 
destroyed. Population of Munfordsville 800. 

ROWLETT'S, (Louisville 15 miles— Nashville 
110 miles,) water station. 

HORSE CAVE, (Louisville 80 miles— Nashville 
105 miles,) a post office. 

"WOODLAND, (Louisville 83 miles— Nashville 
102 miles,) water station. 

CAVE CITY", (Louisville 84 miles— Nashville 101 
miles,) a small village 8 miles from the Mammoth 
Cave in Kentucky. Travellers who visit the cave 
usually stop at this, city. 

GLASGOW JUNCTION, (Louisville 90 miles- 
Nashville 95 miles,) a branch extends from this place 
to Glasgow, a distance of about 20 miles. 

ROCKY" HILL, (Louisville 95 miles— Nashville 
90 miles,) flag station. 

SMITHS' GROVE, (Louisville 100 miles— Nash- 
ville 85 miles,) a post office of Warren County, Ky. 



100 



HUNT S GAZETEEE OF THE 



OAKLAND, (Louisville 102 miles— Nashville 83 
miles,) flag station. 

BRISTOW, (Louisville 109 miles— Nashville 76 
miles,) post office. 

BOWLING GREEN, (Louisville 114 miles- 
Nashville 71 miles) a flourishing village, capital of 
Warren County, Ky., situated on Big Barren River, an 
affluent of Green River, 145 miles southwest of Frank- 
fort. It is at the head of navigation and is a place of 
active trade, particularly in pork and tobacco. Popula- 
tion 3,000. 

MEMPHIS JUNCTION, (Lonisville 118 miles 
— Nashville 67 miles,) a" branch extends from this 
place to Memphis, a distance of 259 miles. 

WOODBURN, (Louisville 125 miles— Nashville 
60 miles,) flag station. 

FRANKLIN, (Louisville 134 miles— Nashville 51 
miles,) a thriving village, capital of Simpson County, 
Ky., on Drake's Creek, 159 miles southwest of Frank- 
fort. It contains 2 churches, and about 700 inhabitants. 

MITCHELLSVILLE, (Louisville 141 miles- 
Nashville 44 miles,) a post village of Robertson 
County Tenn., on the turnpike from Nashville t > Louis- 
ville, and on the north line of the State. 

RICHLAND, (Louisville 144 miles— Nashville 41 
miles,) flag station. 

FOUNTAIN HEAD, (Louisville 146 ) ales- 
Nashville 39 miles,) water station. 

SOUTH TUNNEL, (Louisville 152 miles- 
Nashville 33 miles,) flag station. 

GALLATIN, (Louisville 159 miles— Nashville 26 
miles,) a post village, capital of Summer County 
Tenn., 3 miles north of the Cumberland River. 

PILOT KNOB, (Louisville 164 miles— Nashville 
21 miles.) post office. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 101 

S ANDERS VILLE, (Louisville 166 miles— Nash- 
ville 19 miles,) a post village. 

HENDERSON VILLE, (Louisville 170 miles- 
Nashville 15 miles,) water station. 

EDGEFIELD JUNCTION, (Louisville 175 
miles — Nashville 10 miles,) a branch runs from this 
place to Edgefield. 

NASHVILLE, (Louisville 185. miles.) See index 
for W. Scott Glore. 



NASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA 
EAILEOAD, 



NASHVILLE, (Stevenson 113 miles — Chatta- 
nooga 151,) named in honor of Gen. Nash, who fell at 
the Battle of German town, in 1776, is the capital of 
Tennessee, and the shire-town of Davidson county. It 
is handsomely situated on the south bank of Cumber- 
land river, 200 miles from its confluence with the Ohio. 
It is east north-east from Memphis, from which it is dis- 
tant, by railroad, 384 miles. Jt is 206 miles south- 
west from Lexington, Ky., and 886 mil; s, (via Knox- 
ville), from "Washington City. Elevation above the sea, 
460 feet. 

The Cumberland River— which at this place is span- 
ned by a magnificent bridge 656 feet long, and 100 feet 
high — divides the surrounding county into nearly 
equal parts. The adjacent country is gently undulating, 
abounding in varied and beautiful landscape scenery, 
and has a very fertile limestone soil which is extensively 
cultivated. 



R H. SINGLETON, 

IK THE POST OFFICE BUILDING, 

MASHVILLE, TBNN., 

SStfjcksalt antr %Ml § eater 

IN 

BOOKS, STATIONERY, PERIODICALS, 

PICTURES, MAPS, 

Portfolios, Pocket Books, &c, 

AND 

GENERAL PACKER AND FORWARDER 

OF 

NEWSPAPERS Ai\D CHEAP PUBLICATIONS. 



Strangers visiting the City -will here find a large 
assortment of DAILY and WEEKLY NEWS- 
PAPERS from all the Principal Cities in the Union. 



REMEMBER, IN THE POST OFFICE BUILDING, 

, NASHVILLE, TENN. 
102 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 103 

Nashville is not only the "most populous and wealthy 
city of Tennessee, but is highly distinguished for its 
enterprising spirit, literary taste and refined society. 
Many of the private residences are built on a scale of 
palatial magnitude and splendor, and the public build- 
ings exhibit a corresponding character. Prominent 
among them stands the new State Capitol, the founda- 
tion of which was laid in 1845, and which occupies a 
commanding position on an eminence of limestone rock, 
1?5 feet above the river. It is conceded to be one of 
the most splendidly designed structures in America, and 
has cost the State thus far, $892,000. The material of 
which it is composed was quarried upon the spot, and is 
of such fine quality as to nearly resemble marble. Its 
dimensions are 135 by 240 feet, and its ultimate cost 
estimated at $1,000,000. It is built wholly of stone 
and iron, except the comparatively small quantity of 
wood plank on which the copper roofing is fastened — 
even the inner walls and floors being of dressed stone. 

A new Lunatic Asylum has been erected in the 
vicinity, upon an enlarged plan complete in its various 
departments. The State Penitentiary is located here, 
and is 31'0 feet long by 50 feet wide, containing 200 
cells. It is conducted upon the Auburn, or silent 
system. 

The subject of education has recently obtained that 
favor and patronage which the State and city authori- 
ties should have afforded long since. The zeal and 
spirit of educational enterprise has succeeded in estab- 
lishing a number of High Schools of a character inferior 
to none in the South-west. Conspicuous among them 
is the University of Nashville, which was founded in 
the year 1806, and is now under the efficient control of 
Dr. J. Berrien Lindsley. In 1821, there was connected 
with the University a Medical College, which occupies 
a capacious building, and enjoys an excellent patronage. 
More than two hundred students are now prosecuting 
their studies, under the guidance of a corps of profes- 
sors, who with a high order of ability, unite a laudable 
ambition to render- the institution equal to any in the 



104 hunt's gazetteer of the 

Union. The young and growing Military Academy — 
the Nashville Female Academy — an institute of old and 
excellent standing, presided over by Rev. C. D. Elliott 
— Prof. Hess' Music Academy, the Ladies' Seininaiy, 
Bishop Miles' school, and others, are establishments of 
which the city may boast. Each of the six wards of 
the city is provided with a fine, large, substantial public 
school-house. 

Besides the Lunatic Asylum, there is a House of 
Industry, for poor girls; and a Protestant Orphan 
Asylum, which commend themselves to public confi- 
dence. 

Perhaps no city of its size has so many newspapers 
to read as Nashville. There are four dailies, all well 
conducted and well sustained. There are four banks, 
and eight prominent hotels' and boarding-houses. 

Its growth in wealth and population has never been 
very rapid at any time ; yet it has held an even, onward' 
progress in such physical and moral wealth as forms the 
basis of permanent prosperity. No city in the South is 
more justly celebrated for its intelligence, morality and 
courtesy to strangers. 

Nashville contains 14 chuvehes of the various de- 
nominations ; its Sabbaths are quiet and orderly ; and 
its pulpits filled by men of ability. A mineral cabinet, 
owned by the late Dr. Troost, is said to be the most 
extensive private collection in the Union. The city is 
lighted with gas, and abundantly supplied with watt r 
from Cumberland River, raised by steam machinery into 
a reservoir G6 feet above high water mark. 

Eight excellent Macadamised roads radiate from 
Nashville, and much credit is due to the city lor the 
pride evinced and the enormous cost sustained, in ren- 
dering her outlets a pattern to other localities. During 
high water, the river is navigable from its mouth to this 
city for the larger class of steamboats, and by the 
smaller at ncarh* all seasons. Many of the packets are 
owned here. Nashville has, within a few years, given 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 105 

centre of an active and increasing trade. Its population 
numbers about 25,000. 

As a railroad centre, Nashville is a point of note. By 
the Nashville and Chattanooga road she is connected 
with the improvements of Georgia, Virginia, and the 
Carolinas, and hence to the northern cities; and by the 
Memphis and Charleston road with a nearer point of 
shipment to New Orleans. The Mississippi Central will 
soon link Nashville to the Crescent City, and the 
' rapidly progressing Mobile and Ohio road will give im- 
mediate outlet to the Gulf. Further projects are on foot 
for an extension to Hickman, Ky., and to a point near 
Cairo, where connection will be made with the net-work 
of north-western improvements. Nashville, at no very 
distant period, will become a great centre of the trade 
and travel destined to reward her energy in consummat- 
ing these proud monuments of human industry. 

The Hermitage, or home of General Jackson, the 
immortal Hero-President, is about 12 miles from Nash- 
ville, and affords a pleasant drive. Strangers visiting 
the city scarcely fail to make a pilgrimage to the quiet 
shades of this hallowed spot, the Mount Vernon of Ten- 
nessee. Here his mortal remains rest beneath a beauti- 
ful mausoleum, in the form of the Temple of Liberty, 
by the side of his beloved Rachel, among the pleasant 
trees of the Hermitage. 

Nashville is growing rapidly in every interest es- 
sential to its becoming soon one of the great cities of 
the Union. Surrounded by extensive tracts of rich and 
never-failing' lands, it is capable of supplying any 
market in the world. It is a point where cotton, to- 
bacco, hemp, grain and stock-growers all meet to 
negotiate their sales. The wholesale trade comprises 
everything essential to the Southern market. 

ANTIOCH, (Stevenson 104 miles— Nashville 9 
miles,) a post village of Gibson County. The surround- 
ing country is nearly level, soil good. Indian corn, oats, 
cotton and cattle are the staples. The station is named 
after the venerable "Antioch Meeting House," which 
stood contiguous to the premises. 



106 hunt's gazeteer of the 

LAVERGNE, (Stevenson 9*7 miles— Nashville 16 
miles,) a village situated in Rutherford County. Con- 
tains a steam saw and flouring mill, and does consider- 
able business in lumber. 

SMYRNA, (Stevenson 93 miles— Nashville 20 
miles,) a post village in Rutherford County, established 
in 1851. It is encircled by a fine extent of country, 
the business of which is principally transacted at Mur- 
freesboro'. 

MURFREESBORO', (Stevenson 81 miles — 
Nashville 32 miles,) the capital of Rutherford County, 
is a handsome town, situated upon a beautiful plain, 
and surrounded by a healthy and fertile country. From 
the year 1817 to 182*7, Murfreesboro', was the capital of 
the State, when unfortunately the State House was 
consumed by fire, and the seat of government subse- 
quently removed to Nashville. 

Among the educational institutions are two under the 
patronage of the Baptist denomination — the Union 
University, founded in 1841, and a Female Institute, 
both in flourishing condition. The town also contains 
one bank, five churches and two newspaper offices. 
Population about 3,000. The Rio Steam Flouring Mills 
are objects of interest and importance to the general 
trade. 

This is the place where the celebrated battle of Stone 
River was fought and won by the gallant Maj.-Gen. 
"Wm. H. Rosecrans, commencing on December 31, 1862, 
and ending January 3, 1863. 

Federal forces, 43,400 ; total loss killed, 1,533; total 
wounded, 7,245 ; prisoners, 2,800. 

Rebel forces, 62,520; loss, killed and wounded, 
14,560; this is considered one of the most bloody bat- 
tles on record considering the rawness of both officers 
and men. There is a good turnpike running from here 
to Nashville 30 miles, also a turnpike running to Chat- 
tanooga 1 07^- miles distant, 30 miles to Manchester, 3 
miles from Murfreesboro' on this pike to the left is a 
very large spring ; from Manchester to Herbet's Cove, 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 107 

12J miles, 5 miles from Herbet's Cove to Altamount, the 
county seat of Grundy Co., pop. 200 ; from Altmount 
to Tracy City 20 miles. Tracy City is the head of a 
railroad from Cowan Station on N. & C. R. R. 30 miles 
up, which is the location of the great coal mines of 
Tenn.; from Tracy City to Jasper 30 miles, and from 
Jasper to Chattanooga 3 miles. 

CHRISTIANA, (Stevenson U miles— Nashville 
42 miles,) established in 1851, obtains its name from a 
stream denominated Christmas Creek, because its flow, 
like "Christmas, comes but once a year," and at that 
festive period. The region is timbered with red cedar, 
and the products are chiefly stock and cotton. 

FOSTERVILLE (Stevenson G1 miles— Nashville 
46 miles) Depot, is a post village of Rutherford County. 
The surrounding county is agreeably diversified in sur- 
face, highly productive, liberally watered, and exten- 
sively cultivated. It has a turnpike leading to Nash- 
ville. This county is one of the most populous in the 
State. Stock and cotton form the staples. 

BELL BUCKLE, (Stevenson 63 miles— Nashville 
50 miles,) a post village of Bedford County, situated two 
miles east of Bell Buckle Gap, christened in 1852 by J. 
Edgar Thomson, Esq., the distinguished civil engineer, 
now President of the Pennsylvania railroad. 

[SHELBYVILLB, (8 miles from Wartrace,) on 
Branch road, is the shire-town of Bedford County, Tenn., 
situated on Duck River. It contains a court-house, a 
bank, several churches, a newspaper office, and one cot- 
ton-spinning factory. The population is about 3,500. 
The surface of the country is undulating, the soil fertile 
and easily cultivated. The streams generally furnish 
considerable water power. 

The University and the Pemale Academy are large 
and well arranged educational institutions, occupying 
beautiful and healthy locations. Distance to Nashville, 
63 miles.] 

WARTRACE, (Stevenson 58 miles— Nashville 55 



108 hunt's gazetteer of the 

miles,) named after Wartrace Creek, is situated in Bed- 
ford County, and was established in 1852. It is sur- 
rounded by a great cattle raising* country,, and it is said 
that fifty thousand head of hogs are fattened annually — 
mostly for the extensive pork-packing establishment at 
Shelbyville. 

NORMANDY", (Stevenson 50 miles— Nashville 
63 miles,) derives its name from its location on Norman's 
Creek, at its confluence with the Barren Fork of "Duck 
Biver, and at the foot of the first bench of Cumberland 
Mountain. The depot was established in 1852. 

TTJLLAHOMA. (Stevenson 43 miles— Nashville 
70 miles,) situated in Coffee County, on the bank of 
Bock Creek, was laid out in 1852. The location is on 
the first bench of Cumberland Mountain, from which the 
railroad has a descending grade for five miles, to Duck 
Biver. The depot elevation is nearly that of the mouth 
of Cumberland Tunnel. Tullahoma is noted for the 
purity and excellence of its chafvbeate and free stone 
waters. It is important as a- railroad station, on ac- 
count of its being the intersecting point of the McMinn- 
ville and Manchester Bailroacl, which extends to the 
former point, a distance of 35 miles. This fact, it is 
supposed, will always render it a place of considerable 
business. This place was occupied by Bragg for six 
months until he was driven out by Bosecrans on June 
29, 1863. 

MANCHESTER, (on Branch Bailroad— Tulla- 
homa 12 miles — McMinnville 23 miles,) is the capital 
of Coffee County, and situated at the confluence of 
Duck Biver forks. These streams afford excellent water 
power; 

The great curiosity at this place is an old stone fort, 
which is described as a solid wall in the fork between 
the rivers, and enclosing about 47 acres of land. It 
presents indications of great antiquity, as the venerable 
trees growing upon it are computed to have withstood 
the storms of five centuries. Distance to Nashville, 82 
miles; to Stevenson, 55 miles. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 109 

McMINNVILLE, (35 miles from Tullaboma,) is 
the capital of Warren County, Term., and terminus of the 
McMinnville and. Manchester Railroad. Distance to 
Nashville, 105 miles. Its location is delightful and 
healthy, having the exhilarating breezes and free stone 
water of the Cumberland Mountains. Its aroused 
energy in trade, manufactures, and educational matters, 
indicate that it will soon rank as a very important 
place. The fine watering place in the mountains near by, 
together with the travel to and fro, and the schools wiii 
constitute an important item in the business of the rail- 
road and town. Cumberland Female College, and Mc 
Minnville Male College, are reputable institutes. The 
celebrated " Beersheba Springs" are 18 miles from 
McMinnville. Distance to Stevenson, 78 miles. 

ESTELLE SPRINGS, (Stevenson 36 miles- 
Nashville 77 miles,) obtain their name from Wm. 
Estelle, who formerly resided in the neighborhood. 
There are a nnmber of them, which afford the varieties 
of sulphur, chalybeate, and free stone waters. The spot 
is a favorite resort of the people of Rutherford and Da- 
vidson counties. The celebrated Winchester Springs 
lay two miles distant, southward. 

ALLISONIA, (Stevenson 35 miles — Nashville 78 
miles,) is a thriving post town situated in Franklin 
County. Its location is on Elk river, a point at which, 
the water power is very superior, and said to be unsur- 
passed by any in the State. The place was laid out 
in 1850. It is an important station on the railroad, 
and had an immense cotton factory, which cost, includ- 
ing machinery, about $100,000, but which was destroyed 
by fire. Population 350. 

DECHERD, (Stevenson 30 miles— Nashville 83 
miles,) a post village of Franklin County, named after 
Peter Decherd, Esq., is located near Wagoner's Creek, 
and was laid out in 1853. It is the point of junction of 
the projected Winchester and Alabama Railroad. This 
road will cross the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, 
at Brownsboro', and extend to Gruntersville, Ala. 



110 hunt's gazetteer of the 

"WINCHESTER, 5 miles from Decherd, has re- 
cently been selected as the site for the new University 
of the South. This selection, however, is with the con- 
dition that an acceptable charter shall be granted by 
Tennessee, and a satisfactory arrangement, as to certain. 
details, made with the proprietors of the lands on and 
near the site indicated. 

It is within a short distance of the Alabama line, at 
which point the plateau rises about 800 feet above the 
plain below, and is about 15 miles wide. From its 
brow a magnificent prospect stretches far away in the 
distance. But one testimony is borne to the superior 
health of the plateau — it is above the intermittent 
level. 

"With such extraordinary advantages of position, in 
the midst of a territory of several thousand acres at its 
command, under the conduct of a board of management 
of enlarged and comprehensive views and patriotic pur- 
poses, we can not doubt it will speedily surround itself 
from all parts of the country with a population of high 
intelligence and moral worth, to which it may look for 
support and sympathy in the work of its administration, 
and to which, in turn, it will dispense the refreshing 
and refining influences of its intellectual and moral 
atmosphere. 

COWAN, (Stevenson 2GmiIof— Nashville 87 miles,) 
is named after Mr. Cowan, a planter residing in the 
vicinity, and is located at the foot of the western slope 
of Cumberland Mountain. Beautiful mountain scenery 
delights the eyo of the tourist looking toward the north, 
east, and south. 

TANTALLION, (Stevenson 19 miles— Nashville 
94 miles,) a wood and water station, is located at the 
foot of Cumberland Mountain grade, and from which 
point the ascent ranges at ono hundred and six feet per 
mile to the centre of the tunnel. This latter point is 
elevated 530 feet abovo Tantallion. Tho Cumberland 
Tunnel is 2,22:5 feet in length, 20 feet high, and about 
14 feet wide ; it penetrates through solid rock, and re- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. Ill 

quired three years' time in its construction. It was 
completed in 1851 under the superintendence of Thos. 
C. Bates, Esq. Tunnel Junction, or intersecting point 
of the Sewanee Branch which leads to the celebrated 
Sewanee Goal Banks", extends 9 miles to the first banks, 
and it is contemplated to further lead it 8 miles to an- 
other bank. The latter division lies upon the top of the 
mountain, which is reached by a grade on the former 
division of 140 feet per mile. These railroad and 
mining operations were projected and are now con- 
ducted by a New Tork company. 

CROW'S NEST, (Stevenson 13 miles— Nashville 
100 miles,) is a wood and water station, located upon 
the property of V. K. Stevenson, Esq., President of the 
road. The vicinity is reported as being a favorite sec- 
tion for crows, and from which fact also Grow Creek 
derives its name. 

ANDERSON, (Stevenson 10 miles — Nashville 
103 miles,) is named in compliment to John F. Ander- 
son, an extensive farmer and cattle raiser living on the 
borders of Crow Creek, in the valley of which the depot 
is located. The stream flows amid two spurs of the 
Cumberland Mountains. 



NASHVILLE AND DECATUR E0AD. 



See Index for W. F. Glore. 
NASHVILLE to Decatur 122 miles. 

BRENTWOOD, (Nashville 10 miles— Decatur 112 
miles,) post village. 

FRANKLIN, (Nashville 19 miles— Decatur 103 
miles,) post village, capital of Williamson Co., Tennessee, 
on the Harpeth river, with which it is connected by 
Turnpike. See Decatur. Franklin contains a bank, 



112 HUNT'S GAZETTEER OF THE 

cotton factory, and iron foundry, and two newspapers. 
Two battles were fought here between the Union and 
Confederate forces, in both of which the latter were de- 
feated. 

THOMPSON, (Nashville 29 miles— Decatur 93 
miles.) 

SPRING HILL, (Nashville 32 miles— Decatur 90 
miles,) a thriving post village. It is situated in the 
midst of a fertile and populous district ; population 
about 500. 

CARTER'S CREEK, (Nashville 3? miles— De- 
catur 85 miles,) post village. 

DUCK RIVER, (Nashville 42 miles— Decatur 80 
miles,) a post village of Hickman Co. 

. COLUMBIA, (Nashville 46 miles— Decatur 76 
miles,) branch to Mount Pleasant diverges. A beautiful 
and thriving post village, capital of Maury Co., on the left 
bank of Duck River. This town has considerable trade, 
and is distinguished by the excellence of its schools. It 
was the seat of Jackson College, and two female semi- 
naries; it contains two banks and four newspaper offices. 
Population about 2500. 

HURRICANE, (Nashville 52 miles— Decatur 10 
miles,) post village. 

PLEASANT GROVE, (Nashville 55 miles— 
Decatur 67 miles,) post village. 

CAMPBELLS, (Nashville 58 miles— Decatur 64 
miles,) flag station. 

LYNVILLE, (Nashville 61 miles— Decatur 58 
miles,) post village of Giles Co. 

BUFORD, (Nashville 61 miles— Decatur 55 miles,) 
nag station. 

REYNOLDS, (Nashville 69 miles— Decatur 53 
miles,) flag station. 

WALES, (Nashville 74 miles — Decatur 48 miles,) 
flag station. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 113 

PULASKI, (Nashville Id miles— Decatur 43 miles,) 
a thriving post village, capital of G-iles County, situated 
on a branch of Elk River, it is a place of active business, 
contains a steam cotton factory, a bank and newspaper 
office. Population 1,400. 

RICHLAND, (Nashville 85 miles— Decatur 31 
miles,) a post village in Giles Co. 

PROSPECT, (Nashville 91 miles— Decatur 31 
miles,) post office. 

STATE LINE, (Nashville 93 miles— Decatur 29 
miles.) P. V. This place as its name indicates is on the 
boundary line between Tennessee and Alabama. 

ELKMONT, (Nashville 99— Decatur 24 miles,) flag 
station. 

ATHENS, (Nashville 10T miles— Decatur 15 
miles,) 154 miles N. N. B. of Tuscaloosa, a flourishing, 
post village, capital of Limestone County, Ala, It con- 
tains a court-house, three churches, one printing office, 
several stores and a female institute, which is the hand- 
somest building in the village. 

M'DONALD'S, (Nashville 112 miles— Decatur 10 
miles,) flag station. 

FOOT'S, (Nashville 114 miles— Decatur 8 miles,) 
flag station. 

JUNCTION, (Nashville 120 miles— Decatur 2 
miles,) Decatur. 



114 hunt's gazetteer of the 

LEXINGTON AND COVINGTON OR 
KENTUCKY CENTRAL R.- R. 



See Index for Adams Express. 

COVINGTON, (Lexington 99 miles,) Covington is 
the northern terminus of the Lexington and Covington 
Railroad, it is a flourishing and important city, built on 
a plain several miles in extent, and the streets are so ar- 
ranged as to appear from the hills back of Cincinnati as 
a continuation of that city. Covington is destined to 
become a large city. Five miles from this place are 
Latonian Springs, which are very fashionable and pleasant 
resorts during the summer season. Population about 
25,000. The facilities of intercourse are such that 
many persons reside here whose place of business is in 
Cincinnati ; here are manufactories of cotton, hemp, 
silk and tobacco, a large rolling-mill and an extensive 
establishment for packing pork and beef. 

DECOURSEY, (Covington 5 miles — Lexington 94 
miles,) post village. 

CULBERTSON, (Covington 1 miles — Lexington 
62 miles,) flag station. 

GRANT, (Covington 10 miles — Lexington 89 
miles,) flag station. 

RYLAND, (Covington 13 miles — Lexington 86 
miles,) post village. 

CANTON, (Covington 15 miles — Lexington 84= 
miles,) flag station. 

BENTON, (Covington 18 miles — Lexington 81 
miles,) a small post village, capital of Marshall County, 
Ky., on Clark River. 

MULLINS, (Covington 21 miles — Lexington 78 
miles,) flag station. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 115 

DEMOSVXLLE, (Covington 25 miles — Lexington 
74 miles.) 

BUTLER, (Covington 28 miles — Lexington 71 
miles,) flag station. 

IRVING, (Covington 33 miles — Lexington 66 
miles.) 

CATAWBA, (Covington 36 m. — Lexington 63 m.) 

FALMOUTH, (Covington 39 miles — Lexington 60 
miles,) post village, capital of Pendleton Co., Ky., on 
Licking River at its junction with its south branch. It 
is 60 miles N. E. of Frankfort. It is situated on a 
beautiful plain, and surrounded by heights which com- 
mand an extensive view. It has four churches and a 
woolen factory. 

• LIVINGOOD, (Covington 43 miles — Lexington 
56 miles.) 

MORGAN, (Covington 47 miles — Lexington 52 
miles,) post village. 

BOYD, (Covington 50 miles — Lexington 49 miles,) 
post office. 

BERRY'S, (Covington 53 miles— Lexington 46 
miles,) flag station. 

ROBINSON, (Covington 55 miles— Lexington 44 
miles,) wood station, 11 miles from Cynthiana. 

GARNETT, (Covington 58 m.— Lexington 41 m.) 

CYNTHIANA, (Covington 66 miles— Lexington 
33 miles.) It is the capital of Harrison Co., situated on 
the south fork of Licking River. Population about 1000. 

LAIR, (Covington 70 miles — Lexington 29 miles,) 
post village. 

SHAWHAN, (Covington 74 miles— Lexington 25 
miles,) flag station. 

KXSER, (Covington 75 miles — Lexington 24 miles,) 
flag station. 



116 hunt's gazetteer of the 

TALBOTT, (Covington 78 miles— Lexington 21 

miles,) post village. 

PARIS, (Covington 80 miles — Lexington 19 miles,) 
post village, capital of Bourbon Co., Ky., on Stoner 
Creek. It is about 40 miles 1ST.E. of Frankfort. This is 
one of the principal stations on the railroad, and has an 
active trade. It contains a fine court house, a branch 
bank, six churches, an academy, a printing office, and 
several mills. Extensive cattle fairs are held here on 
" court days", the first Monday of each month, at which 
not unfrequently from $200,000 to $300,000 worth of 
stock have been sold. Population about 30,000. 

WRIGHT, (Covington 82 miles — Lexington 17 
miles.) 

HITESTON, (Covington 84 miles — Lexington 15 
miles,) flag station. 

HUTCHINSON, (Covington 86 miles— Lexington 
13 miles,) post village. 

LOWS, (Covington 89 miles — Lexington 10 miles.) 

BRYANT, (Covington 92 miles — Lexington 7 
miles.) 

DUNCAN, (Covington 96 miles— Lexington 3 
miles,) post village of Mercer Co., Ky. 

LEXINGTON, (Covington 99 miles.) 



SECOND DIVISION OF KENTUCKY 
CENTEAL EAILE0AD. 



MT. CLEAR, (Lexington 5 miles — Nicholasville 8 
miles,) post office. 

PROVIDENCE. (Lexington 9 miles— Nicholas- 
ville 6 miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 117 

CATNIP HILL, (Lexington 9 miles — Nicholas- 
ville 4 miles,) flag station. . 

HILL DALE, (Lexington 11 miles — Nlcholasville 
2 miles.) 

NICHOLASVILLE, (Lexington 13 miles.) 

Nicholasville is a thriving post village, and capital of 
Jessamine Co., Ky., situated on a small affluent of Ken- 
tucky River, and on the turnpike to Danville, which is 
12 miles further south. A railroad is to be built from 
this place to Knoxville by order of the military author- 
ities. The surrounding country is fertile and well cul- 
tivated. There are several bagging factories here. 
Population 1000. 



LOUISVILLE AND FEANKFOET AND 
LEXINGTON AND FEANKFOET E. E. 



Sec Index for further Railroads. 
GILMAN'S, (Louisville 5 miles — Lexington 89 
miles,) wood and water station. 

RACE COURSE, (Louisville 1 miles— Lexington 
81 miles,) flag station. 

ORMSBY, (Louisville 9 miles — Lexington 85 
miles,) post village. 

HOBBS, (Louis /ille 12 miles— Lexington 82 miles.) 

6'BANNON'S, (Louisville '14 miles— Lexington 80 
miles.) 

SMITH'S, (Louisville 16 miles — Lexington IS 
miles.) 

BEARD'S, (Louisville 18 mile3— Lexington 16 
miles.) 



PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS 

At HUNT'S, Masonic Hall, 

5th Street, Pittsburg, IPa., 

Will always be found a large assortment of Photograph 
Albums of every size, style, price and quality. 

The PHOTOGRAPH ALBUM has become a 
necessity, founded as it is on that most natural desire of 
the human heart to possess some outward representative 
of those who move our love, our admiration, or our 
wonder. Volume will be added to volume, and one of 
the most interesting features of a Mend's parlor or his 
library will hereafter be his 

They will be on every centre table, in every parlor — 
every letter from a friend contributing to their contents — 
soon we will have among us complete panoramas of 
passing humanity, royal and humble, famed and un- 
known. 

It is not a whim of the passing hour — it contains a 
History, a complete Biography in short hand. — The 
observing student will gather from the various faces 
scattered along its fair white pages a more concise and 
true history of the world than mortal has ever penned. 

To all the 

PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM 

will become a necessity. 

Photographs to suit Albums always on hand. 
118 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 119 

BUCKNER'S, (Louisville 23 miles— Lexington 
VI miles.) 

LA GRANGE, (Louisville 2*7 miles — Lexington 
67 miles,) a post village, capital of Oldham Coupty, Ky., 
on the Louisville and Frankfort Eailroad, 46 miles north 
west from Frankfort. It contains one church and an 
institution named the Masonic College. 

JERICHO, (Louisville 32 miles— Lexington 62 
miles,) a post office station. 

SMITHFIELD, (Louisville 35 miles— Lexington 
59 miles,) a post office station. 

EMINENCE, (Louisville 40 miles — Lexington 54 
miles,) a thriving post village of Henry County, Ky., on 
the railroad from Louisville to Frankfort, 40 miles east 
from the former. 

BELLEVIEW, (Louisville 42 miles— Lexington 
52 miles,) a small post village of Christian County, Ky., 
10 miles from Hopkins ville, the county seat. Has 1 
church, and 1 or 2 stores. 

PLEASURES VILLE, (Louisville 45 miles- 
Lexington 50 miles,) a post village of Henry County, 
Ky., on the railroad from Louisville to Frankfort, 45 
miles east from the former. . 

CROPPER'S DEPOT, (Louisville 47 miles — 
Lexington 47 miles,) a post office of Shelby County, 
Ky. 

CHRISTIANSBURG, (Louisville 50 miles — 
Lexington 44 miles,) a post village of Shelby County, 
Ky., 38 miles east from Louisville, and half a mile from 
the Louisville and Frankfort Eailroad. Contains 2 
churches, several stores, 1 steam mill, 1 woolen factory, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

BAGDAD, (Louisville 51 miles — Lexington 42 
miles.) 

NORTH BENSON, (Louisville 56 miles— Lex- 
ington 38 miles.) 



120 hunt's gazetteer of the 

BENSON, (Louisville 60 miles— Lexingtoii 34 
miles.) 

FRANKFORT, (Louisville 65 miles— Lexington 
29 miles,) a handsome town, capital of Kentucky, and 
seat of justice of Franklin County, is beautifully situated 
on the right (or N. E.) bank of Kentucky River, 60 
miles from its mouth, 24 miles westnortkwest from 
Lexington, 53 miles east from Louisville and 550 miles 
from Washington. Lat. 38° 14' N., Ion. 84° 40' W. It 
stands on an elevated plain or valley, between the 
river and the bluff, which rises a short distance behind 
the town to the height of about 150 feet. The river 
which is here near 100 yards wide, flows in a deep chan- 
nel of limestone rock. The eminences on the north- 
east side of the town present a delightful view of the 
picturesque scenery for which this river is so remarkable. 

Frankfort is regularly planned, and generally well 
built. The State-house stands on a small eminence, 
nearly midway between the river and the northern limit 
of the valley. 

It is a handsome edifice of Kentucky marble, quarried 
in the vicinity, with a portico supported by six columns 
of Ionic order. The Governor's house is a plain build- 
ing of brick. Tb.9 other public buildings are : State 
penitentiary, a court-house, 4 churches, 1 academy, and 
2 banking-houses. 

Seven newspapers are published in Frankfort. The 
town is supplied with excellent spring water, which is 
conveyed into the town through iron pipes. It is the 
centre of an activo trade, which * is facilitated by rail- 
roads leading to Louisville and Lexington, and by the 
navigation of the river. The latter has been improved 
by means of dams and locks, so that steamboats can 
ascend from its mouth to the junction of its constituent 
branches. A chain bridge connects the town with the 
village of South Frankfort, on the opposite bank. 
Population about 7,000. 

JUNCTION, (Louisville 70 miles — Lexington 24 
miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 121 

DUCKER'S, (Louisville ?3 miles— Lexington 21 
miles.) 

BIG SPRING, (Louisville 76 miles — Lexington 
18 miles,) a post village of Breckinridge County, Ky., 
about 44 miles southwest from Louisville, is situated 
partly in Meade and Hardin Counties. A large spring 
rises near the middle of the village and flows several 
hundred feet, then sinks into the ground and disappears. 
The village has one church and several stores. 

MIDWAY, (Louisville 80 miles — Lexington 14 
miles,) a handsome post village of Woodford County, 
Ky, on the railroad from Lexington to Frankfort, 14 
miles from each place. It has 3 churches, 3 hemp 
factories and 800 inhabitants. 

PAYNE'S DEPOT, (Louisville 84 miles— Lex- 
ington 10 miles,) a post office of Scott County, Ky. 

YARNBLLTON, (Louisville 81 miles— Lexing- 
ton 7 miles.) 

LEXINGTON, (Louisville9 4 miles,) a handsome 
and wealthy city of Fayette County, Ky., and contains 
a population of about 20,000. It was formerly the 
capital of Kentucky, which has been removed to . 
Frankfort. It is situated on Town Fork of the Elkhorn 
River, 25 miles southeast from Frankfort, 81 miles south 
from Cincinnati, and 94 miles from Louisville. Lat. 38° 
G' N""., Ion. 84° 18' "W. Lexington is the second city in 
the State in population and importance. The State 
Lunatic Asylum, located here, occupies a large and 
beautiful building, capable of accommodating over 300 
patients. This city has several large manufactories and 
cotton warehouses, and its trade with the interior is 
very extensive. 



122 hunt's gazetteer of the 

EAST TENNESSEE AND GEQKGIA 
EAILEOAD. 



FOUNTAIN HILL, (Dalton 9 miles— Knoxville 
101 miles.) * 

STATE LINE, (Dalton 15 miles— Knoxville 95 
miles,) as the name indicates lies contiguous to the 
boundary line between Georgia and Tennessee. 

CLEVELAND, (Dalton 21 miles, Knoxville 83 
miles,) is the capital of Bradley Co., Tenn. It was 
established in 1840, and now contains about 800 in- 
habitants. The adjacent country is fertile and well 
watered. Cleveland has become a conspicuous point in 
railroad matters, it being the terminus of a most im- 
portant cut-off. The Cleveland and Chattanooga Kail- 
road is now complete to this place. Cleveland is 
situated in the mountains, and is very healthy. 

CHARLESTON, (Chattanooga 40 miles— Knox- 
ville 70 miles,) a thriving village of Bradley Co., Tenn., 
is pleasantly situated on tbe Hiawasese River, which 
rises in Georgia, and flows into Tennessee. Population 
about 300. 

RICEVILLE, (Chattanooga 47 miles— Knoxville 
63 miles.) 

ATHENS, (Chattanooga 55 miles— Knoxville 55 
miles,) is the capital of McMinn Co., a fertile district in 
the southern portion of East Tennessee. It contains 
anactive population of over 1000 ; a court house, 3 
churches, printing office, 2 banks, together with 
numerous stores, and the necessary industrial concerns. 
A commendable zeal in the progress of education is 
evinced by the existence of several flourishing institu- 
tions. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 123 

REAGAN'S, (Chattanooga 60 miles — Knoxville 
50 miles.) 

SWEET WATER, (Chattanooga 65 miles— 
Knoxville 45 - miles,) post village of Monroe Co., a dis- 
trict traversed by the Unaka or Smoky Mountain. 

PHILADELPHIA, (Chattanooga J5 miles— Knox- 
ville 35 miles,) situated in Monroe Co. Soil of the sur- 
rounding country is not generally fertile ; staple produc- 
tions are corn, oats, and grass. 

LOUDON, (Chattanooga 82 miles— Knoxville 28 
miles,) named alter the Earl of Loudon, who " com- 
manded the King's troops in America." in 1756. [Lou- 
don and Cumberland are believed to be the only names 
of purely English origin still retained in Tennessee.] 
The surrounding county (Roane) products abundantly 
corn, wheat, oats, and grass. Extensive beds of stone- 
coal and iron ore also exist. Its rivers, the Clinch and 
Holston, intersect at Kingston, and are navigable. 
Cumberland Mountain lies on its western border. 

LENOIR'S, (Chattanooga 90 miles— Knoxville 20 
miles,) situated in Roane Co., and in its name perpet- 
uates that of Gen. William Lenoir, an officer of the 
Revolation. 

CONCORD, (Chattanooga 96 miles— Knoxville 14 
miles,) a small post village in Lincoln Co. This county 
i3 traversed diametrically by Elk River, which divides 
its fertile and abundantly watered surface into two in- 
clined planes sloping toward the river. 

ERIN, (Chattanooga 103 miles — Knoxville 1 miles.) 

KNOXVILLE, (Chattanooga 110 miles— Bristol 
130 miles,) the ancient capital and present metropolis 
of the Eastern section of the State, was laid off in 
1791-92. and named in honor of Gen. Henry Knox, 
then Secretary of War. It was fixed upon by Governor 
Blount as the seat of the Territorial government; and 
after the admission of Tennessee into the Union, in 
1796, it continued to be recognized as'the capital of the 



124 hunt's gazetteer of the 

State, until 1817, when the seat of government was 
removed to Nashville. 

The town is beautifully situated on several high bluffs, 
on the right bank of the Holston, 4 miles below its 
confluence with the French Broad River, and contains 
over 6,000 inhabitants. Its elevated situation com- 
mands a magnificent view of the river, while the Blue 
Mountains of Chilhowee, thirty miles distant, "lend en- 
chantment to the view." Knoxville is the head of 
river navigation — though in high water boats ascend to 
Kingsport. The evidences of the city's prosperity are 
unmistakable, and numerous manufactories are springing 
up in the vicinity — among which that for making win- 
dow glass is more extensive than any other in the 
South. There are five churches, three banks, six news- 
papers, and several academies. The Federal Courts for 
East Tennessee are convened here. 

The city is well supplied with handsome store-houses, 
hotels, and many tasteful private residences ; while, 
among its public edifices, the State Asylum for the 
Deaf and Dumb is especially worthy of note. The 
University of East Tennessee, (founded in 1S0T.) more 
remarkable for its beautiful location than architectural 
elegance, stands on an eminence commanding an ex- 
tensive view in every direction. 

Five miles from the city, in a deserted field, is to be 
seen the ruins of a noted frontier post, reached by the 
pioneer emigrants passing the old trace from the month 
of French Broad to the lower settlements on Nine Mile 
and Pistol Creek. In this vicinity, also, stood the 
cabin of the celebrated Governor Sevier, where hospit il- 
ity was as generously given as it was constantly sought 
by the wandering pilgrim in primitive times. 

"Montvale Springs," a charming summer retreat 
situated in a valley at the base of the Chilhowee Moun- 
tains, 25 miles from Knoxville, is reached by stage- 
line. 

The importance which Knoxvill* assumed upon the 
completion of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad 
in 1852, was but a foretaste of her future when her rela- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 125 

tions shall become firmly established with the valley of 
Virginia and the North. Although the political sceptre 
has departed from Knoxville, it is still regarded iu 
East Tennessee as the great centre of commerce, learn- 
ing, and the arts; and when the whole system of rail- 
roads shall have been completed, and the capacities of 
the country around fully developed, the most sanguine 
hopes of those now interested in its prosperity will 
doubtless be fulfilled. This place ■ was taken by Gen. 
Burnside and occupied Sept. 5, 1863. 

The City of Knoxville: The Guardian of the 
Mountain Pass — the great Highway between the North 
and the South, the East and the "West : The Iron Horse 
is to her the harbinger of unbounded prosperity. 

LEGG'S STATION, (Knoxville 10 miles- 
Bristol 120 miles.) 

STRAWBERRY PLAINS, (Knoxville 16 
miles — Bristol 114 miles,) a title suggestive of a most 
delicious locality, — is a thriving post village of Jefferson 
Co., Tenn. Located on the Holston River, a stream 
which the Indians called " Hogohegee." 

NEW MARKET, (Knoxville 25 miles— Bristol 
105 miles,) is situated in an extended and productive 
valley of Jefferson Co. Holston College, chartered in 
1832, is located here ; also a Female Institute. 

MOSSY CREEK, (Knoxville 29 miles— Bristol 
101 miles,) derives its beautiful title from the stream of 
like name on which it is located, and which furnishes 
an excellent water power. Two cotton factories have 
been established. 

TALBOTT'S (Knoxville 33 miles— Bristol 97 
miles) Mills, located in Jefferson Co. 

MORRISTOWN, (Knoxville 42 miles— Bristol 83 
miles,) is a village also pleasantly situated in one of the 
fertile valleys of Jefferson Co. 

RTJSSELVILLE, (Knoxville 48 miles— Bristol 
82 miles,) located in a section of Jefferson Co. known aa 



126 hunt's gazetteer or the 

New Market Valley, and lying between Massanutten 
and North Mountains. 

BULL'S GAP, (Knoxville 56 miles— Bristol 74 
miles,) was for a considerable time the southern ter- 
minus of the stage-route of 50 miles extending to "Wa- 
tauga Eiver — the unfinished portion on this road — 
recently completed. 

BLUB SPRING, (Knoxville 65 miles— Bristol 65 
miles,) is an exact half-way point between the termini 
of this road, and located in Stewart Co., Tenn. 

GREENVILLE, (Knoxville 74 miles— Bristol 56 
miles,) the capital of Greene Co., Tenn., is a flourishing 
town of about 1,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of 
Greenville College, which was founded in 1794, and 
also boasts a newspaper office. 

PULTON'S, (Knoxville 83 miles— Bristol 47 miles,) 
located in Greene Co., a district abounding in high 
ridges and fertile valleys, well-timbered, and plentifully 
supplied with good springs. 

LIMESTONE (Knoxville 87 miles— Bristol 43 
miles,) Springs, a post village of Greene Co., Tennessee. 
Extensive mines of iron ore are worked throughout the 
county, the streams furnishing ample motive power. 

JONESBORO', (Knoxville 98 miles— Bristol 32 
miles,) is the oldest town in East Tennessee, and a place 
of some historic interest. Here the first log court-house 
in the State was hewn out of the virgin forest, and in 
which justice was dispensed to the hardy pioneers. 
Here, too, the forest soldiers and statesmen convened to 
devise plans of w r ar and policy against the common 
enemy, and when triumphant success had rewarded 
their valor, they met here in factious wnmglings and 
fights to dispose of their new-found independence. 

Near Jonesboro', in the valley of Boone's Creek, still 
remaiua a venerable beech tree, upon which is engraven 
this peculiar — but, to some doubtful — record of primitive 
doings: 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATE3. 127 

D. Boon 
CillED A. BAR on 
Tree 
in ThE yEAR 
1160 
Jonesboro' was named after "Willie Jone8, Esq., of 
Halifax, N. C, and established by the Legislature of 
that State in 11 1 9. It is the capital of Washington Co., 
and — it has been remarked — presents " an old-fashioned, 
substantial air, as if the people who built it intended to 
live there for the rest of their days." The town is 
snugly and modestly nestled in a beautiful valley, which 
is abundantly supplied, with water power, while the 
adjacent hills are crowned with neat private residences, 
and several academies of some architectural pretension. 
Population about 1,500. 

JOHNSON, (Knoxville 105 miles— Bristol 25 
miles). 

CARTER, (Knoxville 110 miles— Bristol 20 miles.) 

UNION, (Knoxville 119 miles— Bristol 11 miles). 

BRISTOL, (Knoxville 130 miles— Lynchburg 204 
miles) is described by that curious and very entertaining 
artist-traveler, Porte Crayon, as " a straggling, half-finish- 
ed village, which has lately sprung up at the terminus of 
the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad — lying partly in 
Virginia and partly in Tennessee. The locality was 
formerly called King's Meadows, and owned by General 
Evan Shelby, a heroic hunting-shirt soldier and states- 
man, whose house and tomb are both to be seen at a 
short distance from the 'Magnolia' Hotel. Shelby's 
dwelling was a rude log building, characteristic of the 
times in which he lived, and the tomb, which, with two 
others, occupies a little eminence shaded by a group of 
trees, consists of a coffin-shaped slab of iron, with the 
inscription : ' General Evan Shelby, Died December 
14th, 1704, Aged 14.' (The date there given is evi- 
dently wrong, and was intended for 1804.) So much 
for the historic associations of Bristol. There is, how- 



128 hunt's gazetteer of the 

ever, nothing particularly romantic in its present condi- 
tion. 

" There are now to be seen straggling railway tracks, 
of empty and loaded cars, engines puffing and fuming, 
vast pil'dS of wood, machineshops, and taverns. There 
are warehouses full of wheat and corn, great herds of 
grunting, unambitious swine, about to travel in the cars 
for the first time in their lives. There are crowds of 
busy men drinking "bald-face" and chewing tobacco, 
speculators in laud and pork, insolent (superseded) stage- 
drivers, gaping country folks, babbling politicians, and 
careless negroes, who if they had sense enough would 
laugh at their masters, but wanting that, laugh their fill 
at one another." 



VIRGINIA AND TENNESSEE B. B. 



What a Raileoad wilt. Do.— The Virginia and Tennessee 
Railroad is 204 miles in length and cost about $7,000,000. In 
1850, the taxable value of the land in the counties through 
which it passes, as taken from the census, was $'2>,94'2.647 — and 
in 1S5G the State assessment makes it $58,917,'2'29 ! or an increase 
in 6 years of $20,305,558. This sudden increase is alone 
the result of an internal improvement, which has cost only 
$7,000,000. • 

ABINGDON, (Bristol 15 miles— Lynchburg 189 
miles,) is the capital of Washington County, Virginia. 
It is pleasantly situated iu a valley, midway between 
the main forks of Ifolston River, about 7 miles from 
each, it is 8 miles north of the boundary line between 
Virginia and Tennessee. The town occupies an elevated 
site, is well built, has some Macadamized streets, and 
contains over 1, '200 population. It boasts G churches, 3 
academies, 2 printing offices, and sundry manufactories 
of leather. Although this place is estimated the most 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 129 

considerable and flourishing* in Southwestern Virginia, 
the facetious Porte Crayon denominates it " a neat, 
pleasant-looking little town, but very dull, nothing to 
do and nothing to see, -and very little sociability." 

GLADE SPRING, (Bristol 28 miles— Lynchburg 
176 miles ) one of the villages of "Washington County, 
is principally noted as the seat of Emory and Henry 
College, an institution founded by the Methodist De- 
nomination, in 1838. 

From this point a Branch Railroad extends 9 miles- to 
Saltville, a small town situated near the north folk of 
Holstou River, and where are located two extensive 
salt-works. Saltville is romantically located amidst a 
chain of conical hills, at the head of this celebrated Salt 
Valley. The transportation was formerly done, with 
wagons to Buchanan and Lynchburg, but the moro ex- 
peditious railroad has sent them " glimmering among the 
things that were." 

SEVEN MILE FORD, (Bristol 37 miles — 
Lynchburg 167 miles,) located in Smythe County, Va. — 
a district named in honor of General Alexander 
Smythe, a member of Congress from " the Old Do- 
minion." 

MARION (Bristol 44 miles— -Lynchburg 160 miles) 
is the capital of Smythe County, and situated on the 
Middle Fork of Holston River. It is also a point on the 
old turnpike from Baltimore to Nashville. The sur- 
rounding country is a valuable region, prolific in corn, 
hay, wheat, oats, and butter. Limestone and gypsum 
are also abundant, and the principal items of manufac- 
ture are lumber, iron, salt, and leather. 

MOUNT AIRY, (Bristol 59 miles— Lynchburg 
145 miles.) In order that the traveler may understand 
his position here, we give the recent experience of a 
correspondent : " By a gradual elevation you ascend 
from the head of tide-water at Petersburg, by the South 
Side Railroad to Lynchburg, where you take the Vir- 
ginia and Tennessee Railroad. From Lynchburg the 



130 hunt's gazetteer of the 

ascent is rapid until, passed the Blue Ridge, you gain 
the summit of the Alleghanies at Mount Airy, 6,000 
feet above the level of the sea. Thence the travel is 
down-grade by a proportional- ratio until Bristol is 
reached, from which point, along the route of the East 
Tennessee and Virginia Railroad to Knoxville, the 
country seems very level. The change in the tempera- 
ture between "Washington or Petersburg and Mount 
Airy was very marked. On leaving the former points, 
I should have regarded overcoats as an incumbrance, 
but on reaching the latter point I deemed it a very es- 
sential appendage." 

WYTHE VILLE, (Bristol 72 miles— Lynchburg 
132 miles,) is the modern titlo of an Old stopping-place 
known as Evansham, located on the Baltimore and 
Nashville Turnpike. It is well situated among the 
Alleghany Mountains, in an elevated valley or plateau 
— the Iron Mountain lying on the South, and Walker's 
Mountain (a sublime- featuro in the scenery of this 
region) bordering on the northwest. It is the capital of 
Wythe County, and has a population estimated at 1,300. 
The local trade is considerable, and greatly facilitated 
by a bank. 

MAC'S MEADOW, (Bristol 80 miles— L\ 
burg 124 miles,) or Macksburg, situated in 
County, Virginia. Adjacent country is mountainous, 
and the soil — excepting that which borders on the 
creeks and rivers — is unproductive. 

MARTIN'S, (Bristol 92 miles— Lynchburg 112 
miles.) 

NEWBERN (Bristol 100 miles— Lynchburg 104 
miles) Depot, is three miles from the town. It is 
located in Pulaski Couuty, Va., the capital of which is 
Newborn. Respecting tho town, a visitor writes: "It 
is rather a lonesome-looking village, situated on a hill, 
with a hotel of very unpromising exterior; but the 
dinner I got at Bagsby's was a surprise ; it was uncom- 
monly good, and only served to remind me of what I 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 131 

knew before — that, to appreciate life in Virginia, one 
must see the inside of their houses." The town con- 
tains 500 inhabitants. 

The New River, which flows near by, has upon its 
bank a vertical wall, or series of cliffs, formed by na- 
ture, and which Porte Crayon thus sketches: "They 
rise like a vast rampart to the height of three or four 
hundred feet above the river, which washes their base 
for a distance of four miles. The perpendicular face of 
the cliffs is perforated with numerous holes and caverns, ' 
and broken into varied and picturesque forms by the 
scaling of the strata. In many places these square 
breaks occur with such regularity that, when struck 
aslant by the sunlight, they resemble ranged archi- 
tectural openings. This feature has procured for tbem 
the far-fetched appellation of ' The Glass "Windows.' " 

Pulaski Alum Springs, in Pulaski County, on Little 
"Water Creek, is 10 miles northwest of Newbern. 

%W Passengers here take stages for the Eed and 
Salt Sulphur Springs, 38 miles distant These springs 
are deemed highly efficacious in the speedy cure of 
most cases of pulmonary consumption, bronchial affec- 
tions, chronic diarrhea, dyspepsia, and disease of the 
brain. 

CENTRAL DEPOT, (Bristol 108 miles— Lynch- 
burg 96 miles.) 

CHRISTIANSBURG, (Bristol 118 miles — 
Lynchburg 83 miles) is tho capital of Montgomery 
County, Virginia, and a point on the old stage route 
from Richmond to Nashville. It was laid out in tho 
year 1192, and now contains a population of lOO. Salt 
Pond Mountain lies north of this place. 

Passengers stop hero for the Yellow Sulphur Springs, 
situated almost immediately on tho summit of tho 
Alleghany Mountains, in Montgomery County, and 
about 3£ miles from Christiansburg Depot. To per- 
sons seeking health and pleasure they afford most de- 
lightful retreats. The powerful curative properties of 
this water have been long established as very eft 



132 hunt's gazetteer of the 

in diseases of the skin, stomach, and bowels ; and for 
chronic diarrhea it is regarded as a specific. [See Ad- 
vertisement.] 

BIG TI3TOTEL, (Bristol 126 miles— Lynchburg 
78 miles,) stopping-place for passengers en route to the 
Montgomery White Sulphur Springs; situated on the 
Eastern slope of the Allegbanies, near the summit, in 
Montgomery County, Virginia, within 1-| miles of the 
Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, from which there is 
a branch road to the door of the Reception House. 
These waters have been resorted to for many years by 
people of the surrounding country, and since the place 
has been improved, by a very large number of visitors from 
many sections of the Uniou. To the seekers of health 
or pleasure, this place presents many attractions. In 
addition to the railroad by which visitors can be 
brought to the door of the Reception House, there are 
also facilities for acccs3 by way of the New River While 
Sulphur Springs and the celebrated Salt Lake, to the 
Red, Salt, Greenbrier "White Sulphur and Sweet Springs. 
The Lynchburg and Abingdon Telegraph Company have 
constructed a branch of their line to these springs, and 
opened an office. 

SHAWSVILLE, (Bristol 12S miles— Lynchburg 
76 miles,) a post village of Montgomery Co. This 
county is situated at the northwestern base of the Blue 
Ridge, and lias a very rugged surface, for the mo3t part 
rocky and unproductive. 

Passengers here take coaches to the All ghauv 
Springs, in Montgomery Co., Virginia, three mil ."3 from 
Shawsville. This resort is one of the most attractive 
and agreeablo places of sojourn in the Southern country. 
The springs have been demonstrated to possess high 
medicinal properties, and ar i situated in the midst of 
beautiful scenery, and in a most healthful and salubrious 
climate. 

BIG- SPRING. (Bristol 131 miles— Lynchburg 73 
miles.) is one of the celebrated Alleghany Mountain 
health-pools, for which Virginia is so widely celebrated. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 133 

THOMAS',. (Bristol 134 mi.— Lynchburg 70 mi.) 

SALEM, (Bristol 144 miles— Lynchburg GO miles,) 
is a very neat and pleasant town, situated on the 
Roanoke River,, which rises in the southern part of 
Virginia, and flows into North Carolina. It is located 
in the midst of a fine limestone country, in the great 
valley between the Blue Ridge and North Mountain. 
Salem is the capital of Roanoke Co., and contains one 
bank, three churches, and 600 population. Several 
mills of various kinds operate in and about the town. 

(jJ3p~ Pleasure travelers stop off here for the Green- 
brier White Sulphur, and the Old Sweet and Red Sweet 
Sulphur Springs. 

BIG LICK, (Bristol 151 miles— Lynchburg 53 
miles,) or Gainsborough, is a small post village of 
Roanoke Co., Virginia. 

GISH'S MILL, (Bristol 154 miles— Lynchburg 
50 miles.) 

BONSACK'S, (Bristol 157 miles— Lynchburg 47 
miles. Travelers have access from this point to the 
Sweet and White Sulphur Springs, and the towns of 
Kanawha, and Charleston, capital of Kanawha Co. 

BUFORD'S, (Bristol 107 miles— Lynchburg 37 
miles,) a village of Bedford Co., Virginia, an elevated 
section in the central part of the State. 

glP Passengers stop hero for the Roclcbridge Alum 
Springs, situated in Rockbridge Co., on the main road 
from Lexington to the Warm Springs, 17 miles from the 
first, and 22 from the second point. The valley in which 
they are found lies below tho North Mountain on the 
East, and the Mill Mountain on tho West. 

THAXTON'S, (Bristol 174 miles— Lynchburg 30 
miles.) 

LIBERTY, (Bristol 180 miles— Lynchburg 24 
miles), the shire-town of Bedford Co., Virginia, is a 
beautiful place of about 900 population. It "contains a 
handsome court-house and four churches.. The famous 



134 hunt's gazetteer of the 

" Peaks of Otter'' uplift their gigantic and awful forms 7 
miles distant from Liberty, although they appear to be 
in the immediate vicinity. Every reader of Virginia 
Illustrated, will remember the author's visit to these 
heights, which he thus describes : 

" The Peaks of Otter are in Bedford Co., on the south- 
eastern front 'of the Blue Ridge, and about sixteen miles 
distant from the Natural Bridge. Their height above 
the level country at their base is estimated at four thou- 
sand two hundred and sixty feet, and more than five 
thousand feet above the Ocean tides. They have here- 
tofore been considered the highest points in Virginia, 
but by recent measurements the Iron Mountains appear 
to overtop them. The North Peak, called the Round 
Top, has the largest base, ami is said to be the highest, 
but the difference is not appreciable by the eye. From 
a distance its summit presents an outline like a Cupid's 
bow. 

"The South Peak is considered the greater curiosity, 
and receives almost exclusively the attention of visitors. 
Its shape is that of a regular cone, terminating in a sharp 
point or points, formed by the irregular pyramids of 
grauite boulders. The largest of these heaps is about 
sixty feet in height, and upon its apex stands an egg- 
shaped rock, about ten feet in diameter. It seems so 
unsecurely placed, that it would require apparently but 
little force to send it thundering down the side of the 
mountain. It has nevertheless resisted the efforts of 
more than one mischievous party. The remarkal le 
regularity of this peak, in all its aspects, would give the 
impression that it owed its formation to volcanic action, 
but there is nothing more than its shape to sustain the 
idea." 

GOOBE'S. (Bristol 1S3 miles — Lynchburg 16 miles.) 
Bedford Co.. Virginia. 
FOREST, (Bristol 104 miles— Lynchburg 10 miles,) 

in same county. 

CLAY'S, (Bristol 196 miles— Lynchburg 8 miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 135 

LYNCHBURG,- (Bristol 204 miles— Burkesville 
11 miles,) the great tobacco emporium and famed spot 
in Ethiopian minstrelsy, was founded in 1*786, but not 
incorporated until 1805. It is the fifth important town 
in the commonwealth, and its population is reported 
12,000. It seems, unfortunately, to occupy a steep de- 
clivity on the right bank of James Biver, which is about 
200 yards wide, and spanned by a fine bridge. The 
town is substantially built, and contains a number of 
fine private residences, but no public buildings worthy 
of remark. 

Lynchburg is also connected with Richmond by the 
James Biver and Kanawha Canal, the greatest among 
Virginia's public works — a distance of 147 miles. This 
has diverted much of the original trade from the river. 
" Twenty years ago the river was crowded with boats, 
and its shores alive with sable boatmen — such groups ! 
such attitudes! such costume! such character!" re- 
marks a lamenting artist — but business shows this same 
canal navigation to have rendered the town the market 
of an extensive and fertile tract of country. 

Over 15,000,000 pounds of tobacco are inspected at 
Lynchburg annually, and about 300,000 bushels of 
wheat received. The river affords abundant water- 
power for the working of various factories manufacturing- 
cotton, wool, tobacco, &c. ; also, sundry iron and brags 
foundries. The town is supplied with water from the 
river, by works erected in 1829, at a cost of $50,000. 
The reservoir is elevated 253 feet above the river, and 
contains 400,000 gallons. 

Lynchburg is situated in Campbell Co., and is the 
principal town. The county is named in honor of Gen. 
William Campbell, an officer of the Revolution. 

[The Natural Bridge of Virginia, being situated in the 
neighborhood of the Virginia Springs, the routes pointed 
out in connection with the latter will serve the tourist 
in visiting this great curiosity. The Bridge, which is of 
limestone rock, spans a small stream called Cedar Creek, 
and is two hundred and fifteen feet in height by ninety 
feet in length. The view from above or below is fear- 



136 hunt's gazetteer of the 

fully grand, and calculated to strike awe into the mind 
of the observer, viewed from any point. On the face 
of the rock may be seen the name of "Washington, carved 
by his own hand in bold legible characters. Distance 
from Lynchburg, the nearest railway station, 41 miles.] 



PETERSBURG AND LYNCHBURG 
(SOUTH SIDE) RAILROAD. 



CONCORD, (Lynchburg 13 miles — Burkesville 57 
miles,) is located in Appomattox Co., Va., a section di- 
versified by several small ranges of mountains, and 
covered with extensive forests, but possessing a generally 
fertile soil. 

APPOMATTOX, (Lynchburg 24 miles— Burkes- 
ville 46 miles) Depot, a post village of Amelia Co., Va 
Situated in a diversified section. The soil of the valleys 
is naturally fertile, but has been impoverished by long 
and improper cultivation. Portions of it having been 
"turned out," have been sold at merely nominal rates. 

PAMPLIN'S (Lynchburg 36 miles— Burkesville 
34 miles.) 

PROSPECT, (Lynchburg 44 miles— Burkesville 
26 miles,) is in Prince Edward Co., Va. Copper, stone 
coal, and marl abound in this district. Tobacco, Indian 
corn, wheat and oats are the staple produetions of the 
surrounding country. 

FARMVILLE, (Lynchburg 54 miles— Burkesville 
16 miles,) in same county, is finely situated on the Ap- 
pomattox River, 68 miles southwest of Richmond. The 
river is navigable for batteaux of 5 or 6 Ions, at all 
seasons, from this place to its confluence with the James 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 137 

River, at City Point. Farmville contains a stirring popu- 
lation of 1,800, engaged in active trade. Several to- 
bacco factories operate here. 

RICE'S, (Lynchburg G2 miles— Burkesville 8 miles,) 
Depot, in Prince Edward Co., Va. This county is 
drained by Harris, Briery, Bush and Sandy Creeks, in 
addition to the Appomattox Paver. 

BURKESVILLE, (Lynchburg 70 miles— Rich- 
mend 53 miles,) in Prince Edward Co., is the point of 
intersection of the Petersburg and Lynchburg, and 
Richmond and Danville Railroads. The line from this 
point to Richmond forms a cut-off to the route via Pe- 
tersburg, and saves to the direct northern traveler a 
distance of twenty-two miles. 

[PETERSBURG, (Burkesville 53 miles— Rich- 
mond 22 miles, ). situated in Dinwiddio County, Virginia, 
is the third town of Virginia . in size and population, 
and is situated on tho southern bank of the Appomat- 
tox River. The river is navigable up to this point for 
vessels of one hundred tons, and such as are of greater 
tonnage discharge their cargoes six miles below, at 
Waltham's Landing. Petersburg has great commercial 
facilities, having abundant water-power; and numerous 
canal and railway communications. Vast quantities of 
tobacco and flour are exported from this place an- 
nually. It is a well built town, has several large manu- 
factories, pretty churches, three banks, and publishes 
as many newspapers. In the year 1815 it was almost 
destroyed by fire ; over four hundred buildings, and an 
immense amount of property, were consumed. The 
houses were then mostly frame, but are now built of 
brick. Population, 19,000.] 



138 hunt's gazetteer of the 



RICHMOND AND DANVILLE E. E. 



JENNING'S ORDINARY, (Burkesville 3 miles 
— Richmond 50 miles.) 

JETERSVILLE, (Burkesville 10 miles— Rich- 
mond 43 miles,) a village of "Amelia County, Va. 

AMELIA COURT-HOUSE, (Burkesville 17 
miles — Richmond 3G miles,) an inconsiderable village, 
and shiretown of Amelia County, Virginia. Popula- 
tion about 250. The Appomattox River forms about 
half tho boundary of this county, which is also drained 
by Namazine, Flat, and Deep creeks. 

CHULA, (Burkesville 23 miles— Richmond 30 
miles.) 

MATTOAX, (Burkesville 2G miles— Richmond 27 
miles.) 

POWEATTAN, (Burkesville 3L miles— Rich 
mond 22 miles,) located in Powhattan County, named 
after the chieftain-father of tho heroic Pocahontas — 
both so familiarly identified with the history of the 
" Old Dominion." 

TOMAHAWK, (Burkesvillo & miles— Richmond 
18 miles.) 

COALFIELD, (Burkesville 40 miles— Richmond 
13 miles.) Extensive mines of bituminous coal exist 
throughout this region. 

ROBIO'S, (Burkesville 43 miles — Richmond 10 
miles.) 

MANCHESTER, (Burkesville 52 miles— Rich- 
mond 1 mile,) situated in Chesterfield County, Virginia, 
on tho James river, opposite Richmond, with which i| 
and Spring Hill are connected by three bridges. It has 
a beautiful situation, and contains several elegant resi- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 139 

dences of persons who transact business in the city. Its 
population is nearly two thousand, and it has two 
churches, and manufactories of tobacco, cotton, and 
flour. 



BIOHMOND, FEEDEEXCK AND 
POTOMAC EAJLEOAD, 



RICHMOND, (Burkesville 46 miles— Gordonsville 
1G miles,) the capital of Virginia, is situated in Henrico 
County, on the left bank of James River. Besides being 
the capital, it is the largest town in Virginia, and one 
of the handsomest in the United States. The scenery 
in the vicinity is picturesque in the extreme, and the 
river, winding among the hills, and studded with islands, 
is very beautiful. On Shockoe Hill is the Capitol, a 
stately edifice, standing in a public square or park, 
ornamented with shade trees. It contains Houdon's 
celebrated statue of Washington, taken from life, and 
said to be the best likeness, in marble, extant of that 
great man. Another fine building is the City Hall, of 
Grecian architecture. The State Penitentiary is also 
located here. Tho streets are planned with great regu- 
larity, for tho most part intersecting each other at right 
angles. Main Street is the fashionable promenade and 
chief business thoroughfare. Richmond has about 
twenty-five churches, numerous benevolent institutions, 
governor's residence, court-house and jail, an armory, 
two market houses, a theatre, three banks, several in- 
surance offices, and a largo newspaper and periodica! 
press of conceded ability. 

Of late years, and since the opening of canals and ex- 
tension of railways, Richmond has greatly increased in 



140 hunt's gazetteer of the 

wealth and population. The chief manufactures pro- 
duced here are tobacco, (the staple article,) flour,- cot- 
ton and woolen goods, paper, and iron ware. The city 
enjoys an abundance of water-power from the Falls in 
the vicinity, and is also supplied with water works. The 
population is 35,000. Richmond has a daily steamboat 
communication with Baltimore and Norfolk, and with 
Philadelphia and New York semi- weekly. 

. Among the objects of interest contained in Rich- 
mond, is Monumental Church, which occupies the site of 
the old theatre, which was burned in 1811, on 
which mournful occasion the Governor of Virginia and 
sixty others perished in the flames. The old church 
standing on Church Hill, where the immortal Patrick 
Henry is said to have delivered his famous speech, con- 
cluding with the noble words, " Give me liberty, or 
give me death," is still visited as an object of venera- 
tion. It was the place where the first House of Bur- 
gesses of Virginia met, and' is still in good preservation, 
and is now occupied by a Protestant Episcopal congre- 
gation. 

The institutions of the city comprise the Virginia 
Historical and Philosophical Society ; Richmond College, 
founded by the Baptists in 1832 ; St. Vincent's College, 
under Catholic direction ; and the Medical Department 
of Hampden and Sydney College, established in 1838. 
A number of good hotels are also among the " institu- 
tions" worthy of note. 

In the matter of railroads, Richmond has long been 
recognized as important among southern centres. Its 
connections with the northern and southern cities upon 
the Atlantic coast, have been sufficiently direct; but the 
great .South west, which has been thusfar only accessible 
by most circuitous routes, now invites " i lie head and 
front' of "the Mother of Presidents" to a cordial inter- 
change of friendship and business. The Virginia Central 
Railroad, already completed 173 miles to Goshen, leads 
to a conuocrion with the Ohi. James River, which 
affords constant navigation with Chesapeake Bay on the 
east, completes the communication toward all the com- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 141 

pass-points. These facilities of business intercourse 
augur wealth and prosperity to Eichmond. 

Richmond is now the seat of Government of the so 
called Confederate States of America, 75 miles from 
Acquia Creek. 

HUNGARY", (Richmond 8 miles — Acquia Creek 
67 miles,) is a small post village on the R. F. & P. R. R. 

ASHLAND, is a flag station on the R. F. & P. R.R. 

TAYLORS VILLE, (Richmond 20 miles— 
Acquia Creek 55 miles,) a post village in Hanover 
County, on the R. F. & P. R. R. 

JUNCTION, (Richmond 23 miles — Acquia Creek 
52 miles,) a branch road runs from here to Gordon svilie 
49 miles west. 

CHESTERFIELD, (Richmond 25 miles— Acquia 
Creek 50 miles,) a post village on the R. F. &, P. R. R. 

MILFORD, (Richmond 38 miles— Acquia Creek 
37 miles,) a post village of Caroline County, Ya., on the 
R. F. & P. R. R. 

GUINEAS, (Richmond 48 miles— Acquia Creek 27 
miles,) a wood and water station on the R. F. & P. R. R. 

FREDERICKSBURG, (Richmond 60 miles— 
Acquia Creek 15 miles,) the chief town of Spottsylvania 
County, Va., on the right bank of the Rappahannock 
River, at the head of tide water. This place is noted 
for the battle fought here on December 13, 18G2, be- 
tween the federal forces under Gen. Burnside and the 
rebel forces under Gen. Lee, resulting in the repulse of 
the federals. Another battle was fought on nearly the 
same ground on April 30, 1863, the federals were 
again repulsed, 

ACQUIA CREEK, (75 miles from Richmond,) 
is the terminus of the R. F. & P. R. R. on the Potomac 
River. During the fall and winter of 1862, this place 
was used as the base of supply for tho federal army 
during their stay about Fredericksburg. 



142 H¥NT S GAZETTEER OF THE 



VIRGINIA. CENTRAL RAILROAD, 



ATLEY'S, (Richmond 9 mi.— Gordonsville 67 mi.) 
HANOVER COURT HOUSE, (Richmond 18 
miles — Gordonsville 58 miles,) is the capital of Hanover 
County, Va., and situated about a mile from Parnunkey 
River. This town and vicinity not only awakens 
pleasant memories in its history of the patriotism and 
ardor of Patrick Henry, but is also renowned as the 
native district of the gallant Henry Clay, who was born 
amid the " Slashes of Hanover," in 1*77*7. The vener- 
able homestead — a little, one-story, frame building, with 
dormer windows, and large, outside, gable chimneys — is 
still to be seen within four miles of the town. 

JUNCTION, (Richmond 27 miles— Gordonsville 
49 miles,) in Hanover Count}', is the point where the 
Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad, lead- 
ing northward, crosses tho Virginia Central. The 
singular position of these two roads may be likened to 
an arc and its perpendicular chord, or to an archer's 
bow, tight-strung. 

BEAVER DAM (Richmond 40 miles— Gordons- 
ville 36 miles.) Depot, is a post village of Hanover 
County — a hilly district, presenting much diversity of 
soil, and drained by streams which afford considerable 
water power. Tho dividing line between tho primary 
and tertiary formations passes through Hanover County. 

FREDERICK HALL, (Richmond 50 miles— 
Gordonsville 26 miles,) is situated in Louisa County. 
Va., formed in 1742. The adjacent country is hilly ; 
tho soil, originally fertile, has been partly exhausted. 
Gold mines have been worked in this county, but with 
little remuneration. 

TOLERGVILLE, (Richmond 56 miles— Gordons- 
ville 20 miles,) in Omngo county. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 143 

LOUISA COURT HOUSE, (Eichmond 62 
miles — Gordonsville 14 miles,) is the capital of Louisa 
Comity, and contains a population of about 550. 

TREVILIAN'S, (Richmond 67 miles— Gordons- 
ville 9 miles,) Depot, in same county. 

GORDONSVILLE, (Richmond 76 miles— Alex- 
andria 88 miles,) is the present southern terminus of the 
Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and intersecting point 
with the Virginia Central. It contains 100 inhabitants. 
Its railroad connections have given it considerable im- 
portance. 

"When the proposed connection is made between Gor- 
donsville and Lynchburg (by the Lynchburg and Char- 
lottesville, and a short extension of the 0. and A. 
Roads) the majority of northern travel which now goes 
via Burkesville or Petersburg, Richmond, and Fredericks- 
burg, will undoubtedly seek this more direct and expedi- 
tious route. From Gordonsville, also, the Virginia Central 
continues, via Charlottesville and Staunton, through 
the spring, mountain and cave region, 97 miles to Gohsem 



OEANGE AND ALEXANDEXA E, E, 



MADISON, (Gordonsville 4 miles — Alexandria 84 
miles,) situated in Orange Co., Va., which derives its 
name from the color of the soil in tho highlands, which 
were included in its original boundary. Population of 
the town, 500. 

ORANGE COURT HOUSE, (Gordonsville 9 
miles — Alexandria 79 miles,) is the capital of Orange 
Co., and at present contains 900 inhabitants. Four miles 
from town, is "Montpelier," celebrated as having been 



144 hunt's gazetteer of the 

the former residence of James Madison. Orange Co. 
contains limestone, iron ore, and small quantities of 
gold. It has a hilly, fertile and well-watered soil, 
producing corn, wheat, oats, hay, and tobacco. 

RAPIDAN, (Gordonsville 14 miles — Alexandria 
74 miles,) derives its name from a river which divides 
Green and Orange Counties on the right, and Madison 
and Culpepper on the left, and empties into the Rappa- 
hannock near Fredericksburg. 

MITCHELL'S, (Gordonsville 19 miles— Alexan- 
dria 69 miles.) 

CULPEPPER COURT HOUSE, (Gordons- 
ville 26 miles — Alexandria 62 miles,) the capital of the 
county, was originally called "Fairfax," after Lord 
Fairfax, well-known as a wealthy proprietor in the early 
days of the "Old Dominion." It was subsequently 
named after the county, which derives its title from 
Lord Culpepper, who was Governor of Virginia, in 
1681. The town was founded in 1759, and contains 
about 1,200 inhabitants. The adjacent country is a 
finely diversified and productive region, boasting a high 
state of cultivation. 

glF* Stages from this point to Luray and Newmarket. 

BRANDY", (Gordonsville 32 miles— Alexandria 56 
miles,) Station, is in same county, and like " Strawberry 
Plains," a very suggestive cognomen. [Those verdant 
tourists, who, when between Stevenson and Chatta- 
nooga, the brakemen exclaim "Look Out!" mistake the 
announcement, and actually subject themselves to decap- 
itation by poking their heads out of the car-windows, 
will, no doubt, when similar officials announce "Bran- 
dy!" on this road, recognize it as an invitation to como 
up and imbibe !"] 

RAPPAHANNOCK, (Gordonsville 37 miles- 
Alexandria 51 miles,) is familiar as being the name of 
a county, and one of Virginia's noble rivers. 

BEALETON, (Gordonsville 41 miles— Alexandria 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 145 

47 miles,) a post village of Fauquier Co. — a district 
named iu honor of Francis Fauquier, Governor of Vir- 
ginia in 1759. This county is also noted as being the 
birth district of John Marshall, once our country's Chief 
Justice — "one of the few, the immortal names." 

WARRENTON JUNCTION, (Gordonsville 47 
miles — Alexandria 41 miles.) in same county. 
|W° Change cars for Warrenton. 

[WARRENTON. (on Branch Road— Junction 9 
miles,) the beautiful capital of Fauquier Co., boasts a 
delightful situation, in a picturesque find fertile region 
of country, and possesses an active trade. It contains a 
tine court house, churches, two academies, and news- 
paper offices. Population 1800. Stages run from War- 
renton to the " Fauquier White Sulphur Springs."] 

WEAVERSVILLE, (Gordonsville 50 miles- 
Alexandria 38 miles,) in same county, Fauquier, which 
region contains valuable beds of magnesia and soap- 
stone. 

BRISTOB, (Gordonsville 57 miles— Alexandria 31 
miles.) 

MANASSAS, (Gordonsville 01 miles — Alexandria 
27 miles,) is in Prince William Co. It is the Junction- 
point of the Manassas Gap Railroad, which now operates 
88 miles to Strasburg, a town in Shenandoah Co. This 
route (as contemplated) runs in a north-westerly direc- 
tion, through Manassas Gap, towards Winchester, and 
then deflecting southward, traverses ono of the Alle- 
ghany Valleys — almost parallel with the Orange and 
Alexandria Road — until it connects with the Virginia 
Central at Staunton : the whole district being 162 
miles. 

UNION- MILLS, (Gordonsville (35 miles— Alexan- 
dria 23 miles,) a post village of Fluvanna Co., and 
located on Rivanna River, which flows through the 
centre of the same. The river affords excellent water 
power facilities for manufacturing, which advantage is 



146 hunt's gazetteer of the 

appreciated in the operating of a cotton factory and sev- 
eral other mills. Population 300. 

FAIRFAX, (Gordonsville 11 miles — Alexandria 17 
miles,) Court House, a small town of 350 souls, is the 
capital of Fairfax Co. This district lies between the 
Potomac and Occoquan, and borders also on Maryland 
and the District of Columbia; was established in 1742, 
and immortalizes the name of Lord Fairfax. It will be 
remembered, that Mount Vernon — sacred to every 
American as the homo and tomb of the immortal 
"Father of his Country" — [but now in the possession of 
a nominal, not real descendant of the great family whoso 
exalted name the nation worships] — borders on the 
Potomac, in Fairfax Co., 15 miles below Washington 
City. 

BURKE'S, (Gordonsville 7-1 miles— Alexandria 14 
miles,) a post office in same county. 

SPRINGFIELD, (G-ordonsvillc 70 miles— Alex- 
andria miles.) 

ALEXANDRIA, (Gordonsville 88 miles— Wash 
iDgton City, by steamboat, 8 miles,) the northern termi- 
nus of the Orange and Alexandria, Railroad, is the 
capital of Alexandria Co., Virginia. It is eligibly 
situated on the right bank of the Potomac Elver, which 
is here one mile wide, and being of sufficient depth for 
the largest ships, affords a commodious harbor. The 
city and county of Alexandria were once comprised 
within the boundary of the District of Columbia, form- 
ing part of the national and congressional territory, but 
wero retroceded to Virginia by an act of Congress, in 
1845-46. 

Alexandria is located upon undulating ground, and 
high enough to afford a fine river view of the distant 
metropolis, and of the majestic and broad-bosomed 
Potomac. It is built with much regularity; the streets, 
which eross each other at right angles, aro for the most 
part well paved, and furnished with gas-lights. Water 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 147 

has also boon distributed throughout the city, being 
raised from the river by machinery. 

The public buildings of Alexandria embrace about 
one dozen churches, a court house, museum, banks, &c. 
There are also several excellent schools, and sundry 
newspaper offices. Considerable shipping is owned 
here, which is engaged in the exportation of corn, 
tobacco, and stone-coal. Besides the river navigation, 
a canal is operated to Georgetown, where it forms a 
junction with the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which 
has been auxiliary to the advancement of inter- 
nal improvement. The principal item in manufacturing 
appertains to the production of cotton goods— there, 
being a number of cloth mills in the full tide of success- 
ful operation. The surface of the country is hilly, and 
the soil thin ; producing Indian corn, wheat, oats, and 
hay, as the staples. Population of Alexandria is esti- 
mated at 13,000. 

Mount Vernon, the Mecca of America, and sacred 
as the home and tomb of the immortal Washington, 
can be reached most advantageously from Alexandria. 
Steamboats between "Washington City and Acquia Creek 
afford to passengers only a glimpse of the general view. 
Hence, to make a satisfactory visit and thorough exami- 
nation of this hallowed locality, tourists are recom- 
mended to go by private conveyance, (a distance of sown 
miles) from Alexandria. The disadvantageous method 
of getting to Mount Vernon, has no doubt proved a 
serious drawback upon the general disposition enter- 
tained by the American people to make a pilgrimage 
thither, and spend a few hours amid those shades, where 
lived and died the greatest and best man known to 
modern history. 

The Washington and Alexandria Railroad is not in 
present use. This road is about six miles long, and of 
very indifferent construction. The ground occupied by 
it, however, is so important that it cannot possibly 
be allowed to remain unavailable much longer; for the 
interests of the Great Southern Route leading eastward 



148 hunt's gazetteer of the 

from Memphis, and all points south thereof, require 
that, from Alexandria eastward there shall be a con- 
tinuous and unbroken rail-route to the seabord cities ; in 
order that the travel which now passes from the interior 
of the Southern States to Savannah, Charleston, and 
other southern seaports — thence to take steamship to 
the large eastern cities — may be induced to keep the 
rail to the point of destination. To make the land-route 
more attractive than the sea-route, it is only necessary 
that the few existing gaps shall be filled up ; and as the 
most inconvenient of these gaps is the one between 
Washington and Alexandria, provision will doubtless 
soon be made to close it with a river bridge and a few 
miles of good track, so that cars may pus.-- between the 
depots in Alexandria and Washington. 

Steamboats leave Alexandria for Washington City 
every half hour and return — fare 12^ cents. 

THE POTOMAC RIVER, (Alexandria to 
Washington, 8 miles,) throughout its entire length, forms 
the State-line between Maryland and Virginia. Its 
general course is south-east ; and along the entire dis- 
tance of 350 miles, from its mountain source lo Chesa- 
peake Bay, the scenery is varied and celebrated lor its 
magnificence. Its largest affluent is the Shenandoah, 
which, at the confluence-point, is as great a volume as 
the main stream. At this point is "Harper's Ferry," 
famous for its beautiful scenery, and which Jefferson 
averred to be " one of the most stupendous scenes in 
nature, and well worth a voyage across the Atlantic to 
witness." At Georgetown, (directly above Washing ton) 
the river falls over the edge of the primitive formation, 
while 13 miles above, are the Great Falls which is 
represented as being one of the most interesting 
cataracts in the United States. The bay-tide ascends 
120 miles, to Georgetown, and affords ample depth for 
the largest class of vessels to visit Washington, 

WASHINGTON. — It is almost seems a provi- 
dential coincidence, that the name of our illustrious 
Pater Patrle — " first in war, first in peace, and first 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 149 

in the hearts of his countrymen" — should also become 
first and foremost among metropolitan titles ; . and that 
the glory of his immortal name should culminate in, and 
be for all time — as it was in the early years of our 
?ountry — "the very head and front" of the nation! 

History. — The site of the national capital was 
.?hosen at the suggestion of President Washington ; the 
District of Columbia was established by an act of Con- 
gress, July 16, 1190; and the seat of government re- 
moved hither from Philadelphia in the year 1800. In 
1814, the city was. visited by the British army, at 
which time the infamous Ross perpetrated a wantonness 
in the burning of the Capitol, President's House, Con- 
gressional Library, and in the defacing of other public 
works, that would have done credit to the rude Attila 
or the inhuman Nero ; but he soon after met a retribu- 
tive death at Baltimore. The District of Columbia, as 
originally laid out, embraced an area of ten miles 
square, on both sides of the Potomac; but subsequently 
retroceded the Virginia portion, and at present occupies 
but one county of Maryland, in which are the two cities 
of Georgetown and "Washington. 

Situation. — The city is located on the east bank of 
the Potomac, occupying a general elevation forty feet 
above the level of the river. Though not, like Rome, 
seven-hilled, yet Washington does imitate the Eternal 
City, in its possessing a Capitoline Hill ; where the 
Sons of Liberty have done nobler things in their time 
than did those venerable Conscript Fathers, under the 
sceptre of Jupiter Capitolinum. There are also addi- 
tional undulations, which afford eligible positions for the 
other public buildings. The city is encompassed by a 
fine range of hills, forming a natural amphitheatre, pre- 
senting to the eye a variety of woodland, verdant and 
cultivated slopes — beautiful sites for villas and private 
residences — all of which command an extensive and 
varied prospect of tho city, the adjacent country and 
the meandering Potomac, as far as the eye can reach. 
Washington possesses the two essential requisites for 



150 hunt's gazetteer of the 

health— pure air and good water — considerations worthy 
of its illustrious founder. 

Design. — The magnificent plot of the city is slightly 
amphitheatrical ; the Capitol and President's House, 
though one mile from each other, stand centrally with 
regard to the general plan. The streets, from 70 to 
110 feet wide — designated alphabetically, beginning at 
the Capitol; and those running east and west, by num- 
bers — are intersected by avenues, from 120 to 160 feet 
wide, named after the States of the Union. Five of the 
latter radiate from both the Capitol and the President's 
House, giving these conspicuous points most ready com- 
munication with all parts of the city. A more magnificent 
scheme than that adopted for "Washington, could scarcely 
be devised ; and when, in future years, shall be realized 
the full growth which the great originator contemplated 
— -a reasonable anticipation, consequent upon our 
country's advancing prosperity and glory — it will present 
a scene of metropolitan extent and grandeur unsur- 
passed in modern times. 

Population and Society. — The resident population 
of Washington is computed to bo nearly 00,000, and 
this is greatly increased during the session of Con- 
gress. The growth of the city has not been very 
rapid, but steady ; and it is not unreasonable to believe 
that, as the nation increases in wealth, and the public 
service demands further accommodation and assistance, 
there will continue to bo drawn hither, persons of 
literary and scientific attainments, together with unborn 
hosts of politicians, who will endeavor in their time to 
drink for a while at the great fountain-head of the 
national service. Besides these, however, are tho^e of 
wealth and leisure, who seek this central point — very 
agreeable in its latitude for winter residence — to < 
the gaiety of the capital and advantages of the best 
society of the republic, (congregated as it is ftom all 
portions thereof,) and which, with that "r.otive here 
and to the manor born," constitutes a reflex of the 
varied phases i f our national character. 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 151 

Public Buildings.* — These possess a magnificence 
becoming a great nation, and in this respect alone does 
Washington fulfill the ideas entertained of a great 
metropolis. 

The Capitol, the first in importance, is the finest build- 
ing in this country; and not inferior to any senate- 
house in the world. It is situated upon an eminence *73 
feet above tide, and commands a view of the entire city 
and country. It is built of free-stone, and consists of a 
centre building and two wings, 352 feet long, by 121 
feet deep, at the wings. It contains the Senate Cham- 
ber, Hall of Representatives, Supreme Court, Congres- 
sional Library, and a great number of Committee 
Rooms, Reception Rooms, &c. The extension of this 
edifice was commenced in 1851, the ultimate design 
of which will increase its length to 151 feet — the whole 
covering an area of three and a half acres. The East- 
ern front is one of the most tasteful and commanding 
in the Union ; while the Western, though not so impos- 
ing in itself, affords the finest view in this " city of 
magnificent distances" — overlooking all the other princi- 
pal buildings. The grand rotunda contains eight largo 
pictures, by Trumbull, Weir, Yanderlyn, Chapman, and 
Powell — painted by order of Government. 

The view from the dome is one of unrivaled magnifi- 
cence, at onco confirming the truth of the city's soubri- 
quet, and convincing the beholder that it would be diffi- 
cult to find a more eligible location for the nation's me- 
tropolis. 

The surrounding grounds are beautifully cultivated, 
containing every description of American tree and 
flower, and dotted over with statuary — conspicuous 
among which is Greenough's colossal "Washington." 
A bill is now before Congress, authorizing the Secretary 



* It would be impossible, within the limits of a work like this 
to describe minutely every note-worthy object and matter of 
interest connected with each public building in Washington. 
Travelers are therefore respectfully "referred iii this, as in all 
similar iustauces, to the proper City Guide-Bouks. 



152 hunt's gazetteer or the 

of the Interior to enlarge these grounds to the two 
Second streets east and west, and to the two C streets 
north and south, and condemn all the property neces- 
sary for such enlargement within the space designated. 

The Presidents Mansion, popularly known as the 
" White House," occupies an eminence forty-four feet 
above tide. It is an elegant structure of free-stoue 
(painted white), two lofty stories high — dimensions, 170 
by 86 feet. It stands amid twenty acres, which gradually 
incline toward the river ; an area not too spacious for 
one accustomed to the broad acres of his own " Wheat- 
land." The interior apartments are admirably fitted to 
their purpose, and splendidly furnished ; and in every 
may adapted for the residence of the Chief Magistrate 
of a great nation, and for the reception of his various 
company. 

The Departments of State, of War, and of the Navy, 
together with the Treasury Department, occupy positions 
contiguous to the Presidential mansion. The two for 
military purposes are very plain structures, and not so 
imposing as their diplomatic and financial neighbors. 
The State Department contains a library of over 12,000 
works, copyrighted in the United States. The Indian 
Bureau is contained in the Navy Department building. 

The Pension Office is a very large but plain structure, 
immediately west of the Navy Department. 

The General Post Office is located on B street, mid- 
way between tho Capitol and President's House ; is built 
of white marble, in Corinthian style, and its grand di- 
mensions rank it among the most imposing edifices in 
Washington. 

Tho Department of the Interior, or Homo Department, 
but (from its most conspicuous bureau) more commonly 
known as tho Patent Office, is near tho General Post 
Office; and when completed, will occupy one entire 
square. Its design is not surpassed anywhere for 
extent and elegance ; and in addition to other spacious 
apartments, it contains one room (up stairs) 275 feet 
lonjr and G5 feet wide. This room is devoted to the 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 153 

grand and increasing collections of this national institu- 
tion : models of invention and monuments of American 
genius. Here, too, are preserved many interesting relics 
of Washington and Franklin, presents from foreign 
governments, specimens and curiosities gathered by ex- 
ploring expeditions, &c. — rendering this a most interest- 
ing place to visit. 



WILMINGTON AND MANOHESTEE 
EAILEOAD. 



KINGS VILLE (to Wilmington 171 miles.) 

WATBREE JUNCTION, (Kingsville 9 miles- 
Wilmington 162 miles,) a post village of Richland Dis- 
trict, South Carolina, at the junction of the South Caro- 
lina Railroad with the Columbia Branch Railroad. 

MANCHESTER, (Kingsville 15 miles— Wilming- 
ton 156 miles,) a post village of Sumpter District, South 
Carolina, about 36 miles E. S. E. of Columbia. It is a 
station on the railroad which connects with the Camden 
Branch about 6 miles from this village. 

SUMTERVILLE, (Kingsville 25 miles — Wil- 
mington 146 miles,) a post village, capital of Sumter 
District, South Carolina, 63 miles east by south of Co- 
lumbia. It contains a bank, several churches, and a 
newspaper office. 

MAYSVILLE, (Kingsville 34 miles— Wilmington 
137 miles,) a station of Sumter District, South Carolina, 

LYNCHBURG, (Kingsville 43 miles— Wilmington 
12S miles,) a fine little post village of Sumter District, 
South Carolina, 18 miles north-east of Sumterville. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BOOKSELLER, STATIONER 
AND NEWSDEALER, 

MASONIC HAl^Ci, 5th Street, Pittsburg, Pa, 

DEALER IN 

Bill — Foolscap — Legal Gap — Letter— Note- 
Bath Post, and Tissue Papers. 

School-Books — Slates — Pens — Pencils. 

Blank-Books — Envelopes. 

Diaries and Almanacs of all Kinds. 

Ink — Inkstands — "Writing Desks. 

Portfolios — Soldiers' Writing Cases. 

Checkers — Checker-Boards — Chess — Back- 
gammon Boards — Dominoes and Games 
of all Kinds. 

Visiting — Playing— Conversation and For- 
tune-Telling Cards. 

Pocket-Books — "Wallets — Portmonnaies. 

Postal Currency Cases— Card Cases — Bank- 
ers' Cases. 

Bibles — Hymn-Books — Prayer-Books. 

Juvenile Books — Toy-Books. 

Historical — Poetical — Agricultural. 

Mechanical — Architectural, and Medical 
Works. 

All of Fowler 8c Wells' Publications. 

All of the Dime-Books. 

All the New Books. 

All the Papers and Magazines. 

Maps of all Kinds. 

Annuals— Albums— Water-Colors. &c. 

jgeT Subscriptions received for the Tapers and Maga- 
zines at the very lowest rates. 



154 



JOHN P. HUNT, 

Masonic Hall, 5th Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 155 

TIMONSVILLE, (KingsviUe 52 miles— Wilming- 
ton 119 miles,) a post office of Darlington District. 

FLORENCE, (KingsviUe 64 miles— Wilmington 
.10*7 miles,) a post village of Darlington District. 

MARS BLUFF, (KingsviUe 70 miles— Wilming- 
ton 101 miles,) a post office of Marion District, South 
Carolina. 

PEE DEE, (KingsviUe 76 miles— Wilmington 95 
miles), a post office. 

MARION, (KingsviUe 85 miles— Wilmington 86 
miles,) a large village, capital of Marion District, 110 
miles E . by N. of Columbia. It is situated in a level 
and fertile country, in which cotton and rice flourish. A 
newspaper is published here. 

MULLEN'S, (KingsviUe 92 miles— Wilmington 77 
miles.) a small post village. 

NICHOLS, (KingsviUe 90 miles— Wilmington 72 
miles,) flag station. 

FAIR BLUFF, (KingsviUe 108 miles— Wilming- 
ton 63 mUes.) a post office, Columbus Co., N. Carolina, 

GRISTS', (KingsviUe 121 miles— Wilmington 53 
miles,) flag station. 

WHITE SVILLE, (KingsviUe 121 miles— Wil- 
mington 44 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of 
Columbus Co., N. Carolina, 100 miles S. by W. of Ra- 
leigh. 

FLEMINGTGN, (KingsviUe 137 miles— Wil- 
mington 34 miles,) a post village in Wake Co., N. C, 
15 miles northwest of Raleigh. 

MAXWELL, (KingsviUe 144 miles— Wilmington 
24 miles,) a station of Brunswick Co., N. Carolina. 

BRINKLEY'S, (KingsviUe 1.54 miles— Wilming- 
ton 11 miles.) a post village of Halifax Co., N. Carolina, 
90 miles north-east of Raleigh. 

"WILMINGTON, (KingsviUe 171 miles,) a city, 



156 hunt's gazetteer of the 

port of entry, and capital of New Hanover Co., is situated 
on the left bank of Cape Fear River, just below the 
entrance of its N. E. branch, 34 miles from the sea, 135 
miles S. E. of Raleigh, 180 miles N, E. of Charleston. 
It is the largest arid most commercial place in the Stale. 
The town contains 3 banks, with an average capital of 
$1,500,000. 5 or 6 newspapers are published here. 
More than 30 steam-engines are employed in the manu- 
factories of this place. Population about 15,000. 



BKANCHVILLE AND COLUMBIA 
EAILE0AD. 



BRANCHVILLE, (Columbia 66 miles.) 
ROWES, (Branch 9 miles— Columbia 51 miles,) 
post office. 

ORANGEBURG, (Branchville 11 miles— Colum- 
bia 49 miles,) a small village in Orangeburg District, 
which has an area of 1,438 square miles. 

JAMIBSON'S, (Brauchville 24 miles— Columbia 
42 miles,) post office. 

LEWISVILLE, (Branchville 28 miles— Columbia 

38 miles,) post village 

FORT MOTTE, (Branchville 35 miles— Columbia 
31 miles,) an old revolutionary stockade on the Con- 
garee, named after a colonel of the same name. 

KINGS VILLE, (Branchville 41 miles—Columbia 
25 miles,) post office. 

GADSDEN, (Branchville 46 miles— Columbia 20 
miles,) a small post village in Richland District. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 157 

HOPKINS', (Branchville 54 miles—Columbia 12 
miles,) a small village named in houor of Gen. Samuel 
Hopkins, an officer in the army at the time of the 
Revolutionary War. 

HAMPTON'S, (Branchville 60 miles— Columbia 
6 miles,) post village. 

COLUMBIA, (Branchville 66 miles,) a city, 
capital of South Carolina, and seat of justice of Rich- 
land District, on the left bank of the Congaree River, 
just below the confluence of the Saluda and Broad, 124 
miles north northwest of Charleston. The greater 
number of the dwellings are of wood. Columbia, is the 
seat of South Carolina College, founded by the State in 
1804. It is the terminus of three railroads connecting 
it with Charleston via Columbia Branch, Greenville and 
Columbia and the Charlotte and South Carolina Rail- 
road. Population 10,000. 



WILMINGTON AND WELD0N E. E. 



See Index for Walker and McKernan. 
WILMINGTON, (Weldon 162 miles.) 
NORTH BAST, (Wilmington 9 miles— Weldon 
152 miles,) post office. 

MARLBORO', (Wilmington 11 miles— Weldon 150 
miles,) a post office of Pitt County, North Carolina. 

ROCKY POINT, (Wilmington 14 miles— Weldon 

147 miles,) post village. 

BURG AW, (Wilmington 22 miles— Weldon 139 
miles,) flag station. 



158 HUNTS GAZETTEER 0*' THE 

SOUTH WASHINGTON, (Wilmington 29 
miles — Weldon 132 miles,) post office. 

LEESBURG-, (Wilmington 33 miles— Weldon 128 
miles,) flag station. 

TEACHEY'S, (Wilmington 38 miles— Weldon 123 
miles,) a village of Duplin County, North Carolina. 

ROSEMARY", (Wilmington -11 miles— Weldon 
120 miles,) post village. 

MAGNOLIA, (Wilmington 48 miles— Weldon 113 
miles,) flag station. 

WARSAW, (Wilmington 55 miles— Weldon 106 
miles,) a post village of Duplin County, North Carolina. 

BOWDEN, (Wilmington 59 miles— Weldon 102 
miles,) flag station. 

FAXSON, (Wilmington G3 miles — Weldon 98 
miles,) a depot on this railroad, and a post village in 
Duplin County, North Carolina. * 

MOUNT OLIVE, (Wilmington 1 miles— Weldon 
91 miles,) a post office of Wayne County, N. C. 

DUDLEY, (Wilmington t5 miles— Weldon 86 
miles,) post village. 

EVERITTSVZLLE, (Wilmington 18 miles— 
Weldon 83 miles,) a post village of Wayne County, 
North Carolina, on the Neuse River, about 50 miles 
southeast from Raleigh. It contains a flourishing 
seminary for young ladies. 

GOLDSBORO , (Wilmington 84 miles— Wejdon 
H miles.) a po'st village, capital of Wayne Couuty, 
i, on the N6use River, where it is cr 
\ v W. Railroad, 50 miles southeast of Ral 
irst house was built in 18! I. In I 
! ".:i!i to improvi rapidly and is now one of the most 

ng plo the lie. b 

are rei can ascend the river 

for about two-thirds of the year, 
sboro is the easl terminus of the North Carolina 



BORDER AND- SOUTHERN STATES. 159 

railroad. Three newspapers are published in the 
village. There is quite a flourishing seminary for each 
sex. Population 2,500. 

PIKEVILLE (Wilmington 92 miles— Weldon 69 
miles,) post office. 

HAHUNTA, (Wilmington 95 miles— Weldon 66 
miles,) a post village 60 miles from Raleigh. 

BLACK CREEK, (Wilmington 102 miles — 
Weldon 59 miles,) of Johnson County, North Carolina, 
flows into the Neuse River a few miles b%low Smith- 
field. 

WILSON, (Wilmington 108 miles— Weldon 53 
miles,) a post village, capital of Yadkin County, North 
Carolina. It was laid out the year 1851, when the 
county was first formed. 

JOYJTES, (Wilmington 116 miles— Weldon 45 
miles,) a post village of Edgecombe County, North 
Carolina, 32 miles north of Goldsboro. 

ROCKET MOUNT, (Wilmington 125 miles— Wel- 
don 36 miles,) a post village of Edgecombe Co., North 
Carolina, 56 miles E. of Raleigh. 

SCHRADER'S, (Wilmington 130 miles— Weldon 
31 miles,) flag station. 

BRATTLEBORO', (Wilmington 133 miles— 
Woldon 28 miles,) post office. 

WHITTAKER'S, (Wilmington 137 miles— Wei 
don 24 miles,) post village. 

ENFIELD, (Wilmington 143 miles— Weldon IS 
miles,) a post village of Halifax Co., N. Carolina. 

HALIFAX, (Wilmington 154 miles— Weldon 8 

miles,) a post town, capital of Halifax Co., N. Carotin;!, 
is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Roanoke 
River 7 miles below tho Falls, 87 miles N. E. of Raleigh 
It has considerable trade, for which the river affords 
great facilities. Steamboats ascond to this town, arid ■■< 
canal has been cut around tho Falls, by which boats can 



160 hunt's gazetteer of the 

ascend more than 100 miles further. Halifax has the 
honor of being the birth-place of the Constitution of N. 
Carolina. 

WELDON, (Wilmington 162 miles,) a thriving 
post village of Halifax' Co., N. Carolina, on the right 
bank of Roanoke River, at the head of navigation, 98 
miles N. E. of Raleigh. Four railroads meet here, 
viz'. : the Wilmington and Raleigh, the Sea-board and 
Roanoke, the Gaston and Raleigh, and the Petersburg 
Railroad. Two newspapers are here published. A 
canal has been made around the Falls, by which bat- 
teaux can ascend to Danville. 



PETERSBUEG AND WELTON R, E, 



WELDON, (Petersburg 63 miles.) 

PLEASANT HILL, (Weldon 13 miles— Peters- 
burg 50 miles,) a post office and station of Northampton 
Co., N. Carolina. 

HICKSFORD JUNCTION, (Weldon 20 miles 
— Petersburg 43 miles,) post village. 

BELLFIELD, (Weldon 23 miles— Petersburg 40 
miles,) flag station. 

STONY CREEK. (Weldon 4.2 miles— Petersburg 
21 miles,) post office. 

PETERSBURG, (Weldon 63 miles.) a handsome 
and flourishing post town of Dinwiddie Co., Y~n., on 
the right bank of the Appomattox Pivor at the cross- 
ing of the Great Southern Railroad, 22 miles south of 
Richmond, and 10 miles from James River, at City 
Point, It is the third town of Virginia in respect of" 
population, and possesses great facilities for business. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 161 

Yessels of 100 tons burden ascend the river to this 
place, and those of larger size to Chatham, 6 miles 
below. The South Side Railroad has its East terminus 
at this place, and the Appomattox Railroad connects it 
with City Point, at the mouth of the river. The Falls of 
the river, which arrest the ascent of the tide immediately 
above Petersburg, furnish extensive water power. A 
canal has been Cut around these Palls, by which means 
small boats ascend the river for a distance of about hun- 
dred miles. In 1815 a great fire occurred here, by 
which near 400 houses were consumed. Population 
about 20,000. 



EXCHM0ND AND PETEESBXJEG B. E, 



PETERSBURG, (Richmond 22 miles.) 

PORT WALTHAL, (Petersburg 6 miles— Rich- 
mond 16 miles,) a flourishing little post village on the 
Richmond and Petersburg Railroad. 

CLOVER HILL, (Petersburg 9 miles— Richmond 
13 miles,) post office. 

HALF-WAY STATION, (Petersburg 11 miles 
— Richmond 11 miles,) a small post village and station 
on the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, equi-distant 
from the two places. 

RICE'S TURNOUT, (Petersburg 14 miles- 
Richmond S miles,) flag station. 

SEMPLE'S, (Petersburg 11 miles— Richmond 5 
miles,) post office. 

MANCHESTER, (Petersburg 20 miles— Rich- 
mond 2 miles,) a post village of Chesterfield Co., Va., 
on the James River, opposite Richmond, with which it 



162 hunt's gazetteer of the 

is connected by a bridge. It is beautifully situated, 
and contains 2 churches, and some elegant residences, 
erected by persons doing business in Eichmond. It has 
manufactories of tobacco, cotton, and flour. Population 
estimated at 2,000. 

RICHMOND, (Petersburg 22 miles.) 



3EAB0ABD AND B0AN0KE E. B, 



WELDON, (Portsmouth 80 miles.) 

CONCORD, (Weldon 10 miles— Portsmouth 70 
miles,) a small post village. 

MARGARETS VILLE, (Weldon 11 miles- 
Portsmouth 63 miles,) post office. 

BRANCHVILLE, (Weldon 23 miles— Portsmouth 
5*7 miles,) a fine little village. 

BOYKIN'S, (Weldon 26 miles— Portsmouth 54 
miles,) flag station. 

NEWSOM'S, (Weldon 30 miles— Portsmouth 50 
miles,) post office. 

MURFEB'S, (Weldon 39 miles— Portsmouth 41 
miles,) flag station. 

BLACKWATER, (Weldon 43 miles— Portsmouth 
31 miles,) post village. 

CARRSVILLE, (Weldon 49 miles— Portsmouth 
31 miles,) post office. 

SUFFOLK, (Weldon 63 miles— Portsmouth IT 
miles,) a small but flourishing post village. 

PORTSMOUTH (Weldon 80 miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 163 



WILMINGTON, CHAELOTTE AND 
BUTHEKFOED EAILWAY, 



See Index for Merrill & Co. 
WILMINGTON, (Laurel Hill 95 miles.) 
RIVERSIDE, (Laurel Hill 86 miles— Wilmington 
9 miles,) on the right bank of Cape Fear, which is a 
large and important river, whose course lies wholly in 
North Carolina, and the only one which flows directly 
into the sea from this State. Steamboats ascend in all 
stages of water to Fayetteville 120 miles, and the navi- 
gation has been opened by means of dams and locks as 
far as the coal-mines of Chatham County at Averys- 
borough. The river falls over a primitive ledge which 
divides the hilly regions of the State from the low 
country, after which it traverses a level and sanely dis- 
trict, in which large forests of pitch pines are found. 
The length including one of the branches is estimated 
at about 300 miles. 

MARLVILLE, (Wilmington 30 . miles— Laurel 
Hill 65 miles,) post office. 

ROSINDALE, (Wilmington 41 miles— Laurel 
Hill 54 miles,) a small post village. 

BROWN MARSH, (Wilmington 49 miles- 
Laurel Hill 46 miles,) flag station. 

BLADENBOROUGH, (Wilmington 58 miles- 
Laurel Hill 37 miles,) a small post village in Bledan 
(So., N. C. 

LUMBERTON, (Wilmington 62 miles— Laurel 
Hill 33 miles,) a flourishing post village, capital of 



164 hunt's gazetteer of the 

Eobeson Co., North Carolina, on the Lumber River, 91 
miles south southwest from Raleigh. It has an active 
trade in both lumber and turpentine. Population is 
estimated at about 2,500. 

MOS8NECK, (Wilmington 11 miles — Laurel 
Hill 24 miles,) a small village and post office. 

RED BANKS, (Wilmington 73 miles — Laurel 
Hill 17 miles,) post office. 

SHOE HEEL, (Wilmington 82 miles — Laurel 
Hill 13 miles,) flag station. 

LAURINBURG, (Wilmington 89 miles— Laurel 
Hill 6 miles,) a small but flourishing post village. 

LAUREL HILL, (Wilmington 95 miles,) a post 
office of Richmond Co., N. C, about 100 miles south- 
west from Raleigh. 



MOBTH EASTEKN RAILWAY. 



CHARLESTON, (Florence 102 miles.) 
EIGHT MILE, T. O, (Charleston 8 miles- 
Florence 94 miles,) flag station. 

MOUNT HOLLY, (Charleston 19 miles— Florence 

83 miles,) post village. 

MONK'S CORNER, (Charleston 'J9 miles- 
Florence 73 miles,) a post office of Charleston District, 
South Carolina, 

ST. STEVENS, (Charleston 45 miles— Florence 
57 miles,) flag station. 

KINGSTREE, (Charleston 64 miles— Florence 38 
miles,) a post village of Williamsburg District, South 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 165 

Carolina, of which it is the capita], on the left bank of 
Black River 76 miles in a direct line, or about 100 
miles by post route, east southeast of Columbia. 

CADE'S, (Charleston 12 miles — Florence 30 
miles,) flag station. 

GRAHAMBVILLB, (Charleston Id miles — 
Florence 23 miles,) a post village in Beaufort District, 
South Carolina, 120 miles south of Columbia. 

EFFINGHAM, (Charleston 93 miles— Florence 9 
miles,) a post village in Darlington District, South 
Carolina. 

FLORENCE, (Charleston 102 miles,) a post office 
of Darlington District, South Carolina, at the northern 
terminus of the North Eastern Railroad, and at the 
southern terminus of the Cheraw and Darlington Rail- 
way. 



CHEEAW AND DAELXMT0N E. E. 



FLORENCE, (Cheraw 40 miles.) 

DARLINGTON, (Florence 10 miles— Cheraw 30 
miles,) a post village, capital of Darlington District, S. 
Carolina. 

DOVER, (Florence 18 miles— Cheraw 22 miles,) a 
post village. 

SOCIETY HILL, (Florence 26 miles— Cheraw 
14 miles,) a post village of Darlington District, S. Caro- 
lina, about 100 miles E. N. E. of Columbia. It is near 
the west bank of the Great Pedee River, and contains 
several churches and stores. 

CHERAW, (Florence 40 miles,) a post village of 
Chesterfield District, S. Carolina, on the right bank of 



166 hunt's gazetteer of the 

Great Pedee River, at the head of steam navigation, 93 
miles E. N. E. of Columbia. It has a plank-road lead- 
ing to "Wadesborough, N. Carolina, and is a place of 
considerable importance as a depot for cotton. Oheraw 
contains 2 banks, several churches and academies, and 
about 1,200 inhabitants. 



GEEENVILLE AND COLUMBIA 
RAILWAY. 



COLUMBIA, (Greenville 144 miles.) 

FROST'S MILL, (Columbia 6 miles— Greenville 
138 miles.) 

LITTLETON. (Columbia 15 miles— Greenville 129 
miles,) a post office of Richland District, S. Carolina. 

ALSTON, (Columbia 25 miles— Greenville 119 
miles,) a post office of Fairfield District, S. Carolina. 

HOPE STATION, (Columbia 29 miles, Green- 
ville 115 miles,) a post village of Lexington District, 
S. Carolina. 

POMARIA, (Columbia 32 miles— Green vi lie 112 
miles,) a post office of Newberry District, S. Carolina. 

PROSPERITY, (Columbia 40 miles— Greenville 
104 miles,) a post village of Newberry District. S. Caro- 
lina. 

NEWBERRY, C. H., (Columbia 47 miles- 
Greenville 97 miles,) a post village, canital of Newberry 
District, S. Carolina, W. N. TV. from Columbia. 

Granite, of a beautiful gray color is abundant in the 
vicinity. It contains a court-house, a bank, a news- 
paper office, and a number of stores. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 167 

HELENA, (Columbia 48 miles — Greenville 96 miles.) 

SILVER STREET, (Columbia 54 miles— Green- 
ville 90 miles.) 

BOAZMAN'S, (Columbia 61 miles— Greenville 
83 miles.) 

CHAFELL'S, (Columbia 65 miles— Greenville T9 
miles.) 

NINE TIT SIX, (Columbia 15 miles— Greenville 
69 miles,) a post office of Abbeville District. S. Carolina. 

GREENWOOD, (Columbia 85 miles— Greenville 
59 miles,) a post village in Abbeville District, S. Carolina. 

COKESBURY, (Columbia 94 miles— Greenville 
50 miles,) a post office of Abbeville District, S. Carolina. 

ABBEVILLE, (Branch) (Columbia 106 miles,) 
a small town, capital of the Abbeville District, is 
situated on an affluent Of Little River, "W. by 2Sf. from 
Columbia, and 529 miles S. W. from Washington. It 
contains a court-house, jail, arsenal, magazines, and a 
newspaper office. The surrounding country is fertile, 
and mostly occupied by plantations of cotton and Indian 
corn. 

BARMORE'S, (Columbia 100 miles— Greenville 
44 miles.) 

DONNALD'S, (Columbia 102 miles— Greenville 
42 miles.) 

HONEA PATH, (Columbia 109 miles— Green- 
ville 35 miles.) 

BELTON, (Columbia 111 miles— Greenville 21 mi.) 

ANDERSON, (Branch,) (Columbia 12*7 miles,) a 
post village, capital of Anderson District, S. Carolina, 
W. K TV. of Columbia. 

WILLI AMSTON, (Columbia 124 miles— Green- 
ville 20 miles,) a post village of Anderson District, S. 
Carolina. 

GOLDEN GROVE, (Columbia 135 miles— Green- 



168 hunt's gazetteer of the 

ville 9 miles,) a post village of Greenville District, S. 
Carolina. 

GREENVILLE, (Columbia 144 miles,) a flourish- 
ing post village, capital of Greenville District, S. Caro- 
lina, on Reedy River, near its source, N. TV. of Colum- 
bia. The situation is elevated and healthy, at the foot 
of the Saluda Mountain, which renders it a favorite 
resort for persons who reside in the lower country. It 
is the N. terminus of the Greenville and Columbia Rail- 
road. 

Greenville has 3 churches, 2 academies, and 2 news- 
paper offices. Population 1,305, of whom 685 are free, 
and 620 slaves. 



SPARTANBURG AND UNION 
RAILWAY. 



ALSTON, (Spartanburg 68 miles.) 

LYLE'S TANK, (Alston 10 miles — Spartanburg 

58 miles.) 

STROTHER, (Alston 12 miles— Spartanburg 56 
miles.) 

LYLE'S FORD, (Alston 16 miles— Spartanburg 
52 miles.) 

SHELTON, (Alston 20 miles — Spartanburg 48 mi.) 

SIMSVILLE, (Alston 23 miles— Spartanburg 45 
miles.) 

FISHDAM, (Alston 30 miles— Spartanburg 38 
miles,) a post village in Union District, S. Carolina, 
60 miles N. TV. from Columbia. 

TJNIONVILLE, (Alston 40 miles— Spartanburg 
28 miles.) a post village, capital of Union District, S. 
Carolina, 70 miles N. N. TV. from Columbia. The sur- 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 169 

rounding country is hilly, and contains an abundance of 
granite and iron ore. The Spartanburg and Union Kail- 
road passes through it, connecting it with the Greenville 
and Columbia Eailroad. 



TURNPIKE PROM SAVANNAH TO ST. 
GEORGE 102 MILES. 



Crossing the Savannah River you go northeast 33 miles 
to Grahamville, a post village on the S. & C. R. R., and 
15 miles further you arrive at Pocotaligo, a small village 
at this place ; a pike leading to the left takes you to 
Augusta, G-a., 85 miles, passing through the villages of 
Gallisonville, Robertsville, Lawtonville, Lower Three 
Runs, Speedwell, to the city of Hamburg opposite 
Augusta, on the Savannah River. From Pocotaligo to 
Blue Ho is 14 miles, here a turnpike runs east to 
Charleston, 40 miles distant, passing through Jackson- 
ville and crossing the Edisto River at that place. From 
Blue Ho to Walterboro' is 10 miles, and 11 miles 
further is the village of Redbank ; from here it is 9 
miles to St. George, a station on the C. & A. R. R. 



TURNPIKE PROM CHARLESTON, S. C. 
TO -WILMINGTON, N. C, 160 MILES. 



This pike runs near the coast to the city of George- 
town, 18 miles from the Atlantic and 60 miles from 
Charleston, it is bounded on the southwest by the 
Santee River, and intersected by the Pedee, "Waccamaw 



170 hunt's gazetteer of the 

and Black Eiver, which unite and flow through Win- 
yaw Bay into the Atlantic. From here a turnpike runs 
to the Junction on the Wilmington and Cheraw Kail- 
road, 60 miles, passing through China Grove, Lynches 
Creek and Flintville to the Junction. From George- 
town to Buckville is 29 miles, crossing Pedee Eiver 8 
miles from Buckville, 8 miles further you arrive at 
Conwayboro', from here it is 28 miles to Little Eiver. 
Shallottee is 15 miles from Little Eiver, from here it is 
30 miles to Wilmington on Cape Fear Eiver. 



TURNPIKE FROM CHARLESTON, S. C. 
TO CHARLLOTTE, N. C, 197 MILES. 



This pike runs convenient to the C. & A. B, B., as 
far as Eidgeville' Station, a distance of BO miles 
where it passes directly north through Eoadville to 
Vance's Ferry, where it crosses the Santee River and 
passes through Friendship, and crosses the Columbia 
and Wilmington Railroad at Manchester ; Camden is 
28 miles distant, a branch of the C. & W. E. E. runs to 
this point passing through Flat Bock, Pleasant Hill, Lan- 
caster, Belair. whence it is 19 miles to Charlotte, N. C. 



TURNPIKE FROM COLUMBIA, S. C. TO 
FAYETTEVILLE, N. C, 150 MILES. 



This pike runs northeast to Camden 30 miles dis- 
tant, crossing the Watcree River. Tiller's Ferry 
is 25 miles from here crossing at thia place Lynches 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 171 

Creek. Cheraw is 34 miles from here and is the 
terminus of the branch road running to intersect 
the C. & W. R. R., 12 miles further on brings us to the 
village of Brightsville, to get to which we cross the 
Great Pedee River. Laurel Hill is 21 miles from here, 
the next village is Randallsville 12 miles distant. 
Davis' Springs is 12 miles from Randallsville and 13 
miles from Fayetteville. Fayetteville is situated on the 
west bank of Cape Fear River, 100 miles northwest of 
Wilmington, and is the capital of Cumberland Co., N. C. 
The adjoining county is partly occupied by extensive 
pine forests, which supply important articles of export 
in the form of turpentine, tar, lumber, &c. Fayetteville 
contains an arsenal of construction, a large establish- 
ment enclosing about 50 acres, now nearly complete, it 
has 3 banks and 3 newspaper offices, the prosperity of 
this place has recently increased by the establishment of 
distilleries of turpentine and construction of plank roads. 



TURNPIKE PROM FAYETTEVILLE TO 
WILMINGTON 85 MILES. 



This pike follows the Cape Fear River to Wil- 
mington passing through Elizabethtown (38 miles 
from Fayetteville,) the county seat of Bladen Co. 
Flemington is 15 miles from Elizabethtown, from 
this place to Wilmington a distance of 32 miles, all 
along this country is low and marshy. From Wilming- 
ton a pike leads to Raleigh 115 miles distant, passing 
through Lisburn and Clinton, (at this place crossing 
the Fayetteville and Newbern turnpike,) Smithfield on 
the R. & N. R. R., and thence to Raleigh. From 
Raleigh a pike runs to Fayetteville 60 miles, passing 
Middle Creek and Averysboro and crossing Cape Fear 
River. 



172 hunt's gazetteer of the 



TURNPIKE PROM FAYETTEVILLE TO 
SALISBURY 115 MILES. 



This pike runs west northwest passing through John- 
sonvihe, a post village of Cumberland Co., 23 miles dis- 
tant; Carthage, is 17 miles from Johnsonville and is the 
county seat of Moore Co., from here a turnpike runs to 
Raleigh 50 miles distant. Caledonia, 12 miles from 
Carthage, is a small post village. Uharee, a village, is 
23 miles distant ; Mount Lebanon is 18 miles from 
Uharee and is a small village of Spartanburg District ; 
Salisbury is 115 miles from Fayetteville: three railroads 
meet here, and it is the capital of Rowan Co., X. C, 
about 10 miles west of the Yadkin River and 118 miles 
west of Raleigh, it is one of the most important places 
in North Carolina. The natural walls of Rowan, or 
trap dikes of this vicinity were for a long time sup- 
posed to be artificial constructions. Salisbury contains 
1 bank, 1 newspaper office. Population 2,500. 



TURNPIKE FROM NEWBERN, N. C. TO 
RICHMOND, VA., 243 MILES. 



This piko runs north through the village of Swift 
Creek, 17 miles distant; Washington, 18 miles from 
Swift Creek, a post village of Beaufort Co., is on the 
left bank of Tar River, 40 miles from Pamlico Sound ; 
vessels drawing 8 feet of water ascend to this village, 
and smaller boats to Tarborough ; it has 2 banks, 1 
newspaper office. Population 1,500. Plymouth 35 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 173 

miles from here is a post village, port of entry and 
capital of Washington Co., N. C, and about 8' miles 
south of Roanoke River where it enters Albemarle 
Sound ; it is connected with the sound by a small inlet 
called Nag's Head, and has an active trade and rapidly 
increasing. Population 1,000. Colerain 25 miles dis- 
tant is a post village on the right bank of the Chowan 
River, 140 miles east by north of Raleigh. Winton 22 
miles distant is a post village, capital of Hertford Co., 
N. C, on the right bank of the Chowan River, 115 
miles northeast of Raleigh. The river is navigable for 
sloops, in which staves and tar are exported. Suffolk, 
C.H., 28 miles distant on the S. & R. R. R., is a pest 
village and capital of TsTansemond Co., Va., on the 
Nansemond River, 85 miles southeast of Richmond, 
the river is navigable for small vessels; it contains 4 
churches and 2 newspaper offices. Population 1,600. 
It is 11 miles from here to Portsmouth. Chuckatuck is 
10 miles from Suffolk, C. H., Nansemond Co. 10 miles 
north of this place is Srnitkneld, a bands* me post village, 
capital of Isle of "Wight Co., Va., finely situated on 
a navigable creek which opens into the James River a 
few miles from its mouth. Population 1,100. Surry, 
C. H., 18 miles north of Smithiield, is a post village, 
capital of Surry Co., Va,, f> miles from the James 
River. Prince George, C. H., 18 miles distant, is a 
post village and capital of Prince George Co., Va., 24 
miles southeast of Richmond. Petersburgh is 18 mile-; 
from Here; (for a description see Petersburgh and Rich- 
mond Railroad,) this pike leads to Richmond the capital 
of Virginia, also the capital of the so called C. S. A. 



174 hunt's gazetteer of the 



TURNPIKE PROM RICHMOND TO 
HAMPTON ROADS 86 MILES. 



This pike leads southeast to the Chesapeake Bay, 
passing through the village of Frazerstown, 17 miles 
from Richmond. New Kent, C. H., is 13 miles dis- 
tant and is the capital of Kent Co. Barnumsville is 

10 miles southeast and is the terminus of a branch 
railroad from Richmond. Williamsburg is 20 miles 
from Barnumsville and is the capital of James City Co., 
Va., 60 miles east of Richmond, and situated on a level 
plain between James and York rivers, 6 miles from 
each. It is the oldest incorporated town in the State 
and is interesting in historic associations. It was 
capital of the State until 1779 ; this is the place where 
the Federal forces under Maj.-Gren. Geo. B. McClellau 
defeated the rebels, May 6, 1862. Yorktown is 12 
mLes from "Williamsburg and is capital of York Co., 
and a port of entry, on the right bank of York River, 

11 miles from its mouth; it was settled in 1705. This 
locality was the theatre of one of the most important 
events in American history, the surrender of Lord 
Cornwallis to Gen. Washington, October 19, 1781. At 
the breaking out of the present rebellion the rebels took 
possession of this place and retained it until the Federal 
forces under McClellan compelled them to evacuate, 
which they did on May 5, 1862. Hampton is 24 miles 
from Yorktown and is the capital of Elizabeth Co., Ya., 
on the left bank of the James River, about 2 miles 
from its entranco into Chesapeake Bay. The part of the 
estuary of James River between Hampton and Norfolk 
is called Hampton Roads, which place is celebrated for 
the fight between the iron clads Monitor and Merrimac 
the Monitor proved victorious after the Merrimac had 
destroyed the Federal frigates Cumberland and Congress 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 175 

From Richmond a pike leads to "Windmill Point on 
Chesapeake Bay, a distance of 85 miles, passing through 
the village of Fleetwood Academy, 30 miles from Rich- 
mond. 14 miles east is Tappahannock, a port of entry 
and capital of Essex Co., Ya., on the right bank of the 
Rappahannock River; it contains a custom-house, 1 
church and 2 flourishing seminaries. Population 500. 
"Warsaw is 8 miles east and is the capital of Richmond 
Co., Va. Heathville is 15 miles southeast and is 
capital of Northumberland Co., Va.; it is situated on. the 
Northern Neck and one mile from the head of Coau 
River, a navigable inlet opening into the Potomac. 
Windmill Point is 20 miles south on the bay, a small 
village. For other roads see map. 



CHARLOTTE AND SOUTH CAROLINA 
RAILWAY. 



See Index for Green & Green. 

JUNCTION, (Charlotte 109 miles.) 

COLUMBIA, (Charlotte 106 miles.) 

KILLIAN'S MILL, (Columbia 14 miles— Char- 
lotte 95 miles,) flag station. 

CAMPBELL, (Columbia 24 miles— Charlotte 85 
miles,) post office. 

RIDGE WAY, (Columbia 21 miles— Charlotte 82 
miles,) a post village of Fairfield District. 

SIMPSONS, (Columbia 33 miles— Charlotte 16 
miles.) 



176 hunt's gazetteer op the 

WIHNSBOR©', (Columbia 39 miles—Charlotte 
10 miles,) a post village, capital of Fairfield District, S. 
C. It is situated in a fertile farming district. The 
railroad connects it with Columbia and with Cataw 
Kiver. This village has several churches and an 
academy, 1 bank, and is the seat of the Furman Theo- 
logical Seminary, under the direction of the Baptists. 
Two periodicals are published here. 

WHITE OAK, (Columbia 4T miles— Charlotte 62 
miles,) a post village of Fairfield District. 

YONGTJES, (Columbia 51 miles— Charlotte 58 
miles,) post village. 

BLACKSTOCK, (Columbia 54 miles— Charlotte 
55 miles,) post office. 

CORNWELL'S, (Columbia 58 miles— Charlotte 
51 miles,) a post office of Chester -county. 

•CHESTER, (Columbia 66 miles — Charlotte 43 
miles,) Chester or Chester ville is the capital of Chester 
District. It is situated in a fertile farming district, has 
an active business and 1 bank ; a railroad extends from 
this place to Torkville. 

SMITH'S STATION, (Columbia 76 miles — 
Charlotte 33 miles,) flag station. 

EBENEZER, (Columbia 86 miles— Charlotte 23 
miles,) a post village of York district. 

CATAWBA RIVER, (Columbia 00 miles- 
Charlotte 19 miles.) 

FORT MILLS, (Columbia 93 miles— Charlotte 16 
miles,) a. post office of York District. 

MORROW'S T. O., (Columbia 99 miles— Char- 
lotte 10. miles,) Hag station. 

CHARLOTTE, (Columbia 109 miles,) Charlotte is 
a thriving town and the capital of Mecklenburg Co., N". 
ft, on Sugar Creek, 158 miles west southwest of Raleigh. 
It is one of the principal towns in the west part of the 
State, and has rapidly increased for a tew years past in 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 177 

consequence of the gold mine swhick have been opened in 
the vicinity. A branch mint was established here for 
the purpose of coining the gold. This town is also the 
terminus of the Central Railroad of North Carolina. It 
contains several churches, two newspaper offices and 
two banks. Population in 1353 was 2.500. 



ATLANTIC AND MOBTH OAKOLfflA 
BAILKOAD, 



MORBHBAD CITY", (Goldsboro 95 miles.) 

CAROLINA CITY, (Morehead City 3 miles— 
Goldsboro 92 miles,) post office. 

SHEFARDSVILLE, (Morehead City 11 miles 
— Goldsboro 84 miles,) flag station. 

WOOD'S BRICK YARD, (Morehead City 30 
miles — Goldsboro 65 miles,) flag station. 

NBWBERN,. (Morehead City 36 miles— Goldsboro 
59 miles,) a port of entry of North Carolina, and capital 
of Craven Co., is situated at the confluence of the Neuse 
and Trent Rivers, about 120 miles southeast of Raleigh, 
and 50 miles above Pamlico Sound. It was for many 
years the capital of the State. The Neuse River, which 
is more than a mile wide at this place, is navigable by 
steamboats about S months in the year. The entrance 
from the sea is through Ocracoke Inlet. Newbern has 
a considerable trade. The chief articles of export are 
grain, lumber, turpentine, tar, and naval stores. New- 
bern contains, besides the county buildings, several 
churches, 2 banks, and a theatre. Five or six news- 



178 hunt's gazetteer of the 

papers are published here. The population is estimated 
at about 5,000. 

BATCHELOR'S CREEK, (Morehead City 44 
miles — Goldsboro 51 miles,) a station on a creek of the 
same name.. 

TTJSCARORA, (Morehead City 41 miles— Golds- 
boro 51 miles,) flag station. 

KIHBTOH, (Morehead City 69 miles— G-oldsboro 26 
miles,) a post village of Lenoir Co., North Carolina, 80 
miles southeast of Ealeigh. 

PALLING CREEK, (Morehead City 76 miles— 
Coldsboro 19 miles,) a post office of Wayne Co., North 
Carolina. 

MQSELY HALL, (Morehead City 81 miles— 
Goldsboro 14 miles,) a post office of Lenoir Co., North 
Carolina. 

(Morehead City 95 miles.) 



NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. 



GOLDSBORO' (Charlotte 223 miles,) a post 
village, capital of "Wayne Co., North Carolina, on the 
Neuse River, where- it is crossed by the Wilmington and 
Weklon Railroad, 50 miles southeast of Raleigh. The 
first was built in 1841. About the year 1848 it began 
to improve rapidly, and is now one of the most flourish- 
ing places in the State. The public buildings are new 
and handsome. Steamboats can ascend the river to 
this place for about two-thirds of the year. Three 
newspapers are published in this village. Population in 
1853 about 1,500. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 179 

BOON HILL, (Goldsboro' 12 miles— Charlotte 
211 miles,) a post office of Johnson Co. 

SMITHFIBLD, (Goldsboro' 22 miles— Charlotte 
201 miles,) a post village, capital of Johnson Co., North 
Carolina, on the left bank of the Reuse River, 27 miles 
southeast of Raleigh. 

BTALLINGS, (Goldsboro' 34 miles— Charlotte 189 
miles, ) flag station. 

RALEIGH, (Goldsboro' 48 miles— Charlotte 175 
miles,) a city, capital of North Carolina, and seat of 
Justice of "Wake Co., a few miles west of "Wilmington, 
and 286 miles from Washington. Lat. 35° 47' north, 
Long. 78° 48' west. The situation is elevated and 
healthy, an open area of ten acres named Union Square, 
occupies the centre of the city, from which four prin- 
cipal streets, 99 feet wide, extend in different directions. 
The State House situated in Union Square, is among 
the largest and most splendid capitals in the United 
States. It is built of granite, and surrounded with mas- 
sive columns of the same material, after the manner of 
the Parthenon, and surrounded by a handsome dome. The 
dimensions are 160 feet long by 90 feet wide, and cost 
above $500,000. It also contains the North Carolina 
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and the State 
Lunatic Asylum, a court house, market house, 2 banks- 
About 12 newspapers were published here previous to 
the war. Raleigh is the terminus of the Raleigh and 
Gaston Railroad, which with other lines forms a direct 
communication with Richmond and Norfolk, Virginia. 
Population 5,000. 

MORRISVILLE, (Goldsboro' 61 miles — Char- 
lotte 162 miles,) post office. 

DURHAM'S, (Goldsboro' 74 miles— Charlotte 149 
miles,) flag station. 

HILLSBORO', (Goldsboro' 88 miles— Charlotte 
135 miles,) a post village, capital of Orange Co., "North 
Carolina, on the Eno River, an affluent of the Neuse, 



180 hunt's gazetteer of the 

It contains a new court house, and 2 or 3 newspaper 
offices. 

NBBANB'S, (Goldsboro' 98 miles— Charlotte 125 
miles,) nag station. 

HAW RIVER, (Goldsboro' 104 miles— Charlotte 
119 miles,) flag station. 

GRAHAM, (Goldsboro' 106 miles— Charlotte 117 
miles,) a post village, capital of Alimance Co. It has 7 
stores. Population about 500. 

COMPANY'S SHOP, (Goldsboro' 10S miles- 
Charlotte 115 miles,) post office. 

GIBSON VILLE, (Goldsboro' 115 miles— Char- 
lotte 108 miles,) post office. 

M'LAINS, (Goldsboro' 122 miles— Charlotte 101 
miles,) post village. 

GREENSBORO', (Goldsboro' 130 miles— Charlotte 
93 miles,) a flourishing post village, capital of Guilford Co. 
The situation is healthy, and the surrounding country 
is fertile. It is a place of considerable activity iu trade 
and is the seat of excellent institutions for learning, 
among which are several academies. It contain.-; a 
number of manufactories.- 

JAMESTOWN, (Goldsboro' 140 miles — Char- 
lotte 83 miles,) a post village. 

HIGH POINT, (Goldsboro' 145 miles— Charlotte 
78 miles,) post village. 

THOMASVILLE, (Goldsboro' 152 miles — 
Charlotte 71 miles,) post office. 

LEXINGTON, (Goldsboro' 163 miles— Charlotte 
60 miles,) a flourishing and beautiful post village and 
capital of Davidson Co., N. C, is situated near Abbott's 
Creek, an affluent of Yadkin Elver, 112 miles west of 
Raleigh. "Valuable mines of lead and silver have been 
opened In the vicinity. 

HOLTSBURG, (Goldsboro' 172 miles— Charlotte 
51 miles,) post village. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 181 

SALISBURY, (Goldsboro' 180 miles— Charlotte 
43 miles,) a thriving town, capital of Rowan Co., N. C, 
about 10 miles west of the Yadkin River, and 118 miles 
west of Raleigh. It is one of the most important 
places in western North Carolina, and is at the east 
terminus of the western turnpike which extends to the 
northeast border of G-eorgia. Salisbury contains 1 
bank and one newspaper office. Population about 2,000. 

CHINA GROVE, (Goldsboro' 189 miles— Char- 
lotte 34 miles,) post village. 

CONCORD, Goldsboro' 202 miles— Charlotte 21 
miles,) a thriving post village, capital of Cabarras Co., 
on a branch of Rocky River, 145 miles west by south 
of Raleigh. 

HARRISBURG, (Goldsboro, 210 miles— Char- 
lotte 13 miles,) post village. 

CHARLOTTE, (Goldsboro' 223 miles,) a thriving 
town capital of Mecklenburg Co., on Sugar Creek, 158 
miles west southwest of Raleigh. It is one of the 
principal towns in the west part of the State, and has 
rapidly increased within a few years past in consequence 
of the gold mines which have been opened in the 
vicinity. A branch mint has been established here for 
the purpose of coining the gold. It contains several, 
churches, 2 newspaper offices and 2 banks. Population 
about 30,000. 



WESTEEN (N0ETH 0AE0LINA) 
EAILWAY. 



SALISBURY, (Morgantown 81 miles.) 

WATER TANK, (Salisbury 6 miles— Morgan 
town 75 miles,) a watering station. 



182 hunt's gazetteer of the 

THIRD CREEK, (Salisbury 10 miles— Morgan- 
town 63 miles.) 

WADDSLLS, T. O., (Salisbury 18 miles— Mpr 
gantown 63 miles,) flag station on Western Railway. 

STATE SVILLE, (Salisbury 25 miles— Morgan- 
town 56 miles,) a post village, capital of Iredell Co., N. C, 
on the western turnpike, 27 miles west by no th of 
Salisbury, and 145 miles west of Raleigh. 

PLOTTS, T. O., (Salisbury 33 miles— Morgontown 
48 miles.) 

CATAWBA, (Salisbury 3S miles — Morgantown 
44 miles,) a post village of Gaston Co., N. C. 

NEWTON, (Salisbury 50 miles— Morgantown 32 
miles,) a thriving post village of Catawba Co., N. C, 
175 miles west of Raleigh, is situated in a beautiful and 
fertile country and has an active trade. The German 
Reformed Church have established a college here. 

WHITE SULPHUR, (Salisbury 54 miles— Mor- 
gantown 27 miles,) a small village of Catawba Co., N. C 

HICKORY 1 TAVERN, (Salisbury 60 miles— 
Morgantown 21 miles,) a post office of Catawba Co., 
N. C. 

ICARD'S, (Salisbury 70 miles— Morgantown 11 
miles,) a water station. 

MORGANTOWN, (Salisbury SI miles,) a beauti- 
ful post village, capital of Burke Co., N. C, on the 
Catawba River, 200 miles west of Raleigh. It contains 
a court-house, jail, bank, several churches, mills, &c. 
Population 1,300. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 183 



EALEIGH A&D GASTON RAILWAY. 



RALEIGH, (Gaston 85 miles.) 

HUNTS VXLLE, (Raleigh 10 miles— Gaston 15 
miles,) post station. 

FORESTVILLE, (Raleigh 16 miles— Gaston 69 
miles,) a smaU post village of "Wake Co., N. C. 

FRANKLINTON, (Raleigh 27 miles— Gaston 53 
miles,) a post village of Franklin Co., N, C. It has 
grown up sinct the construction of the railway. 

KITRELL'S, (Raleigh 37 miles— Gaston 43 miles,) 
flag station. 

HENDERSON, (Raleigh 44 miles — Gaston 41 
miles,) a thriving post village of Granville Co., N. C. 
It is a depot for produce. 

CLARKSVILLE RAXLWATT, (Raleigh 54 
miles — Gaston 31 miles,) this is the junction of the 
Roanoke Yalley Railway. 

RIDGE WAY", (Raleigh 57 miles— Gaston 28 
miles,) a post village of Warren Co., N. C. The 
Roanoke Valley Railway terminates here. 

WARRENTON, (Raleigh 61 miles— Gaston 24 
miles,) a thriving post village of "Warren Co., K C, is 
situated near the source of Fishing Creek, a branch of 
Tar River. It has beside the county buildings, 2 or 3 
churches, a newspaper office and several stores. Popu- 
lation estimated at about 1,500. 

MACON, (Raleigh 65 miles— Gaston 20 miles,) a 
post village of Warren Co., N. C. 

LITTLETON, (Raleigh 76 miles— Gaston 9 miles,) 
a small post village of Warren Co. 



184 StTNT's GAZETTEER OF THE 

SUMMIT, (Raleigh 82 miles— Gaston 3 miles,) a 
small village and depot in Northampton Co., S. C. 

GASTON, (Raleigh 85 miles,) a thriving post vil- 
lage of Northampton Co., N. C, on the left bank of the 
Roanoke River. It is the terminus of two railroads 
which connect it with Raleigh, N. C, and Richmond, 
Va„ Gaston is a depot for tobacco and wheat. 



WESTERN RAILROAD, NORTH 
CAROLINA. 



FAYETTE VXLLE, (Mclvers 36 miles,) a flourish- 
ing town, capital of Cumberland Co., North Carolina, is 
situated on the left bank of Cape Fear River, at the 
head of natural navigation, 60 miles south from Raleigh, 
and 100 miles northwest from "Wilmington. The town 
is regularly laid out, with streets of 100 feet in width. 
It is the centre of an extensive trade, which is facilitated 
by plank-roadSj extending in various directions. The 
adjoining country is partly occupied by extensive forests 
of pine, which supply important articles of export, in 
the form of turpentine, tar, lumber, &c. The navigation 
has lately been extended, by the construction of locks 
and dams as far as tho coal mines of Chatham County. 
The ample water power of the river is employed in 
manufactories of cotton and flour. 

Fayetteville contains an arsenal of construction, a 
large establishment enclosing about 50 acres, now nearly 
complete ; also 3 banks, and 3 newspaper offices. In 
1831, a large part of the town was destroyed by fire, 
and nearly $100,000 were subscribed for the relief of 
the sufferers by the citizens of this and other States. 
The prosperity of the place has recently been increased 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 185 

by the establishment of distilleries of turpentine, and by 
the construction of plank-roads. The aggregate length 
of the latter, completed and in progress, is about 350 
miles. Population about 10,000. 

LITTLE RIVER, (Fayetteville 6 miles— Mclvers 
36 miles,) an affluent of Cape Fear River, flows through 
Cumberland County from the west. Upper Little River 
enters the Cape Fear, in the northern part of the same 
county. 

SPOUT SPRING, (Fayetteville, 14 miles— Mc- 
lvers 22 miles.) 

ROCK BRANCH, (Fayetteville 21 miles— Mc- 
lvers 15 miles.) 

JONESBORO', (Fayetteville 29 miles— Mclvers 
'7 miles.) 

McIVERS, (Fayetteville 36 miles.) This is the 
terminus of the Fayetteville Railroad. It is a hilly and 
fertile country, and affords abundant and inexhaustible 
beds of anthracite and bituminous coal, which have 
been opened in the central part of North Carolina. 



VIRGINIA CENTKAL RAILB0AD, 

FROM CHARLOTTEYILLE TO JACKSON RIVER. 



See Index for Adams Express. 

CHARLOTTEVILLE, (described elsewhere,) 
(Jackson River 94 miles.) 

MECHUM'S RIVER, (Charlotteville 7 miles- 
Jackson River 87 miles-.) 



186 hunt's gazetteer of the 

GREENWOOD, (Charlotteville 15 miles— Jack- 
son River 79 miles,) a station at the base of the Blue 
Ridge Mountain. 

WAYHBSBORO', (Charlotteville 26 miles- 
Jackson River 68 miles,) a post village of Augusta Co., 
Virginia, situated at the west base of the Blue Ridge, 
108 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. The village con- 
tains 2 or 3 churches, and an academy. Population 
estimated at 800. 

FISHERS VXLLE, (Charlotteville 31 miles- 
Jacksonville 63 miles,) a post office of Augusta Co. 
Virginia. 

STAUNTON, (Charlotteville 38 miles— Jackson 
River 56 miles,) a flourishing town, capital of Augusta 
Co., Virginia, is situated on a small branch of the 
Shenandoah River, near its source, and 120 miles 
W. N. W. from Richmond. 

Staunton is the seat of the Western Lunatic Asylum, 
and of the Virginia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 
and Blind. The blind are in the same building with the 
deaf and dumb, but under a separate instructor. Staun- 
ton contains 4 or 5 churches, 2 academies, 2 female 
seminaries, and 2 banks. Three newspapers are pub- 
ished here. The surrounding country is highly pro- 
ductive, and beautifully diversified, forming part of the 
great Valley of Virginia, In the limestone formation 
of this region, extensive caverns occur, among w 
the most celebrated is "Weyer's Cave, about 18 milei 
northeast from Staunton. Population about 3,500. 

SWOOP'S, (Charlotteville 46 miles— Jackson River 
4 8 miles.) Creek. 

DTJNLAP'S, (Charlotteville 51 miles — Jackson 
River 43 miles,) in the southwest central part of. Vir- 
ginia, rises in Monroe Co., flows northeastward, and fails 
into Jackson River, near Covington. 

CRAIGSVILLE, (Charlotteville 61 miles— Jack- 
son River 33 miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 187 

GOSHEN, (Charlotteville 70 miles — Jackson Kiver 
42 miles.) 

Goshen is situated at -the foot of the Great North 
Mts. which passes through the mountain to Millboro 
by tunnel. 

MILLBORO, (Charlotteville 77 miles— Jackson 
Kiver IT miles,) flag station. Millboro is within 10 
miles of Warm Spring, in Bath Co. Between Millboro 
and Griffith the railroad passes through Graham 
Tunnel. 

GRIFFITH, (Charlotteville 85 miles— Jackson 
River 9 miles,) is situated on the head-waters of James 
River, at the foot of Great North Mountain. 

JACKSON RIVER, (Charlotteville 94 miles,) 
This place is situated near the White Sulphur Springs. 
The country about this place is remarkable for its beauti- 
ful scenery. 



ALEXANDRIA, LOUDON, AND HAMP- 
SHIRE RAILWAY. 



See Index for G. P. Hunt. 



ALEXANDRIA, (Leesburg 38 miles,) the capital 
of Alexandria Co., opposite Washington City. A canal 
extends from this city to Georgetown. 

ARLINGTON MILLS, (Alexandria G miles— 
Leesburg 32 miles,) flag station. 

CARLINVILLE, (Alexandria 1 miles— Leesburg 

31 miles,) flag station. 

FALL'S CHURCH, (Alexandria 11 miles— 
Leesburg 27 miles,) a post office, Fairfax Co. 



188 hunt's gazetteer of the 

VIENNA, (Alexandria 15 miles — Leesburg 23 
miles,) post village. 

HUNTER'S MILL, (Alexandria 18 miles— Lees- 
burg 20 miles,) post office. 

THORNTON, (Alexandria 21 miles— Leesburg 11 
miles,) post village. 

HERNDON, (Alexandria 23 miles— Leesburg 14 
miles,) post office. 

GUILFORD, (Alexandria 21 miles— Leesburg 11 
miles,) post office. 

FARMWELL, (Alexandria 31 miles— Leesburg 7 
miles.) post office. 

LEESBURG, (Alexandria 38 miles,) a handsome 
post borough, capital of Loudon Co., is situated near 
the Kittoctan Mountain, 3 miles from the Potomac 
River, and 150 miles north of Richmond. The streets 
are well paved, and the town is built in a neat and sub- 
stantial manner. It contains a court house, 3 churches, 
a bank, an academy, and a newspaper office. It is 
surrounded by a beautiful variety of landscapes. Fopu- 
ation 2,500. 



MANASSAS GAP RAILWAY, 



See Index for North Railroad. 



MANASSAS JUNCTION, (Mount Jackson 85 
miles.) The two great battles of Bnll Run were fought 
near this place, the former under Gen. McDowell, and 
the latter under Gen. Pope. 

GAINESVILLE, (Manassas Junction 8 miles- 
Mount Jackson 11 miles,) a small post village. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 189 

THOROUGHFARE, (Manassas Junction 14 miles 
— Mount Jackson 11 miles,) water station. 

SALBM, (Manassas Junction 24 miles — Mount 
Jackson 61 miles.) A post village of Fauquier County, 
Yirginia, 52 miles from Alexandria, and 114 miles 
K K "W". of Richmond. The situation is high and 
pleasant. The village contains 1 church, an academy, 
and several stores. The post office is Salem Fauquier. 

PIEDMONT, (Manassas Junction 34 miles — 
Mount Jackson 51 miles,) a post village of Fauquier Co., 
Yirginia. 

MACKHAM, (Manassas Junction 39 miles — Mount 
Jackson 46 miles,) a post office of Fauquier County, 
Virginia. 

FRONT ROYAL, (Manassas Junction ±1 miles- 
Mount Jackson 38 miles,) a flourishing post village. 

BUCSTON, Manassas Junction *10 miles — Mount 
Jackson 29 miles,) a wood and water station. 

"WOODSTOCK, (Manassas Junction 14 miles — 
Mount Jackson 11 miles,) a beautiful post village of She- 
nandoah Co., Ta.j is situated on the Valley Turnpike, 
1 mile from the north fork of the Shenandoah River, 
160 miles northwest of Richmond. 

MOUNT JACKSON,' (Manassas Junction 85 
miles,) a post village of Shenandoah Co., Virginia, on 
the Valley Turnpike from Staunton to Winchester. 



190 hunt's gazetteer of the 



NORTH MISSOURI RAILWAY. 



See Indes for Adams Express Co. 

ST. LOUIS, (St. Joseph 304 miles,) a city, port of 
entry, and seat of Justice of St. Louis Co., Missouri,, is 
situated on the right bank of the Mississippi River, 20 
miles below the entrance of the Missouri River, 174 
miles above the mouth of the Ohio River, 744 miles 
below the Falls of St. Anthony, 1,194 miles above New 
Orleans, and 128 miles east from Jefferson City. The 
site rises from the river by the two plateaus of limestone 
formation, the first 20, and the other 60 feet above the 
floods of the Mississippi. . The ascent to the first plateau 
or bottom, as it may be termed, is somewhat abrupt ; 
the second rises gradually, and spreads out into an ex- 
tensive plain, affording fine views of the city and river. 
St. Louis extends in all nearly 7 miles by the curve of 
the Mississippi, and about 3 miles back ; the thickly 
settled portion, however, is only 2 or 21 miles in length, 
and about l'J miles in breadth. The city is well laid 
out, the streets being for the most part 60 feet wide, and 
with but few exceptions, they cross each other at right 
angles. Among the public buildings may be noticed 
the court house, which occupies an entire square, built 
of Genevieve limestone, at a cost of about half a million 
of dollars. The style of architecture somewhat resem- 
bles that of the Capitol at Washington. The Centre 
y. The Old City Hall. Among the 
finest of the churches may be mentioned St. George's 
(Episcopal,) the Catholic Cathedral, and the Church of 
tho Messiah, a magnificent Gothic structure. Popula- 
il nearly 130.000. 

BELL^FONTAINB, (St. Louis 4 miles— St, Jo- 

300 miles.) a small village in St. Louis County, 

Missouri. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 191 

JENNINGS, (St. Louis 6 miles—St. Joseph 298 
miles,) post office. 

FERGUSON, (St. Louis 10 miles— St. Joseph 295 
miles,) flag station. 

GRAHAM'S, (St. Louis 12 miles— St. Joseph 292 
miles,) post office. 

PERRY LANDING, (St. Louis 19 miles— St. 
Joseph 285 miles,) at the crossing of the Missouri 
River. 

ST. CHARLES, (St, Louis 20 miles— St. Joseph 
284 miles,) a thriving post town, capital of St. Charles 
County, Missouri, on the left hank of the Missouri 
River, 22 miles from its mouth, 144 miles below Jeffer- 
son City, and about six miles by land, south from the 
Mississippi River. The situation is elevated and beauti- 
ful. The rocky bluffs in this vicinity present delightful 
views of the two great rivers just named. Quantities of 
limestone and sandstone, and mines of 'stone coal have 
been opened near the town. It contains several 
churches, 2 newspaper offices, and is the seat of St. 
Charles College, under the direction of the Methodists. 
Population estimated at about 5,000. 

DARDENNE, (St. Louis 29 miles— St. Joseph 215 
miles,) a small post village situated on a creek of the 
same name in St. Charles County, Missouri. 

O'FALLON, (St. Louis 34 miles— St. Joseph 210 
miles,) flag station. 

PERRUOUE, (St. Louis 31 miles— St. Joseph 261 
miles,) post office. 

WENTZVILLE, (St. Louis 42 miles— St. Joseph 
262 miles,) post office. 

MILLEVILLE, (St. Louis 48 miles— St. Joseph 
256 miles,) post village. 

WARRENTON, (St. Louis 51 miles— St. Joseph 
241 miles,) a thriving post village, capital of "Warren 
County, Missouri, 15 miles eastnortheast from Jefferson 



192 hunt's gazetteer of the 

City, and 14 miles north from the Missouri Eiver. It 
contains a steam flouring mill, and saw mill, a manufac- 
tory of tobacco and several stores. 

PENDLETON, (St. Louis 63 miles — St. Joseph 
241 miles,) post village. 

JONE8BT7RG, (St. Louis 6*7 miles— St. Joseph 
237 miles;) otherwise called Jonesboro', a post village of 
Saline County, Missouri, on Salt Fork of Lamine River, 
about 80 miles northwest from Jefferson City. 

HIGH HILL, (St. Louis 72 miles— St. Joseph 232 
miles,) a post village of Montgomery County, Missouri. 

FLORENCE, (St. Louis 7G miles— St. Joseph 228 
miles,) a post village of Morgan County, Missouri, 54 
miles west from Jefferson City. 

WELLSBURG, (St. Louis 89 miles— St. Joseph 
215 miles,) post office. 

MARTINSBURG, (St. Louis 94 miles — St. 
Joseph 210 miles,) a post village of Ripley County, Mis- 
souri, 190 miles southeast by south from Jefferson City. 

JEPPSTOWN, (St. Louis 101 miles— St. Joseph 
203 miles,) post village, small, but flourishing. 

MEXICO, (St. Louis 108 miles— St. Joseph 19G 
miles,) a small post village, capital of Audrain County, 
Missouri, on a Eork of Salt River, 50 miles northnorth- 
east from Jefferson City, containing a few stores and 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

CENTRALIA, (St. Louis 111 miles— St. Joseph 
183 miles,) water station. 

STURGEON, (St. Louis 129 miles— St. Joseph 
175 miles,) liag station. 

MACON CITY, (St. Louis 108 miles— St. Joseph 
136 miles,) a small post village of Macon County. Mis- 
souri, which is in the north part of the State, lia\ rag an 
area of 830 square miles. It is intersected by the 
Chariton River, and by its east fork. The east part is 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 193 

drained by the south fork of Salt River and the west 
part of Wolf Creek. 

BROGKFIEXiD, (St. Louis 202 miles— St. Joseph 
102 miles,) a small but nourishing post village. 

LA CLEDE, (St. Louis 207 miles—St. Joseph 97 
miles.) a smaU post village named in honor of La Clede, 
the founder of St. Louis. 

CH1LICOTHE, (St. Louis 228 miles— St. Joseph 
76 miles,) a post village, capital of Livingston County, 
Missouri, 3 or 4 miles northeast from Grand River, and 
159 miles northwest from Jefferson City. It has a 
court-house, 2 churches, and several stores. Population 
estimated at about 500. 

ST. JOSEPH, (St. Louis 304 miles,) a flourishing- 
town, capital of Buchanan County, Missouri, is situated 
on the left bank of the Missouri River, 340 miles above 
Jefferson City, and 496 miles by water from St. Louis. 
It is the most commercial and populous town of Western 
Missouri, and one of the . points of departure in the 
emigration to Oregon, California, &c. The town was 
laid out in 1843 and became the county seat in 1845. 
The population estimated at 10,000. 



HANNIBAL AND ST. JOSEPH 
EAILK0AD. 



See Index for G. P. Hunt. 



HANNIBAL, (St. Joseph 206 miles,) a flourishing 
town of Marion County, Missouri, on the Mississippi 
River, 153 miles above St. Louis, and 15 miles below 
Qufncy, Illinois. It is very advantageously situated for 



194 hunt's gazetteer of the 

commerce, and is rapidly increasing in population and 
business. Large quantities of hemp, tobacco, pork. &c 
which are raised in the vicinity, are shipped at this 
place. The adjacent country is very productive, and 
rather populous. Coal and carboniferous limestone, an 
excellent material for building, are abundant here. 
Population estimated at nearly 7,000. 

PALMYRA, (Hannibal 14 miles— St. Joseph 192 
miles,) a flourishing post village, capital of Marion Co., 
Missouri, 100 miles northeast from Jefferson City. The 
situation is high and healthy ; the water is excellent. 
Marion City, the landing-place of~Talinyra, on the Mis- 
sissippi, is 6 miles distant. The village contains several 
large brick churches, 3 or 4 very respectable schools, a 
United States land-office, 2 banks, and several newspaper 
offices. The population is about 3,000. 

MONROE, (Hanibal 30 miles— St. Joseph 176 
miles,) a small village in Monroe County, Missouri, which 
is in the northeast part of the State, having an area c f 
about 620 square miles. The surface is undulating, and 
consists partly of prairies ; the soil is very productive. 
Stone-coal abounds in several places; the rocks which 
underlie the country are limestone and freestone. Many 
of the streams furnish motive power for mills. Organized 
in 1830, capital, Paris. Population 12,500, of which 
9,000 are free, and 3,500 slaves. 

MASON CITY, (Hannibal 70 miles— St. Joseph 
136 miles.) Intersection of St. Louis and St. Joseph 
Railroad. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 195 

ST. LOUIS AND IRON MOUNTAIN 
RAILWAY. 



See Index for E. Mendanhall. 
ST. LOUIS, (Pilot Knob 87 miles.) 
LAMI STRBBT, (St. Louis 2 miles— Pilot Knob 
85 miles.) 

CARONDBLET, (St. Louis 6 miles— Pilot Knob 
79 miles,) a post village of St. Louis County, Missouri, 
on the western bank of the Mississippi River, and south 
of St. Louis. 

DOCKS, (St. Louis 7 miles— Pilot Knob 80 miles.) 

JEFFBRSOJtf BARRACKS, (St. Louis 10 
miles — Pilot Knob 77 miles,) a post village, and United 
States military station, in St. Louis County, Missouri, on 
the western bank of the Mississippi River, south by 
west of St. Louis. 

GRIMSLBT'S, (St. Louis 14 miles— Pilot Knob 
73 miles.) 

JEFFERSQItf, (St. Louis 18 miles— Pilot Knob 
69 miles,) a county in the eastern part of Missouri, 
bordering on the Mississippi River, which separates it 
from Illinois; has an area of 654 square miles. Big 
River flows through the county, and falls into the Mara- 
mec, which forms part of the northern boundary. The 
county is also drained by Plattiu; Joachim, and Sandy 
Creeks. The northern and eastern parts are generally 
level and fertile; the western portion is hilly and sterile. 
The hills contain rich mines of lead; copper and cobalt 
are .found in small quantities. Capital, Hillsborough. 
Population, 6,928, of whom 6,416 were free, and 512 



196 hunt's gazetteer of the 

K1MMSWICK, (St, Louis 21 miles— Pilot Knob 
66 miles.) 

SULPHUR SPRINGS, (St. Louis 23 miles- 
Pilot Knob 64 miles,) a post village of Jefferson County, 
on the Pacific Railroad, west of St. Louis. 

ILLINOIS, (St. Louis 26 miles— Pilot Knob 61 
miles.) 

PE1VLY, (St. Louis 28 miles— Pilot Knob 59 
miles.) 

HORINE8, (St, Louis 30 miles— Pilot Knob 57 
miles.) 

HEMBTITS (St. Louis 36 miles— Pilot Kuob 51 
miles.) 

VICTORIA, (St. Louis 39 miles— Pilot Knob 48 
miles.) 

DE SOTO, (St. Louis 43 miles— Pilot Knob 44 
miles.) 

TUNNEL, (St. Louis 47 miles— Pilot Knob 40 
miles.) 

BLACKWELL'S, (St. Louis 50 miles — Pilot 
Knob 37 miles.) 

CADET, (St. Louis 57 miles — Pilot Kuob 30 
miles.) 

MINERAL POINT, (St, Louis 61 mile:— Pilot 
Knob 26 miles.) 

POT03I, (Branch St, Louis 65 miles— Pilot Knob 
29 miles.) a post village, capital of Washington County, 
Missouri, S. S. "W. of St. Lou':S. It contains, besides the 
county buildings, several churches, and an academy. 

Rich mines oflead (in the form of sulphuret'! and of 
iron are worked in the vicinity. The lead ore j-ields 70 
or 80 per cent, of metal. 

HOPEWELL. (St. L ins 65 miles— Pilot Knob 22 
miles,) a post oiliee of Mississippi Co.. Missouri. 

IRONDALE, (St. Louis 70 miles— Pilot Knob 17 
miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 197 

BLAIRVILLB, (St. Louis 75 miles-— Pilot Knob 

12 miles.) 

IRON MOUNTAIN, (St. Louis 81 miles— Pilot 
Knob 6 miles,) a post office, St. Francis Co., Missouri. 

MIDDLE BROOKS, (St. Louis 83 miles— Pilot 
Knob 4 miles.) 

PILOT KNOB, (St. Louis 81 miles,) a mountain 
444 feet high, and, it is said, formed of steel, is well 
worth a visit from the curious and scientific tourist. 



PACIFIC RAILROAD. 



See Index for G. H. Green. 

ST. LOUIS, (Dresden 196 miles,) 

LA CLEDE, (Dresden 188 miles— St. Louis 8 
miles,) a small village named in honor of La Clede, the 
founder of St. Louis. 

ST. PAUL, (St Louis 24 miles— Dresden 172 
miles,) a post office of Green Co., Missouri. 

FRANKLIN, (St. Louis 37 miles— Dresden 159 
miles,) junction of the southwest branch running to 
Polla. 

WASHINGTON, (St. Louis 55 miles— Dresden 
141 miles,) a thriving post village of Franklin County, 
Missouri, is situated on the Mississippi Liver, 60 miles 
by the road west from St. Louis. It is the principal 
depot for the produce which is exported irom the 
country. 

HERMANN, (St. Louis 81 miles— Dresden 115 
miles,) a post village, capital of Gasconade County, 



198 hunt's gazetteer of the 

Missouri, on the right bank of the Missouri River, 49 
miles east from Jefferson City, was settled by Germans 
in 1837. Population 1,300. 

GASCONADE, (St. Louis 88 miles— Dresden 108 
miles,) a small village at the mouth of tlie Gasconade 
River. 

OSAGE, (St. Louis 117 miles— Dresden 79 miles,) 
a small post village at the crossing of the Osage River, 
\ mile above its mouth. 

JEFFERSON CITY, (St. Louis 125 miles- 
Dresden 71 miles,) capital of the State of Missouri, and 
seat of justice of Cole County, on the right bank of (he 
Missouri River, 155 miles by water from St. Louis, and 
980 miles from "Washington. The situation is elevated 
picturesque, .commanding a fine view of the river, and 
of the cedar-crowned cliffs on the opposite shore. It 
contains the State-house, the Governor's residence and 
the State penitentiary. Five or sis newspapers are 
published here. Population 7.000. 

OTTERVILLE, (St. Louis 176 miles— Dresden 20 
miles,) a small but flourishing post village of Cooper 
Countv, Missouri, 50 miles northnorthwestfrom Jefferson 
City. '. 

DRESDEN, (St. Louis 196 miles,) a small posl 
village, the terminus of tho Pacific Railroad. The road 
is in progress of building between Dresden and Kansas 
City, which is to be the final terminus of the Pacific 
Railroad. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 199 



SOUTHWEST BEANCH OF PACIFIC 
RAILWAY. 



See Inde:£ for Northern Railroads. 
ST. LOUIS, (Rolla 113 miles.) 
FRANKLIN, (St. Louis 3T miles— Rolla 16 miles,) 
a county in the east part of Missouri, has an area of 874 
square miles. It is bounded on the north by Missouri 
River, intersected by the Maramee, and Riviere au 
Bceuf, and also drained by Bourbeuse, Berges, St. John's 
and Indian Creeks. The surface is undulating and 
hilly; the soil is mostly fertile, especially on the bluffs 
of the Missouri, and along the other streams. Large 
quantities of iron, lead, and copper are found on the 
banks of the Maramee River and Bourbeuse Creek. 
Two iron furnaces are kept in constant operation. 
Mines of copper and lead have been opened in numerous 
places, and yield great profits. It is plentifully sup- 
plied with water power. TlfS route of the Pacific Rail- 
way has been surveyed through the county. Capital, 
Union. Population 11,021, of whom 9 ; 5G2 were free, 
and 1,459 slaves. 

The Maramee River which intersects thisplace,has been 
navigated by small steamboats in this county, and with 
little improvement it would be navigable to the Virginia 
mines of Franklin County, a distance of perhaps 100 
miles. The Maramee rises in Dent County, in the south- 
east central part of the State. Its general direction is 
northeast, and its whole length is estimated at 300 
miles. A small stream called the Osage Pork, enters 
the river from the right, in the northeast part of Craw- 
ford County. The Dry Pork rises near the northeast 



200 hunt's gazetteer of the 

extremity of Texas County, and flowing northward, 
falls into the main stream near Massey's iron works, in 
Crawford County. 

CARAWISSA, (St. Louis 41 miles— Bolla 12 
miles.) 

CALVBY, (St. Louis 43 miles— Holla- 10 miles.) 
MOSELLE, (St. Louis 49 miles— Kolla 64 miles.) 

ST. CLARE, (St. Louis 55 miles— Kolla 58 miles,) 
a county in the westsouthwest part of Missouri, has an 
area of about 650 square miles. It is intersected by 
the Osage River, and also drained by Sac River, and 
by Warblow, Peshaw, and the Monaghan Creeks. The 
surface is somewhat diversified, and consists partly 
of prairies and partly of timbered land. Capital, 
Osceola. Population 3,546, of whom 3,108 were free, 
and 448 slaves. 

STAUNTON, (St. Louis 65 miles— Rolla 48 miles.) 
SULLIVAN, (St. Louis 71 miles— Rolla 42 miles.) 

BOURBON, (St. Louis 11 miles— Rolla 36 miles,) 

a post office of Crawford Co., Missouri. 

HARRISON, (St. Louis 82 miles— Rolla 31 miles. ) 
CUBA, (St. Louis 90 miles— Rolla 23 miles.) 
KNOBVIEW, (St. Louis 97 miles — Rolla 16 

miles.) 

ST. JAMES, (St. Louis 103 miles— Rolla 10 

miles.) 

DILLON, (St. Louis 103 miles— Rolla 5 miles.) 

ROLLA, (St. Louis 113 miles,) the terminns of the 

southwestern branch of the Pacific Road. It is the 
county seat of Phelps Count}'. The Massey's iron 
works are planted here. It is a flourishing place. 



BORDER AND SOUTHER!? STATES, 201 



RED RIVER. 

This river is 2,100 miles in length, including its south 
fork, the length of the main stream is about 1,200 miles. 
During eight months of the year the steamboats regu- 
gularly navigate it to Shreveport, a distance of 500 miles, 
and the navigation is good -in all stages of water to 
Alexandria. The portion of the river above the raft is 
also navigable by small boats for 300 miles, except in 
low water. The great raft which is the most serious 
drawback to the prosperity of the upper part of the Red 
River Valley, consists of an immense mass of drift wood 
and trees which have been brought down several hun- 
dred miles by the current, and lodging here, obstructing 
the channel for a distance of 70 miles, and inundating 
the adjacent country. In 1834-3.5 it was removed by 
the Government, at an expense of $300,000, but another 
has since been formed. The lower part of the raft is 
now about 30 miles above Shreveport. Duriug high 
water small boats pass round the raft by means of the 
lateral channels or lakes which are then formed. 



WASHITA RIVER. 

The "Washita, formerly Ouachita River, formed by 
three branches, the North, Middle, and South Forks, 
which unite in Montgomery Co., in the western part of 
Arkansas. It flows in a general southeastern course, 
until it crosses the northern boundary of Louisiana. 
Below this its direction is nearly southward, and it emp- 
ties into Red River by three channels about 30 miles 
from its mouth. Its length is 500 miles. The portion 
of this river below the mouth of Tensas River is some- 
times called Black River. It is regularly navigated by 
large steamboats to Camden, a handsome post village, 
capital of "Washita Co., Arkansas, 300 miles from the 
mouth of the river. Camden is situated on a declivity 



202 hunt's gazetteer of the 

of a high range of hills, and is built very tastefully. A 
few years ago the site was occupied by a dense forest, 
and many of the trees are still standing in the streets, 
This place is one of the most flourishing places in the 
State, being at the head of navigation. Population 
1600. Monroe, a post village and capital of Wachita 
Parish, Louisiana, is on the east side of this river, 250 
miles by Water from Baton- Rouge, Louisiana. The 
Vicksburg and Shreveport Railroad is completed to this 
place. 

ARKANSAS RIVER. 

The Arkansas River rises in the Rocky Mountains 
near the boundary between Utah and the Indian Terri- 
tory. It pursues an easterly course for several hundred 
miles ; near the 98th degree of western longitude it 
turns and flows southeast to Port Smith, a thriving post 
village of Sebastian Co., Arkansas, on the right bank of 
the river. It has an extensive trade with tho Indians, 
and is a military post of the United States. Population 
1,700. 

Yan Buren is on this river, and is the capital of ' 
Crawford Co., Arkansas. The village is finely situated 
on the north bank, and is one of the most commercial 
places in the whole State. It contains 4 churches, 2 
newspapers tiro published here. Stoue-coal is found in 
the vicinity. Population about 1,700. Stone-coal is 
found in many places between here and Little Rock, the 
capital of the State, which is about 300 miles from its 
mouth. It is situated on a rocky promontory or bluff, 
about 50 feet high, commanding an extensive view of 
the surrounding country. ^toamboats run regularly 
from here to tho Mississippi River. Pine Bluff is on 
this river, about 50 miles southeast of Little Rock, and 
is capital of Jefferson Co., Arkansas. About 20,000 
bales of cotton are shipped here annually. Population 
650. Arkansas Post, is on the northern bank of this 
river, 50 miles from its mouth. It has a landing for 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 203 

steamboats. It was settled by the French in 1685, and 
was for many years the depository of all the peltries of 
this region. This river empties into the Mississippi at 
Napoleon, the capital of Desha Co., Arkansas. It is a 
place of active business. Steamboats run regularly to 
Little Rock from here. 



WHITE RIVER. 

White River of Arkansas and Missouri, is formed by 
three small bronches which rise among the Ozark 
Mountains, and unite a few miles east of Fayetteville, a 
flourishing post village, county seat of Washington Co., 
Arkansas. Population 1,500. From here it flows north-- 
easterly into Missouri, and after making a circuit of 100 
miles, returns into Arkansas, and pursues a south- 
easterly course, (Athens, a village of Izard Co., Ark., 
is on the right bank of this river, at the mouth of Pine 
Bayou, 6 miles northeast of Mount Oliva,) to the mouth 
of Black River, which is its largest affluent. From this 
point its direction is nearly southward, until it enters 
the Mississippi, 15 miles above the mouth of the Arkan- 
sas. At this place is Montgomery Point, a flourishing 
village of Desha Co., Arkansas. The whole length of 
this river is 800 miles; it is navigable to the mouth of 
Black River, 350 miles, in all stages of water, and 
during a large portion of the year boats ascend to 
Batesville, 50 miles higher up. Batesville is a thriving 
town, capital of Independence Co., Arkansas, 115 miles 
northwest of Memphis, Tennessee, and is the most im- 
portant town in the northeastern part of the State, 
Population 2,000. 



204 



hunF s gazetteer of the 



Mew Orleans to Pitts- 
burg. 

Via Ohio and Mississippi 

Elvers. 
New Orleans miles. 

Carrolton 10 

Red Church 13 28 

Jefferson College 33 66 

Donaldsonville 19 85 

Plaquernine 33 118 

Baton Rouge 20 138 

Port Hudson 21 159 

Waterloo 6 16o 

St. Frahcisville 7 172 

Cut-off Bend 33 202 

Red River 2.7 229 

Fort Adams, Miss 10 239 

Ellis 1 Cliffs 45 275 

Natchez 13 293 

Rodney 45 338 

Grand Gulf 21 859 

Vieksburg . 52 411 

Providence 76 437 

Talulah, Miss 20 507 

Princeton 24 531 

Greenville 36 567 

Columbia, Ark IS 535 

Napoleon 62 617 

Montgomery Point.... 20 667 

Victoria, Miss 1 663 

Helena, Ark 72 740 

Sterling 12 752 

Peyton, Miss 24 776 

Commerce 82 808 

Memphis, Tenn 28 886 

Greenock, Ark 84 SJ.O 

Fulton, Tenn 43 91J 

Osceola, Ark 11 '•' -' ' 

Little Prairie, Mo 47 970 

New Madrid, Mo 80 1000 

Hickman, Ky ,-• 40 1040 

Columbus, Ky 15 1055 

Cairo, modi of the Ohio. 18 1072 

Trinity 5 1078 

Caledonia 9 1081 

Paducah 31 1118 

Smithlield 16 1134 

Golconda, 111., 18 1152 

Cave in Rock 21 1171 

Suawneetown 22 1193 

Wabash River 10 1203 

Carthage 7 1210 



MILBS, 

Mount Vernon 14 1224 

Hendersonvilie 26 1250 

Evansvilie 10 1260 

Green River 9 1269 

Owensboro' 27 1296 

Rockport 9 1305 

Troy 15 1320 

Hawesville 4 1324 

Cloverport 9 1333 

Rome. Ind 25 1358 

Leavenworth 36 1394 

Bradenburg 13 1412 

West Point 17 1429 

New- Albany 2 1431 

Louisville 4 1435 

JeffersonvilJe. 11436 

Charleston 16 1452 

Bethlehem 14 1466 

Madison 32 1493 

Vevay 22 1520 

Warsaw.. 10 1530 

EisingSun 24 1554 

Lawrenceburg 11 1565 

Cincinnati,or Covfgt'n.. 23 15S3 

New Richmond 19 1607 

Augusta 19 1626 

Maysville.or Aberdeen. 17 1643 

Manchester 12 1 655 

Vanceburg IS 1673 

Portsmouth 20 1693 

Greenupsbtirg 22 1715 

Cattiesburg... 20 1736 

Burlington 4 1789 

Guyandotte, Va., 7 1746 

Gallipolis 37 1788 

Point Pleasant 4 17S7 

Let art's Rapids 55 1312 

Parkersburg 17 1859 

Marietta..." 1 I 

Newport 15 13S7 

rflle 25 1912 

Elizabetbtown 87 1949 

Wheeling 13 1962 

Wellsburg 17 1979 

Bteubenville 7 1986 

Wellsville 12 1998 

Georgetown 15 2013 

Beaver 5 2018 

Economy 12 2030 

Mhhlletown 8 2033 

Pittsburg 10 204S 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES 



205 



New Orleans to Falls of 
St, Anthony. 

Via Mississippi River. 
N. Orleans to Cairo, see miles. 
N. 0. to Pittsburg ... 1073 

Commerce, Mo 28 1101 

Cape Girardeau 12 1113 

Bainbridge, 111 12 1126 

Chester ..42 1168 

St. Genevieve, Mo IT 11S5 

Herculaneum 30 1215 

Harrisonville, 111 2 1217 

Jefferson Barracks 20 1237 

St. Louis 9 1246 

Mouth of the Missouri. 20 1266 

Alton 2 1268 

Mouth of Illinois River 17 1285 

Malan 7 1292 

Hamburg 34 1326 

Clarkesville 13 1339 

Louisiana 13 1352 

Hannibal 20 1372 

Marion City "... 10 1382 

Quincy 10 1392 

La Grange 10 1402 

Tully 6 1408 

Warsaw 16 1424 

Montebello 7 1431 

Nauvoo and Montrose . 10 1441 

Fort Madison 6 1447 

Burlington IS 1465 

Oquawka 16 1481 

New Boston 18 1499 

Bloomington 23 1522 

Bock Island 27 1549 

Albany 31 1580 

Lyons 9 1589 

Charleston 14 1603 

Savannah 2 1605 

Bellevue 12 1617 

Fever River 11 1628 

Dubuque 16 1644 

Sinapee. 7 1651 

Cassville 21 1672 

Wisconsin River 22 1694 

Paririe Du Chien 4 1698 

Sappa River 82 1780 

Lake Pepin 80 I860 

St. Charles 50 1910 

St. Paul's 35 1945 

"Port Snelling 6 1951 

Falls St, Anthony,, ... . 10 1961 



New Orleans to Kaslx=» 

ville. 
Yia Miss., Ohio, and Cumber- 
land Rivers, 
N.Orleans to Smithland, miles. 
see Jf. O.to Pittsburg. 1134 

Eddyville 30 1164 

Rockcastle 20 1184 

Canton. 7 1191 

Tobacco Port 15 1203 

Dover 13 1219 

Palmyra 29 1243 

Clarkesville 12 1260 

Nashville.. 63 1323 



lew Orleans to §5ireve.» 

port; 

Via Mississippi and Bed 

Rivers, 

New Oreeatcs. 

Donaldsonville 85 

Plaquemine 33 US 

Baton I . ouge 20 1 88 

St. Fumcisvilie 34 172 

Mouth of "fted River.. 59 2-29 

Alexandria 90 319 

N achitoches • • 80 399 

Grand Ecore 7 406 

Shreveport 125 533 



lew Orleans to Gal- 
veston. 

Via Mississip>pi River and 

Gulf of Mexico. 
New Okleans. 

English Turn 12 

Poverty Point 23 35 

Fort St. Phillip, ) ?>J 72 
Fort Jackson, ( " ' 

Mouth of Miss. River... 33 105 

Galveston 300 405 



206 hunt's gazetteer of the 



TUBNPXKES, 

(FROM COLUMBIA IN ARKANSAS TO ST. LOUIS, 
MISSOURI. 

COLUMBIA, (Bartholomew 26 miles,) a post 
village, capital of Chicot Co., Arkansas, on the right 
hank of the Mississippi, 115 miles S. S. E. of Little 
Rock, was first settled in 1830.. Population 400. 

BARTHOLOMEW, (Abeel's Creek 32 miles,) a 
post office to Chicot Co., Ark. 

ABEEL'S CREEK, (Hudgins 21 miles.) 

HUD GINS, (Pine Bluff 15 miles.) 

PINE BLUFF, (Little Rock, 43 miles,) a thriving 
post village, capital of Jefferson Co., Arkansas, on the 
right bank of Arkausas River. It is situated in a ricli 
cotton-planting region, and contains a newspaper office 
and several stores. About 20,000 bales of cotton are 
shipped here annually in steamboats. Population about 
5,000. 

LITTLE ROCK, (Orlando Grove, 30 miles.) 
Little Rock, capital of Arkansas and seat of justice 
of Pulaski Co., on the right or southern bank of Arkan- 
sas River, about 300 miles from its mouth, 155 miles 
west by south of Memphis, and 1065 miles west by south 
'hington. latitude 34° 40', longitude 83° 10'. It 
is situated on a rocky promontory or bluff, about 50 feet 
high, the first that occurs in ascending the river, com- 
manding a delightful and extensive view of the sur- 
rounding country. The State-House is a fine brick 
edifice, rough cast. This town contains a United States 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 207 

arsenal, the State penitentiary, which has been onee or 
twice burnt down by the convicts, and 6 churches. 
There are 2 newspapers published here. It has also a 
Masonic Hall, an Odd Fellows Hall, and several semi- 
naries. 

The United States Court for the Eastern District is 
held here. Many of the residents are planters who own 
large estates. Little Rock communicates regularly by 
steamboat with different points on the Arkansas and 
Mississippi. Population about 5,000. This place was 
captured by the Federals on the 10th of Sept., 1863. 

ORLANDO GROVE, (Searcy 20 miles.) 

SEARCY, (Batesville 46 miles.) 
A small post village, capital of White Co., Arkansas, 
about 50 miles northeast of Little Rock. 



BATESVILLE, (Sulphur Springs 10 miles.) 
A thriving town, capital of Independence Co., Ark., 
on "White River, about 400 miles from its mouth, 90 
miles 1ST. N. E. of Little Rock, and 115 miles from Mem- 
phis, Tenn. Small steamers can ascend the river to this 
point at nearly all seasons. A great influx of emigra- 
tion is directed to this section of the State, which offers 
strong inducements in soil and climate. Pine timber 
and water power are abundant in the county. Bates 1 
ville is the most important town in the northeastern 
part of the State, and has an active trade. Population 
about 2,500. 



NEW YORK AND ALLEN TOWN. 




K.A.IIL.I8,O^XS>. 



PASSENGERS going west from NEW YORK, 
ALLEN TOWN, or via PHILADELPHIA, PITTS- 
BURGH via STEUBENVILLE, COLUMBUS, CIN- 
CINNATI, ST. LOUIS, via ODEN or SEYMOUR, 
LOUISVILLE. 

PASSENGERS going to CHICAGO will buy their 
tickets NEW YORK, ALLEN TOWN, or via 
PHILADELPHIA, PITTSBURGH via STUEBEN- 
VILLE, COLUMBUS, HAMILTON, KAKOMO, 
CHICAGO; going to INDIANAPOLIS, same ticket 
via CINCINNATI. 

See Map for direct route and shortest west and 
south 

208 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 209 

THE PENNSYLVANIA CENTEAL 
EAILEAOD. 



This road having its eastern terminus at Philadelphia, 
is justly to be considered one of, and perhaps the best 
road in the United States. From Philadelphia to Pitts- 
burgh the road runs a distance of 356 miles, of which 
291 miles are double track. The entire road is con- 
structed in the most admirable manner, and the firm- 
ness of its bed, the solidity and evenness of its track, 
do not fail to call forth the encomiums of travelers; so 
forcibly does the smooth and comparatively quiet run- 
ning of its cars, contrast with the wearying tormenting 
motion of cars on so many of our American roads. The 
care and skill with which its trains are run, is evidenced 
by the fact, that out of 3,000,000 passengers carried 
during the last three years, none have lost their lives 
from accidents, the result of negligence of the company 
or its agents. 

The first survey for a railroad was made in 1838. In 
1841 the Board of Canal Commissioners appointed an 
engineer to make a full survey for a railway from Harris- 
burg to Pittsburgh. In 1845 the first meeting of the 
citizens of Philadelphia was held, in relation to building 
the road. In 1846 a law was obtained to incorporate 
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. A town meeting 
of the citizens of Philadelphia was called as soon as the 
Act was passed, and a committee appointed to prepare 
an address to the citizens, urging the measure. The 
address met with a warm response; private and cor- 
porate subscriptions were soon obtained, and there was 
no longer any doubt of the success of the road left. 
The process of constructing the road was commenced 
under S. V. Merrick, President, Geo. V. Bacon, Treas- 
urer, and J. Edgar Thompson, Chief Engineer, and 



210 hunt's gazetteer of the 

pushed forward with great vigor and genius, to the 
present day ; giving to the public a road unsurpassed in 
this country, and which, when its double track is com- 
pleted its entire distance, will be without doubt the 
finest railway in the world. 

The cost of the road, including the main line of public 
works, is about $30,000,000; but enormous as the sum 
may seem, it is estimated that when its double track is 
completed, that the tonnage of the road can be increased, 
if necessary, to one million tons per annum, independent 
of the passenger business, and the income at low rates 
to $5,000,000. Upon the gigantic proportions vrhieh 
the business of this road must in the future assume, we 
have no' space to theorize, and proceed to make such 
mention of its various stations as are necessary. 

PHILADELPHIA.— New York trains leave at 
6.00 and 11.00, A. M., and 2.00, 4.00, 6.30, 12.00, P. M. 
"West Chester Accommodation leaves at 8.45, A. M. 
12.00 and 4.00, P. M. Parkesburgh train West 5.45, . 
P. M. Lancaster train West 4.00, P. M. For Accom- 
modation Trains of Penn. Central Railroad, see pages 
4 and 5. For Regular Trains of Penn. Central Rail- 
road, see pages 2 and 3. 

The city of Philadelphia, the Eastern terminus of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, is second in importance to no city 
in the United States. The entire length of the city, as 
now consolidated, is twenty-throe miles, and the aver- 
age breadth five miles. The densely inhabited portion 
of this area is about four miles on the Delaware and 
two and a half miles on the Schuylkill, having a breadth 
between the two rivers of 12,0 9S feet. The population 
is estimated at over 600,000, and the number of dwell- 
ings, shops and manufactories are estimated at 100,000. 
There aro 7,400 stores, 299 churches, 304 public school- 
houses, 18 banks, 11 market-houses, 8 medical schools, 
1 gas works, 5 water works, 15 public halls, 350 miles 
of cobblo pavements, 500 miles of foot pavement, 5,631 
gas and fluid lamps, 9 public squares, 14 cemeteries, 9 
railroad depots and 90 fire engine houses. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 211 

Any mention, however brief, of all the branches of 
the vast and multiform business transacted in so large 
a city, is, of course, not to be attempted in a publication ' 
of such limited space as this. A brief digest of the 
facts in relation to the more leading pursuits of her 
business population is all that can be attempted. 

Reaching by railroad and canal vast and inexhaustible 
fields of anthracite coal, within easy distance, Philadel- 
.phia is the chief seat of the anthracite coal trade, and 
her receipts of that mineral are about 3,500,000 tons 
annually. The wharves of the Reading railroad, one 
of the principal places of the shipment of coal, are in 
themselves a curiosity worthy of the notice of strangers. 
For locomotives Philadelphia is justly renowned, and 
those manufactured there are to be seen on every rail- 
road in the United States. One of the largest estab- 
lishments for the manufacture of locomotives, when 
fully occupied, employs 1,400 hands, and has turned 
out three complete locomotives in a week. In the mak- 
ing of iron Philadelphia is a prominent point, and there 
is a large amount of capital employed in the various 
establishments within the limits of the city. Among 
other establishments working in iron there are 10 rol- 
ling mills, employing 700 hands, producing 17,070 tons 
of rolled iron annually. There are 5 foundries devoted 
to the manufacture of stoves, producing about 25,000 
tons yearly ; 3 foundries occupied with casting hollow 
ware ; 6 foundries occupied in casting iron fronts for 
buildings. There are also a large number of extensive 
establishments engaged in the manufacture of the 
various descriptions of machinery, also several manu- 
facturing gas and water works' apparatus. Hardware, 
such as saws, shovels, forks, locks, bolts, edged tools 
and cutlery are also largely produced. 

It is estimated that the entire iron manufacture of 
Philadelphia, embracing the rolling mills, foundries, 
locomotive works, machine shops, railroad car factories, 
and all the smaller branches, give employment to over 
10,000 hands" and annually produce articles to the value 
As a manufacturing point for textile 



212 hunt's gazetteer of the 

fabrics, Philadelphia is very conspicuous, there being in 
the city and immediate vicinity, 9,569 power looms, and 
. 282,2-97 spindles running on cotton, wool and silk, em- 
ploying 13,557 hands, and producing goods to the 
value of.$17,140,050. The entire value of the branches 
of productive or manufacturing industry are summed up 
in " Philadelphia and her manufactures" at $132,348,488. 
As a dry goods market, some idea of its extent may 
be formed by the figures given in the report of the 
Philadelphia Board of Trade for 1860, which estimates 
that a total of $73,500,000 of dry goods are annually 
distributed from that city to other markets, and the 
number of jobbing houses are set down at 259. 

HESTONVILLE, (Philadelphia 4 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 352 miles,) flag station. Only accommodation 
trains stop. A small village formed by the residences 
of persons doing business in Philadelphia. It contains 
about 300 inhabitants. 

CXT3T AVENUE, Philadelphia 6 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 350 miles,) flag station for accommodation trains 
only. 

MERIOXT, (Philadelphia 7 miles— Pittsburgh 349 
miles,) flag station for accommodation trains only. 

LXBERTYVILLH, (Philadelphia 8 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 348 miles,) flag station for accommodation trains 
only. 

ATHENSVILLE, (Philadelphia 9 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 347 miles.) flag station. Only accommodation 
trains stop. A small village in Montgomery Co. Popu- 
lation 200. 

HAVERPOHD, (Philadelphia 10 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 346 miles,) flag station for mail and accommoda- 
tion trains only. 

WHITE HALL, (Philadelphia 11 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 315 miles,) flag station. Only accommodation 
trains stop. 

WEST HAVERFORD, (Philadelphia HI miles 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 213 

■ — Pittsburgh 344-i- miles,) flag station. Mail and accom- 
modation trains only stop. 

VILLA NOVA, (Philadelphia 12 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 344 miles.) Accommodation trains only stop. A 
Roman Catholic college is situated here. 

MORGAN'S CORNER, (Philadelphia 14 miles 
— Pittsburgh 342 miles.) Mail and accommodation 
trains stop regularly. 

EAGLE, (Philadelphia 17 miles— Pittsburgh 339 
miles.) This station is in Delaware Co. One and a half 
miles south of this station is an ancient Welsh church, 
erected in 1717. In the burial ground attached are 
interred the remains of G-en. Anthony "Wayne. 

ALMIRA, (Philadelphia 18 miles— Pittsburgh 333 
miles.) 

RES SEVILLE, (Philadelphia 19 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 337 miles.) 

PAOL1, (Philadelphia 21 miles— Pittsburgh 335 
miles.) Mail and accommodation trains only stop. 

About two miles south of this station, is the locality 
of the action between the British and American troops, 
on the night of Sept. 20th, 1777, commonly known as 
the Paoli massacre. The Americans, numbering 1,500, 
under the command of Gen. Wayne, were surprised by 
a large force of British, under Gen. Gray. After a short 
Struggle, the Americans, overwhelmed by superior num- 
bers, retreated. One hundred and fifty Americans were 
killed and wounded ; many were massacred, after all 
resistance had ceased. The neighborhood of this station 
is replete with memorials of the Revolution. A few 
miles to the right is Yalley Forge, which, although not 
strictly on the line of the railroad, is near enough to class 
as one of the historical interests of the route. 

GREEN TREE, (Philadelphia 22 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 334 miles.) 

Gen. Anthony Wayne, in his lifetime, resided in this 
vicinity. Born in Easton Township, Montgomery Co., 



214 hunt's gazetteer of the 

Jan. 1, 1745, he entered the army in 1775 as colonel of 
a corps of volunteers. At the peace of 1783, he re- 
turned, to private life. In 1789 he was a member of 
the Pennsylvania Convention. In 1792 he succeeded 
G-ens. Harmer and St. Clair in the command of the 
northwestern frontier. His life of peril and of glory 
ended in 1796 at Presque Isle, by his death in a cabin 
of that outpost. His remains were interred, by his own 
request, at the foot of the flag staff of the fort, from 
whence they were removed in 1809, by his son, Col. 
Isaac "Wayne, and re-interred in Eadnor church yard, 
as previously mentioned. 

WEST CHESTER, Intersection, (Philadelphia 23 
miles — Pittsburg 333 miles.) Junction of a branch to 
West Chester, 9 miles distant; the county seat of 
Chester Co. 

GARRETT'S SIDING, (Philadelphia 25 miles- 
Pittsburgh 331 miles.) 

STEAMBOAT, (Philadelphia 26 miles— Pittsburgh 
330 miles.) 

WALKERTOWN, (Philadelphia 29 miles — 
Pittsburgh 327 miles.) 

OAKLAND. (Philadelphia 30 miles— Pittsburgh 
326 miles.) 

This station is on the south side of Chester Valley. 
Between this and the next station, tho road crosses one 
of tho highest and largest bridges on the route. It is 
composed of 4 spans of 130 feet each. It was erected 
in 1838, and has since been rebuilt in a very substantial 
manner. 

DOWNINGTOWN, (Philadelphia 34 miles- 
Pittsburgh 322 miles.) 

At Downingtown a newly constructed Branch — the 
"East Brandywine and Waynesburg Road," extends 
along the margin of Brandywine Creek, through a fer- 
tile and beautiful valley, a distance of 18 miles. 

GALLAGHERVILLE, (Philadelphia 35 miles- 
Pittsburgh 321 miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 215 

CALN, (Philadelphia 38 miles— Pittsburgh 318 
miles.) 

CQATESVILLE, (Philadelphia 39 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 317 miles.) 

MIDWAT, (Philadelphia 40 miles— Pittsburg 316 
miles.) 

CHANDLERS, (Philadelphia 44 miles— Pittsburgh 
312 miles.) 

PARXESBTJRG, (Philadelphia 45 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 311 miles.) All trains stop at this station. 
Parkesburg accommodation train leaves for Philadelphia 
at 6.20 A. M. ; arrives there 9.10 A. M. A village of 
about 500 inhabitants. The settlement was commenced 
about the year 1832. The repair shops for the Phila- 
delphia division of the road are located here. 

FENCING-TON, (Philadelphia 49 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 307 miles.) 

CHRISTIANA, (Philadelphia 50 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 306 miles.) 

GAP, (Philadelphia 52 miles— Pittsburgh 304 miles.) 

KINSERS, (Philadelphia 55 miles— Pittsburgh 
301 miles.) 

LEAMAN PLACE, (Philadelphia 59 miles— 
Pittsburg 297 miles.) All through trains stop 4 minutes 
for wood and water. 

GORDONVILLE. (Philadelphia 60 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 296 miles.) 

BIRD-IN-HAND, (Philadelphia/ 63 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 293 miles.) 

LANCASTER, (Philadelphia 70 miles— Pittsburgh 
286 miles.) All trains stop at this station. Lancaster 
accommodation which leaves Philadelphia at 4.10 P. M., 
arrives here at -7.44 P. M. Same train leaves Lancaster 
9.10 A. M., arrives at Philadelphia 12.35. 

The fourth city of the State of Pennsylvania. Laid 



216 hunt's gazetteer of the 

out iii 1700, by Andrew Hamilton, was in June, 1797) 
incorporated as a borough, and as a city, in 1818. From 
1799 to 1812, the town was the seat of government of 
the State. Many incidents of interest are connected 
with the history of this locality. In 1777, while Phila- 
delphia was held by the British, Congress, for a short 
time, assembled here. In 1763, occurred in the town, 
the massacre of the Conestoga Indians, by the "Paxton 
Boys." On the night of Dec. 14, of that year, a number 
of armed men, on horseback, made a descent upon the 
Indian village ; most of the men were absent. Those 
remaining, and the women and children were butchered, 
and the village burnt. The authorities hastily collected 
the scattered remnants of the tribe, into a stone work- 
house, in the town of Lancaster ; but on Sunday, ? the 
27th, while the inhabitants were at church, the Paxton 
Boys rode into town, forced the doors of the workhouse, 
and murdered the fourteen Indians therein contained. 
The pretext for the massacre was that the feeble rem- 
nant of the Conestogas were said to be harboring two 
or three hostile Indians. The affair created, in its day, 
great excitement. The Paxton Boys threatened to 
visit Philadelphia, and destroy some Moravian Indians, 
who had fled to that city for shelter. The people of the 
city were much alarmed, and several companies were 
formed to repel the attack. The Paxton Boys, learning, 
upon their approach to the Schuylkill, the reception 
prepared for them, retreated to their homes. The Pax- 
ton Boys were from the townships of Donegal and 
Paxton, largely settled by Scotch-Irish. 

The present city of Lancaster is substantially built. 
The streets aro laid off at right angles, and lighted with 
gas. It contains a population of about 17,000. There 
aro 18 churches in tho citj\ Its court-house, costing 
$100,000, is a fine building. The new penitentiary, 
seen on the left, going west, is a well arranged struc- 
ture, costing $110,000. Quito a number of industrial 
works are established here, and 10 macadamized roads 
radiate to different sections of tho country. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 217 

DXLLERVILLE, (Philadelphia 71 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 285 miles.) 

LANDZSVILLE, (Philadelphia 78 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 278 miles.) 

MOUNT JOT, (Philadelphia 82 miles— Pittsburgh 
274 miles.) All. trains stop at this station. Richland, a 
small village, properly a portion of Mount Joy. 

ELIZABETHTOWN, (Philadelphia 89 miles- 
Pittsburgh 267 miles.) All trains stop at this station. 
Before reaching this point, the road passes through a 
tunnel, 900 feet long, 15 feet wide, and 15 feet high. It 
cost $100,000. Prom the vicinity of Ehzabethtown, 
westward, the road traverses the Conewago Hills, and 
crosses the Conewago Creek, by a bridge 450 feet long* 
and 85 feet high. After crossing the Conewago. ihi 
road enters Dauphin County, which was separated from 
Lancaster County, in 1785. Dauphin County has a 
length of 33 miles, a breadth of 18 miles, and an area of 
533 square miles. The mountain regions abound in 
anthracite coal. Lindley Murray, the celebrated author 
of "the English Grammar," and William Darby, the 
eminent geographer, are among the noted men who 
claim birth-right in the county. 

MIDDLETOWJtf, (Philadelphia 97 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 259 miles.) 

HXGHSPIRE, (Philadelphia 101 miles— Pittsburgh 
255 miles.) Mail, on time, going west, stops; east. 
stops. Laid out about 40 years ago; population GOO. 
On the opposite side of the river commences the York 
Hills, and the South Mountain. 

HARRXSBTJRG-, (Philadelphia 107 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 249 miles.) Express, on time, going west, slops 
8 minutes; east, 10 m. Mail, going west, runs no> 
farther; but east, stops' 10 m. Past, on time, going- 
west, stops 5 m. ; east, 5 m. Mount Joy accommoda- 
tion leaves Harrisburg 7.30 A. M., arrives at Lancaster, 
9.10 A. M. Returning, leaves Lancaster, 11.33 A. M. 



218 hunt's gazetteer of the 

As the capital of the State of Pennsylvania, the in- 
terest of the tourist is naturally awakened, and we 
subjoin some few words, embracing as much of such 
information as may be desired. The town was laid out 
in 1785, by John Harris, jr., and was incorporated as a 
borough in 1808. The borough is situated in Dauphin 
County, on the left bank of the Susquehanna, a short 
distance above Paxton Creek. The town contains 
seventeen churches, two rolling mills, several foundries, 
one extensive car factory, the "Novelty" and the 
" Eagle" Works, a cotton mill, and various other similar 
establishments. Two daily, and four weekly papers, 
are published in the town. There are the usual state 
and county public buildings. The Speaker's chair in 
the House of Representatives, is the cue used by John 
Hancock, as President of the Continental Congress. 
The Senate Chamber contains fine full length portraits 
of Washington and of Wm. Penu ; also of Columbus 
and Vespucius. There is also a painting of an attempt 
by the Indians to burn John Harris, the father of the 
founder of the town, who settled here in 1726 ; in which 
year was born John Harris, jr., said to be the first white 
child born west of the Conewago Hills. The Governor's 
Chamber contains the original charter, given by 
Charles II., to Penn, and portraits of all the Governors 
of the Commonwealth. The town is supplied with 
water by a water-works which cost $120,000, having 
a reservoir with a capacity of 1,532, 1 92 gallons. The 
Pennsylvania State Lunatic Asylum is located here. It 
has accommodations for 250 patients. The buildings 
are seen on a fine bluff on the right as the traveler 
leaves the town goiDg west. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 



219 



OUMBEBLAND VALLEY EOAD. 



. First train leaves Harrisburg at 8.05, A. M. Ar- 
rives at Chambersburg. 11.00, A. M. 2d train leaves 
Harrisburg, 1:35, P. M. Arrives at Chambersburg 
4.30, P. M., Hagerstown, 6.10, P. M. Returning, 1st 
train leaves Hagerstown, 1,00, A. M. Chambersburg, 
8.11, A. M. Arrives at Harrisburg at 11.15, A. M. 
Returning, 2d train leaves Chambersburg, 12.55, P. M. 
Arrives at Harrisburg, 3.40, P. M. 



IQRTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY, 



Harrisburg- to Williamsport. — 1st train leaves 
Harrisburg at 1.15, Sunbury 4.10, Williamsport, 6.10, 
Lock Haven, 1.20, P. M. 2d train leaves Harrisburg, 
3.05, A. M. Sunbury, 6.10, A. M. Williamsport, 8.10 
A. M., Lock Haven, 9.20 A. M. 



MILES FROM MILES FROM 

HARRISBURG. BALTIMORE. 

Harrisburg S5 

2. Bridgeport 83 

16. Tank 68 

28. York 57 

36. Glasfelters 49 

39. Hanover Junction 46 

43. Glenrock 42 

51. Freeland's 34 

56. Parkton 29 

62. Monkton 23 

70. Cockeysville 15 

74. Timonium 11 

76. Eider's 9 

78. Kelay 7 

84. Bolton 1 

85. BALTIMORE 



MILES FROM MILES FROM 

FIARRISBURG. CHAMBERSBURG. 

Harrisburg 52 

1. Bridgeport 51 

5. Shiremansto-wn 47 

8. Mechanicsburg 44 

11. Kingston 41 

Middlesex 

18. Carlisle 31 

Good Hope. 

25. Alterton 27 

30. Newville 22 

34. Oakville IS 

41. ^hippcnsburg 31 

47. Scotland..... 5 

52. Chambersbueg 

74. (Hagerstown.) 



220 hunt's gazetteer of the 

ROCKV1LLE, (Philadelphia 112 miles — Pitts- 
burgh 243 miles. At this point the traveler enters upon 
a railroad bridge across the Susquehanna, 2,679 feet 
long. 

MARYSVILLE, (Philadelphia 115 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 240 miles.) 

COVE, (Philadelphia 117 miles— Pittsburgh, 239 
miles.) 

DUNCANNON, (Philadelphia 121 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 234 miles.) 

AQUEDUCT, (Philadelphia 125 miles— Pittsburgh 
231 miles.) 

BAILEY'S, (Philadelphia 130 miles— Pittsburgh 
226 miles.) 

NEWPORT, (Philadelphia 134 miles— Pittsburgh 
222 miles.) this town, the second in importance, in 
Perry County, is situated at the junction of Buffalo 
Creek with the Juniata Rive"r, and has a population of 
500. It is a place of some note as a shipping point. It 
was laid out 1814, by a person named Reider, after 
whom it was formerly called Reidersville. 

MILLERSTOWN, (Philadelphia 140 miles — 
Pittsburgh 216 miles.) 

THOMPSONTOWN, (Philadelphia 145 miles- 
Pittsburgh 211 miles.) 

MEXICO, (Philadelphia 151 miles— Pittsburg 205 
miles.) 

PBRRYSVILLE, (Philadelphia 154 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 202 miles.) this town stands at the junction of 
Tuscarora and Licking Creeks, with the Juniata. It is 
the principal depot for the shipments of the surrounding 
country. It has been supposed' that near the mouth of 
Licking Creek, there was a lead mine, from tbe feet 
that, in early days, but long after the settlement of this 
neighborhood by whites, friendly Indian?, who frequently 
came and encamped on Licking Creek, were wont, after 
exhausting their supply of bullets in shooting matches, 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 221 

to proceed down the creek towards its mouth, and re- 
turn in a short time with plenty of lead, nearly pure. 
The mine has never been discovered by the whites, and 
has been long looked upon as a myth. 

MIFFLIN, (Philadelphia 156 miles -Pittsburgh 
200 miles.) 

LEWISTOWN, (Philadelphia 168 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 188 miles.) Stages leave this point for Bellefonte. 
This town is the county seat of Mifflin County. The 
county was formed in 1798, and it abounds in iron ore 
of the best quality, from which is made the celebrated 
Juniata iron. There are several curious caves in the 
limestone districts. This county is another of the dis- 
tricts in this region in which it was long supposed that 
a lead mine was to be found. Prienclly Indians, who 
lived in the vicinity of what is now Lewistown, fre- 
quently exhibited lead, apparently pure, which they pro- 
fessed to find in the neighborhood. When they went to 
seek it, they usually went in the direction of Granville 
Gap; but they would never allow any whites to accom- 
pany them. As early as 1755, Arthur Buchanan built 
himself a cabin where Lewistown now stands. Fort 
Granville, captured in 1756, by the French and Indians, 
was also built in 1755, near a spring, one mile above 
the present town. About six miles from Lewistown, on 
the Bellefonte road, at a place now called Reedsville, was 
once the habitation of the famous Indian Chief, Logan. 
It was on the left bank of the Kishicoquilas Creek, and 
was called Logan's Spring. Lewistown was laid out in 
1790, and is on the Juniata, just above Kishicoquilas 
Creek, which furnishes water power for a number of 
manufacturing establishments located in the town. 

ANDERSON, (Philadelphia 174 miles— Pittsburgh 
182 miles.) 

McVSYTOWN, (Philadelphia 180 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 176 miles.) 

MANAYUNK, (Philadelphia 185 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 171 miles.) 



222 hunt's gazetteer of the 

NEWTON - HAMILTON, (Philadelphia 190 
miles — Pittsburgh 166 miles.) 

MOUNT-UNION, (Philadelphia 193 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 163 miles.) Stages run from this point to Shirleys- 
burg, in the Augwick Valley, and Milnwood Academy, 
in Shade Gap. This village is at the entrance of Jack's 
Mountain. After leaving Mount Union, the road runs 
through the midst of fine mountain scenery, which pre- 
sents many sublime features. The pass through which 
the road is built, is known as Jack's Narrows. They 
are so called after a famous frontiersman, known as 
" Captain Jack," whose habits invested him with a mys- 
terious character in the eyes of the early inhabitants of 
these regions, which he made his stamping ground, in 
1750-1755. He was known as the "Black Hunter." 
the "Black Rifle," the "Wild Hunter of the Juniata," 
the "Black Hunter of the Forest," as well as the less 
romantic name of " Capt. Jack." His real name was 
never known. He had entered the woods with a few 
enterprising companions, built a cabin, and cleared some 
land, One day, returning from hunting, he found his 
cabin burnt, his wife and children murdered, by the 
Indians. Forsaking civilized life, he lived in caves, and 
seizing every opportunity for revenge, he became the 
terror of the red man, and the protecting angel of the 
frontier whites. Many stories are told of his sudden 
and mysterious appearance, to the discomfiture and 
death of the Indians, and the rescue of whites from 
death and danger. 

MAPLETON, (Philadelphia 196 miles— Pittsburgh 
160 miles.) 

MILL CREEK, (Philadelphia 200 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 156 miles.) On the opposite side of the river from 
this station is seen Terrace Mountain. Five miles from 
this station, we reach Huntingdon; approaching which. 
The character of the scenery becomes yet more marked. 

HUNTINGDON, (Philadelphia 205 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 151 miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 223 



THE HUNTINGDON AND BROAD TOP 
RAILROAD, 

branches off at this station. Stages to Bedford. 

This town, which rejoices in the soubriquet of " The 
Ancient Borough," was laid out a short time previous to 
the revolutionary war by the Eev. Dr. W. Smith, Pro- 
vost of the University of Pennsylvania. He named the 
town after the Countess of Huntingdon, who had been 
extremely liberal in subscribing to the aid of the Uni- 
versity, through Dr. Smith, when he was in England 
soliciting funds for the support of that institution. The 
town is the county seat of Huntingdon County, which 
is rich in mineral deposits. In addition to coal and iron 
lead is found in Sinking Spring Yalley, and a mine in 
that vicinity was worked to a considerable extent 
toward the close of the revolutionary w r ar. 

PETERSBURG, (Philadelphia 211 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 145 miles.) 

BARRE FORGE, (Philadelphia 215 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 141 miles.) At this point the road enters a gorge 
of Tuessey's Mountain. Two miles above Barre the 
Little Juniata makes a great bend, and the road, instead 
of following its course, goes through a spur of the moun- 
tain, by means of a tunnel, 1,246 feet long, 20 feet w r ide, 
and 1G feet high. 

SPRUCE CREEK, (Philadelphia 2 It miles- 
Pittsburgh 139 miles.) Stages leave this point for 
Xorthumberland County. Spruce Creek Valley, from 
whence this station derives its name, contains some very 
extensive furnaces, whose business finds an outlet at 
this point. 

UNION FUNRACE, (Philadelphia 219 miles- 
Pittsburgh 13t miles.) 

' BIRMINGHAM, (Philadelphia 222 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 134 miles.) 



224 hunt's gazetteer of the 

TYRONE, (Philadelphia 225 miles— Pittsburgh 
131 miles.) Stages leave here for Bellefonte, Jersey 
Shore, and Williamsport. 

TIPTON, (Philadelphia 229 miles— Pittsburgh 127 
miles,) an outlet for the Clearfield lumber district From 
this point many varieties of lumber find their way to the 
Philadelphia and Baltimore markets. 

FOSTORIA, (Philadelphia 230 miles— Pittsburgh 
126 miles.) 

BELL'S MILLS, (Philadelphia 232 miles— Pitts- 
burg 124 miles.) 

BLAIR FURNACE, (Philadelphia 236 miles- 
Pittsburgh 120 miles.) In Brush Mountain, near this 
station, is a deposit of iron ore, said to be the heaviest 
in Western Pennsylvania, It has been efficiently 
worked for more than a generation, but seems to be in- 
exhaustible. 

ALTOONA, (Philadelphia 239 miles— Pittsburgh 
117 miles.) Express, on time, going west, stops 20 m. 
for breakfast ; east, stops 20 m. for tea. Mail, on time, 
going west, stop's 20 m. for dinner; cast, stops 15 m. 
for dinner. Fast line, on time, going west, stops 15 m. 

At 'this point the HOLIDAYSBURG- BRANCH 
takes off. Holiclaysbuvg, distant 8 miles ; time. 30 fain. 
Trains leave Altoona 8.10 A. M., 3.15 and 7.00 P. M. 
Ilolidaysburg trains connect with mail cast, and with 
mail and express west. During stoppage ail wheels and 
axles arc examined and engines changed. 

This town owes its formation entirely to the operations 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Some few years ago its 
site was marked by one long hut, whose solitary inhab- 
itant was tho beginning of the population of 5,000 who 
now inhabit this thriving borough. The office of the 
general superintendent of the road is located here ; also 
the main shops of the company, which comprises machine 
and car shops, iron and brass foundries, blacksmith ing, 
painting, trimming, pattern making, and tin and sheet 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 225 

iron shops. There are also establishments for setting up 
locomotives, and for making boilers and iron bridges ; 
in fact, a heavy proportion of the equipment work of the 
road is done here. The town contains 4 churches. The 
"Logan House," owned and erected by the Railroad 
Company, is a fine and commodiously constructed build- 
ing, of fine architectural proportions. The traveler who 
sees it for the first time, does not fail to feel surprised 
that so superb a house has been erected here. 

HOLIDAYSBURG BRANCH. 

BIXNCANSVILLE, (Altoona 6 miles,), is 1,200 
feet above tide water level, and contains a population 
of 500. It is situated -at the foot of the inclined planes 
of the old Portage Railroad. 

HOLIDAYSBURG, (Altoona 3 miles.) 

Returning to the Mainroute we begin to climb 
the Alleghany mountains, as we leave Altoona. at the 
rate of 95 feet to the mile, As the road winds up the 
side of the mountain a beautiful view of the magnifi- 
cient scenery is obtained. 

KXTTANNING POINT, (Philadelphia 244 
miles— Pittsburgh 112 miles,) flag station. Mail trains 
stop. This is a water station at the top of a heavy 
grade. At this point the grandest view on the. whole 
route is presented to the sight. A vast extent of land- 
scape is spread out before the eye, presenting all those 
charms of mountain scenery which enchant the lover of 
nature. On leaving Kittanning Point, the road soon 
enters the awesome darkness of the Great Tunnel. 
This is the grand engineering triumph of the road Its 
total length is 8,612 feet, its width 24 feet, its height 
above the rails 21£ feet. The depth below the summit 
of the mountain 203 feet. The tunnel was commenced 
October, 1851, and finished Jan. 1854, costing $540,000. 
During the course of its construction, three shafts were 
sunk to aid the tunneling. The eastern shaft was 150 



226 hunt's gazetteer of the 

feet deep, the middle 196 feet, and the western IS 5 
feet. The sharpest curvature on the road occurs at this 
point; the grade is 95 feet to the mile. This horse 
shoe bend is one of the greatest engineering triumphs of 
the age. 

GALLITZIN, (Philadelphia 251 miles— Pittsburgh 
105 miles,) all trains stop at this station. This station 
is at the western end of the great tunnel, and is in 
Cambria County. The ■ line between Blair and Cambria 
counties, runs along the top of the ridge pierced by the 
great tunnel. Near the north line of the county, about 
one mile from the falls of the Beaver Dam and Slate 
Lick Creek, there is said to be an ancient fortification, 
whose banks are four or five feet high, and overgrown 
with immense trees. The station was named after the 
Rev. Demetrius Augustine Galitzin, by birth a Russian 
Prince, by choice a Catholic Priest, who inspired with 
great love for the poor, and a desire to devote his means 
to charitable purposes, settled at Loretto, near this 
station, 1189. He died in 1840, aged 12 years, having 
passed the most of his life- on the bleak summits of the 
Alleghany, in the discharge of the duties oi' his sacred 
office. 

CRESSON, (Philadelphia 254 miles— Pittsburgh 
102 miles,) express, on time, going west, stops; east, 
'stops. Mail, on time, going west, stops; east, stops. 
This station is named after Elliott Cresson, of Philadel- 
phia. There is a fine .hotel here, and the locality has 
become a popular resort during the summer months, for 
invalids and pleasure seekers. 

LILLY, (Philadelphia 251 miles— Pittsburgh 99 
miles.) 

PORTAGE, (Philadelphia 2G1 miles— Pittsburgh 
95 miles.) this station is on the head waters of the Cone- 
maugh River, which the railroad follows to the Blairs- 
villc intersection. 

WILMORE, (Philadelphia 264 miles— Pittsburgh 
92 miles,) singes leave this point for Edcnsburgh. A 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 227 

depot for the town of Jefferson, which contains 1,000 
inhabitants. 

SUMMERHILL, (Philadelphia 266 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 90 miles.) 

VIADUCT, (Philadelphia 2*70 miles— Pittsburgh 
86 miles,) at this station a fine viaduct, nearly 15 feet 
above the water, spans with a single arch of 80 feet, the 
Oonemaugh. Passing through a deep cut of over a 
hundred feet, the road crosses an iron bridge, having an 
elevation of seventy-three feet. 

MINERAL POINT, (Philadelphia 272 miles- 
Pittsburgh 84 miles.) 

CONEMAUGH, Philadelphia 275 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 81 miles,) although the grade of the road has 
been descending from the Great Tunnel, yet at this point 
its level is still 1,226- feet' above tide water level. 

JOHNSTOWN, (Philadelphia 21*? miles— Pitts* 
burgh 79 miles,) Johnstown accommodation leaves for 
Pittsburgh 6.32, A. M. Arrives at Pittsburgh, 10.40. 
Ee turning, leaves Pittsburgh 2.55, P. M. Arrives at 
Johnstown, 1.20, P. M. Johnstown accommodation ' 
stops at all regular and flag stations when signaled. 
Stages leave Johnstown for Somerset. This town 
occupies the site of an old Indian village, known as 
Keekenapawlings-town. In the palmy days of the 
Pennsylvania canal, this town was an important point 
in canal navigation. The extensive establishment of 
the Cambria Iron Works, are in the neighborhood, and 
are to be seen after passing across the fine iron bridge, 
over which the road passes, soon after leaving the Johns- 
town depot. The company employ 1,500 operators. 

CONEMAUGH FURNACE, (Philadelphia 285 
miles — Pittsburgh 71 miles.) 

NINEVEH, Philadelphia 287 miles— Pittsburgh 

69 miles.) a considerable depot for the lumber and other 
products of the Black Lick Creek section of country, 
back of Nineveh. The town of Armagh is two miles 
from this station. 



228 hint's gazetteer or the 

FLORENCE, (Philadelphia 291 miles— Pittsburgh 
65 miles,) an outlet for Centreville, a small town 
located a short distance on the river. From Florence 
roads diverge to Ligonier, and other towns on the south, 
and to Indiana on the north. 

LOCXPORT, (Philadelphia 296 miles— Pittsburg:: 
60 miles,) the road from this point is double track. 

BOLIVAR, (Philadelphia 297 miles— Pittsburgh 
59 miles,) this station is located near a defile in Chest- 
nut Ridge, through which the road passes. The scenery 
in this gorge is characterized by a bold beauty that rarely 
fails to delight. 

BLAIRSVILLE BRANCH INTERSEC- 
TION, (Philadelphia 302 miles— Pittsburgh 54 miles.) 

•BLAIRSVILLE AND INDIANA BRANCH. 

Distance to Blairsville, 3 miles ; Indiana, ] 9 miles. 
Leaves Intersection for Blairsville 7.40 and 1 '.30, and 
.12, A. M., and 6.00, P. M. Returning, leaves for In- 
tersection, 7.25 and 10.15 and 11.35, A. M., and 5.30 
P. M. 

Trains leave Intersection ior •Indian; 1 .. 12.00, A. M. 
and 6.00, P. M. Returning, leayefi&diana for 'ntersec- 
tion, 1.40, P. M. and 7.40, P. 31 

Blairsville is situated in Indiana'.. 'County, three miles 
from the Intersection on the Conemaugh, immediately 
above Black Lick Creel miles by the Northern 

Turnpike, <on which it%.lies. from Pittsburgh. It 
laid out about 1812, and has now a population of about 
2.000. 

Indiana, is the capital of Indiana County; it is 19 
miles from the Intersection, and is the terminus of the 
branch road. Its population is about 1,500. It was 
laid oul There are said to be traces of one of 

ancient fortifications, which are scattered through- 
out the west, to be seen about three miles south-west of 
the town 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 229 

HILLSIDE, (Philadelphia 306 miles— Pittsburgh 
50 miles.) 

MILLWOOD, (Philadelphia 308 miles— Pittsburgh 
48 miles.) 

DBERY, (Philadelphia 310 miles— Pittsburgh 46 
miles.) 

SAINT CLAIR, (Philadelphia 312 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 44 miles.) 

LATROBE, (Philadelphia 315 miles— Pittsburgh 
41 miles,) stages from this point to Youngstown. This 
town was laid out a few year's since, by Oliver W7 
Barnes, Esq. It is located on a fork of the Loyalhanna 
Eiver, which the road Glosses at this point. There are 
several manufacturing establishments here. There is a 
tine depot hotel here, and good fishing and shooting in 
the vicinity. 

BEATTY'S, (Philadelphia 317 miles— Pittsburgh 
39 miles,) the Roman Catholic Abbey of St. Vincent, is 
in the vicinity of this station. After leaving this station, 
the road passes through two tunnels, from the last of 
which, the road emerges in full view of Greensburg, 
"Westmoreland County. 

GREENSBURG, (Philadelphia 225 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 31 miles,) all trains stop. Stages leave this point 
lor Mt. Pleasant, Somerset, Uniontown, Pa., and Cum- 
berland, Mel. This town was laid out soon after the 
Indians had burned Hanna's Town, in 1782; and was 
incorporated as a borough in 1799. The population at 
the present time, is about 2,500, and the railroad has, 
of late years, given a fresh impetus to the place. In the 
Presbyterian church yard, of this borough, repose the 
remains of Gen. Arthur St. Clair, of revolutionary fame. 
At Ludwick, in the environs of the town, is the station 
for receiving and forwarding tho freight of the town, 
and the surrounding country. 



230 hunt's gazetteer op the 

RADEBATJGH,. (Philadelphia 327 miles— Pitts- 
burg 29 miles.) 

GRAPEVILLE, (Philadelphia 329 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 27 miles.) 

MANOR, (Philadelphia 330 miles— Pittsburgh 2G 
miles.) 

IRWIN'S, (Philadelphia 334 miles— Pittsburgh 22 
miles.) Prom 400 to 500 tons of coal are shipped daily, 
from this station, by the Westmoreland Coal Company, 
to Philadelphia and New York, for gas. 

LARIMER'S, (Philadelphia 336 miles— Pittsburgh 
20 miles.) This station is also the outlet of extensive 
coal operations. 

STEWART'S, (Philadelphia 339 miles—Pittsburgh 
17 miles.) 

WALL'S, (Philadelphia 342 miles— Pittsburgh 14 
miles.) This station is on Turtle Creek, the first station 
of the road going west, in Alleghany Co. 

TURTLE CREEK, (Philadelphia 343 miles- 
Pittsburgh 13 miles,) station named alter the creek, 
which at this point runs along the road. 

BRINTOH'S, (Philadelphia 341 miles— Pittsburgh 
12 miles.) 

BRADDOCK'S, (Philadelphia 346 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 10 miles.) This station is immediately at the 
scene of Braddock's defeat. The facts of that disaster 
to the British arms, are too well known through history, 
to need mention hero. Tho locality of the battle is now 
laid out in a village, known by tho same name as ti.i 
station, and but few of the original features of the land- 
scape remain. The battle took place hot ween the rail- 
road and tho river. 

SWISSVALE, (Philadelphia 348 miles— Pitts- 
burgh S miles.) In the neighborhood of this station are 
located tho residences of many of the business men of 
Pittsburgh. Tho station is named for Jane G-. Swiss- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 231 

helm, celebrated from her "Women's Rights teachings, 
who resided in this vicinity many years. 

WILKIHSBIJRG, (Philadelphia 349 miles— Pitts- 
burgh f miles.) The vicinity of this station is also 
thickly dotted with the suburban houses of the merchants 
and manufacturers of Pittsburgh. The town derives 
its name from Hon. "William Wilkins, a venerable states- 
man, and a distinguished son of Alleghany Co., whose 
beautiful country seat is in the vicinity. 

HOME WOOD, (Philadelphia 350 r. dies— Pitts- 
burgh 6 miles.) The station receives its name from the 
country seat of Hon. Wm. W ilkins. 

BAST LIBERTY, (Philadelphia 351 miles- 
Pittsburgh 5 miles.) This thriving village was laid 
out about forty years ago, by Jacob Negley, Esq. Of 
late years, the village has largely increased, in conse- 
quence of numbers of Pittsburgh business men making 
it their place of residence. 

MILL VALE, (Philadelphia 354 miles— Pittsburgh 
2 miles.) 

OUTER- DEPOT, (Pittsburgh,) of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad. Just before reaching this, the beauti- 
fully located grounds and buildings of the Western 
Pennsylvania Hospital, may be seen on the left, going 
west. The grounds of the Outer Depot consist of about 
twenty acres, upon which is located a great variety of 
buildings, necessary to the transaction of the business 
of the company. Among these buildings is a local freight 
house, 300 feet long, and a circular engine-house, 900 
feet in circumference, one of the largest buildings of its 
kind in the United States. 

From Pittsburgh to Cincinnati 339 miles — Philadelphia 
356 miles. Passengers change cars hero for Cincinnati. 
Passengers will buy their tickets, Pittsburgh via Stouben- 
ville, Columbus, Cincinnati, O. & M. R. R., Oden to 
Cairo. 

If going to St. Louis, will buy their tickots, Pitts- 



232 HUNTS GAZETTEER OF THE 

burgh via Steubenville, Columbus, Cincinnati,' 0. & M. 
R. R., to St. Louis. 

Passengers going to Louisville, buy tickets, Pittsburgh 
via Steubenville, Columbus, Cincinnati, Seymour, Jeffer- 
sonville. Omnibuses from here to Louisville. 

Passengers going to Chicago will buy their tickets 
Pittsburgh via Steubenville, Columbus, Hamilton, Ko- 
komo, Chicago, 

PITTSBURG, (Philadelphia 353 miles,) is the 
second city of Pennsylvania, and is situated at the head 
of the Ohio River, which is formed by the Monongahela 
and Alleghany Rivers. This is the terminus of the 
Pennsylvania Central Railroad (the best railroad in the 
United States.) Pittsburgh is noted for its manufactories 
of iron and glass, and agricultural implements, which 
are shipped south and west. Prom here- coal is shipped 
so.uth in quantities to supply the whole South. Large 
quantities of rock oil are shipped from here to Philadelphia 
and New York, which comes from Oil City. Birming- 
ham, and Alleghany City are connected with Pittsburgh 
by bridges, both flourishing towns. Pittsburgh is 
known by various titles, such as "Smoky City," -'Iron 
City," &c. Several railroads centre here. Population 
80.000. 



PITTSBUEG AND COLUMBUS E, & 



PITTSBURGH, (Steubenville 69 miles.) 
STEUBENVILLE, a flourishing town and river 
port, capital of Jefferson County, 22 miles above 
Wheeling. The town stands on an elevated plain 
and is surrounded by a beautiful country, Steubenville is 
the centre of an extensive trade, and is the seat of flourish- 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 233 

ing manufactories of various kinds. The latter are sup- 
plied with fuel from the inexhaustible mines of coal in 
the vicinity. The town contains besides the county 
buildings, about 12 churches, 2 banks, and a female 
seminary, which is in a highly flourishing condition, and 
has a widely extended reputation. This establishment 
which costs 40,000 dollars, is pleasantly situated on the 
bank of the river and has usually about 150 pupils. 
Four newspapers are published here. There are 5 
manufactories of wool, two of cotton, 1 of paper, 2 of 
glass, several machine shops, 3 iron foundries, a num- 
ber of flouring mills, and large manufactories of cop- 
peras. It was first settled in 1198. Population at out 
7,000. 

MINGO, (Steubenville 3 miles — Columbus 147 
miles,) passengers change cars here for Wheeling. 

GOULD'S, (Steubenville 6 miles— Columbus 144 
miles.) 

ALEXANDRIE ROAD, (Steubenville 8 miles- 
Columbus 142 miles.) 

SMITHFIELD STATION, (Steubenville 12 
miles — Columbus 138 miles.) 

REED'S MILL, (Steubenville 14 miles— Columbus 
135 miles,) a post office, Vinton Co. 

SKELLEY'S, (Steubenville 17 miles— Columbus 
133 miles.) 

BLOOMFIEFD, Steubenville 18 miles — Columbus 
131 miles.) 

TJNIONPORT, (Steubenville 20 miles— Columbus 
129 miles.) 

MILLER'S, (Steubenville 23 miles— Columbus 126 
miles.) 

CADIZ JUNCTION, (Steubenville 25 miles- 
Columbus 125 miles,) passengers change cars here for 
Cadiz, which is 7 miles distance, also take meals here. 



234 hunt's gazetteer of the 

FAIRVIEW, (Steubenville 29 miles—Columbus 
121 miles.) 

NEW MARKET, (Steubenville 24 miles— Colum- 
bus 115 miles.) 

MASTERSVILLE, (Steubenvillo 3S miles — 

Columbus 112 miles.) 

BOWEHSVILLB, (Steubenville 40 miles-Colum- 
bus 109 miles.) 

PHILADELPHIA ROAD, (Steubenville 45 
miles — Columbus 105 miles.) 

UHRICSVILLE, (Steubenville 50 miles— Colum- 
bus 100 miles,) a thriving post village of Mill township, 
Tuscarawas Co., on Stillwater Creek. It is at the head 
of slack water navigation. Population 1,000. 

TRENTON, (Steubenville 53 miles— Columbus 97 
miles,) a village of Tuscarawas Co., on the Ohio Canal. 

LOCK 17, (Steubenvillo 57 miles — Columbus 93 
miles.) 

PT. WASHINGTON, (Steubenvillo Gl miles- 
Columbus 88 miles. 

NEW COMERSTOWN, (Steubenvillo G7 miles 
— Columbus 83 miles,) a thriving post village of Oxford 
Township, Tuscarawas Co., on the Tuscarawas River. 
Population 476. 

OXFORD, (Steubenville 71 miles — Columbus 79 
miles.) 

LAFAYETTE, (Steubenvillo 75 miles— Colum- 
bus 75 miles,) a post village. 

COSHOCTON, (Stcubensvillc SI miles— Colum- 
bus G9 miles,) a post village, capital of Coshocton Co., 
on tho left bank of tho Muskingum River, just below 
tho junction of tho Tuscarawas and Waldhonding. Tt is 
pleasantly situated on four natural terrace?, tho highest 
of which is about 40 feet abovo the water. A bridge 
across tho river connects this villago with Roscoe, 
which is also a thriving village. Population about 2,000. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 335 

COALFORT, (Stetibenville 86 miles—Columbus 
64 miles,) post village. 

COENSVILLE, (Steubenville 88 miles— Columbus 
62 miles.) 

ADAMS' MILLS, (Steubenville 91 miles— Colum- 
bus 59 miles.) 

DRESDEN, (Steubenville 95 miles — Columbus 55 
miles,) a post village of Jefferson Township, Muskin- 
gum Co., Ohio, is situated on the Muskingum River, 15 
miles from Zanesville. It is at the head of steamboat 
navigation on this river. It is connected with the Ohio 
Canal by a side-cut two miles long. These advantages 
render it a place of active business. The village is well 
supplied with water power, and the neighboring hills 
abound in coal and iron ore. Population about 3,000. 

FRAZERSBURG, (Steubenville 101 miles— Co- 
lumbus 49 miles,) .a post village ofMuskinguni Co., Ohio. 

NASHPORT ROAD, (Steubenvillo 104 miles- 
Columbus 46 miles.) 

HANOVER, (Steubenville 109 miles— Columbus 
41 miles,) post office. 

MONTGOMERY, (Steubenville 112 miles— Co- 
lumbus 38 miles,) post office. 

HE W ARK, (Steubenville 11? miles— Columbus 33 
miles,) a handsome and flourishing town in Newark 
Township, capital of Licking Co., is situated on the 
confluence of the 3 forks of Licking River, and on the 
Ohio Canal, 24 miles west bj north of Zanesville. The 
site of Newark is level, the streets are wide, and the 
houses well built. It is surrounded by a fertile and 
populous country, and has an active trade. Laid out in 
1801. Population about ?, 000. 

COLUMBUS, (Pittsburgh 219 miles— Cincinnati 
120 miles.) 

Passengers going to Cairo will buy their tickets Co- 
lumbus, Cincinnati, Odin, and Cairo. 



236 HUNT S GAZETTEER OF THE 

Passengers going to Chicago buy their tickets, Colum- 
bus, Hamilton, Kokomo, and Chicago. 

Passengers going to St. Louis will buy their tickets, 
Columbus, Cincinnati, and St. Louis. 

Columbus, a city, capital of the State of Ohio, and 
seat of justice of Franklin Co., is pleasantly situated on 
the east bank of the Sciota Elver, 90 miles from its 
mouth, 160 miles northeast of Cincinnati, and 350 miles 
from Washington. It is on the same parallel of latitude 
with Philadelphia, from which it is distant 450 miles. 
It was laid out in 1812, in the midst of an unbroken 
wilderness, and incorporated in 1816. The site of 
Columbus is level. The streets are wide and laid out 
with great neatness and uniformity. The remarkable 
edifices are the State Capitol, Ohio Lunatic Asylum, the 
Institution for the Blind, the Asylum for the Deaf and 
Dumb, and Ohio Penitentiary. Columbus is surrounded 
by a rich* and populous country, and is a place of active 
business. 



COLUMBUS AND XENIA EAILEOAD, 



ALTON, (Columbus 6 miles — Cincinnati 114 miles,) 
post village. 

WEST* JEFFERSON, (Columbus 14 miles- 
Cincinnati 106 miles.) 

GLADE RUN, (Columbus 19 miles— Cincinnati 
101 miles.) 

LONDON, (Columbus 25 miles — Cincinnati " 95 
miles,) a flourishing village of Madison Co., Ohio. A 
destructive fire iu January, 1854, destroyed 10 stores, 
and as many dwellings. Population about 2,000. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATE?, 237 

FLORENCE, (Columbus 30 miles— Cincinnati 92 

miles,) post village. 

SOUTH CHARLESTON, (Columbus 3G miles 
—Cincinnati 84 miles,) post village. 

SELMA, (Columbus 41 miles — Cincinnati 79 miles,) 
post office. 

CEDARVILLE, (Columbus 4*7 miles— Cincinnati 
13 miles,) post village. 

XENIA, (Columbus 19 miles — Cincinnati 65 miles.) 

JUNCTION OP LITTLE MIAMI ROAD. 

FROSTS, (Xenia 4 miles— Dayton 12 miles.) post 
village. 

HARBINI'S, (Xenia 6 miles— Dayton 10 miles.) 



CINCINNATI, HAMILTON; AND 
DAYTON EAILROAD. 



DAYTON, (Cincinnati 60 miles.) a nourishing city, 
capital of Montgomery Co., Ohio, is situated on the left 
bank of the Great Miami, at the. mouth of the Mad 
River, and on the line of the Miami Canal, This is the 
fourth city of Ohio, in respect to population and wealth, 
and surpasses all the other western towns of equal size 
in the variety and extent of its manufactures. It is the 
terminus of 6 railway lines, viz. : Mad River and Lake 
Erie, Dayton and Cincinnati, Dayton and Western, 
Greenville and Miami, Dayton and Xenia, and Dayton 
and Michigan. Population estimated at 20,081, 



238 hunt's gazetteer of the 

CAROLLTON, (Dayton 8 miles— Cincinnati 52 
miles.) 

MIAMXSBTJRG, (Dayton 11 miles— Cincinnati 
49 miles.) 

CARLISLE,* (Dayton 16 miles— Cincinnati 44 
miles.) 

POAST TOWN, (Dayton 20 miles— Cincinnati 40 
miles.) 

MIDDLBTOWN, (Dayton 23 miles— Cincinnati 
37 miles.) 

TRENTON, (Dayton 21 miles-^ Cincinnati 33 
miles.) 

BUSBNBARK'S, (Dayton 29 miles— Cincinnati 
31 miles.) 

OVERPECK'S, (Dayton 31 miles— Cincinnati 20 
miles.) 

HAMILTON, (Dayton 35 miles— Cincinnati 25 
miles,) a flourishing town, capital of Butler Co., Ohio, 
on the Miami Canal, and on the left bank of the Miami 
[liver. It is surrounded by a rich and populous district, 
and has many elements of prosperity, especially as a 
manufacturing town. A few years since a hydraulic 
canal was completed, which, with a fall of 2S feet, 
furnishes a water power equal to 1GG pair of stones. 
Population estimated at G,000. 

SCHRNECK'S, (Dayton 31 miles— Cincinnati 23 
miles.) 

JONES',- (Dayton 41 miles— Cincinnati 10 miles.) 

GLENDALE, (Dayton 45 miles — Cincinnati 15 
miles.) 

LOCKLAND, (Dayton 118 miles— Cincinnati 12 
miles.) 

CARTHAGE, (Dayton 50 miles— Cincinnati 10 
miles.) 

SPRINGGROVE, (Dayton 53 miles— Cincinnati 
1 miles.) 



BOEDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 239 

LUDLOW, (Dayton 55 miles — Cincinnati 5 miles.) 
BRIGHT, (Dayton 58 miles — Cincinnati 2 miles.) 
CINCINNATI, (Dayton 60 miles.) 



OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI BAILWAY, 



CINCINNATI, (St. Louis 340 miles,) the metro- 
polis of Ohio, and- capital of Hamilton County, on the 
right hank of the Ohio River, opposite the mouth of 
Licking, and immediately above the mouth of Mill 
Creek. Cincinnati is the most populous city of the 
"Western States, and the fifth in size and importance 
among all the cities of the Union. Population about 
175,000. 

LAWRENCEBTJRG, (Cincinnati 21 miles— St, 
Louis 319 miles,) is a thriving town, capital of Dearborn 
Co., Indiana, on the Ohio River. It is the southern 
terminus of a railroad connecting it with Indianapolis. 
The White-water-canal also terminates at this place, 
furnishing extensive water power, and drawing a large 
amount of business. The newer part of the town is 
built on the second bottom, and is improving rapidly. 
Population 6 ; 000. 

NORTH VERNON, (Cincinnati 73 miles— St. 
Louis 267 miles,) this is the crossing of the Indianapolis 
and Madison Railroad. 

SEYMOUR, (Cincinnati 87 miles— St. Louis 253 
miles,) this is the crossing of the Jefferson ville and 
Indianapolis Railroad. Passengers will change cars for 
Jeffersonville and Louisville, also for Indianapolis. Pas- 
sengers take meals here. 



240 hunt's gazetteer. 

MITCHELL, (Cincinnati 127 miles— St. Louis 
213 miles.) 

VXNCENNES, (Cincinnati 192 miles— St. Louis 
148 miles,) connects with the Evansville and Craw- 
fordsville Railroad. Passengers change cars at this 
place for Evansville. 

SALEM, Cincinnati 269 miles — St. Louis 71 miles,) 
a thriving post village, capital of Washington Co., Ind. 

ODIN, (Cincinnati 275 miles— St. Louis 65 miles,) 
this is the crossing of the Chicago branch of the Illinois 
Central Railroad. Passengers change cars at this place 
for Cairo. 

SANDOVAL, (Cincinnati 279 miles— St. Louis 
61 miles.) this is the crossing of- the Illinois Central 
Railroad. 

ST. LOUIS, (Cincinnati 310 miles,) terminus of 
the Ohio and Mississippi Railway. 



CAIRO AND ODIN RAILEOAD, 



CAIRO, (Odin 121 miles., 

Persons going to Washington City, will buy their 
tickets : Cairo, Odin. Cincinnati, Columbus, Steubenville, 
Pittsburgh, Harrisburgh, Baltimore, and Washington 
City. If going to Elmira, 1ST. Y., the same ticket to 
Harrisburgh via tho 1ST. C. R. R., as this is the shortest 
and quickest route. 

Cairo is a post village of Alexander County, Illinois, 
situated at the southern extremity of the State on a 
point of land formed by the confluence of the Ohio and 
Mississippi Rivers, 175 miles below Si. Louis. The 
situation is low and subject to frequent inundations 



GOING EAST 



PASSENGERS going east from CAIRO, buy their 
tickets via ODIN, CINCINNATI, COLUMBUS, 
STEUBENVILLE, PITTSBURGH, ALLENTOWN, 
or via PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, as this is 
the quickest and most direct route to the At- 
lantic cities. 



PASSENGERS going to CHICAGO via INDIANA- 
POLIS, will buy their tickets CAIRO, ODIN, 
SEYMOUR, INDIANAPOLIS, KOKOMO, CHI- 
CAGO, as this is a direct route. 



PASSENGERS going to LOUISVILLE, will buy 
their tickets CAIRO via ODIN, VINCENNES, 
EVANSVILLE, direct route. 



PASSENGERS going to NEW ALBANY, LOUIS- 
VILLE, and JEFFERSONVILLE, will buy their 
tickets CAIRO, ODIN, MITCHELL, NEW AL- 
BANY. 



PASSENGERS going to TOLEDO, will buy their 
tickets CAIRO, ODIN, CINCINNATI, DAYTON, 
TOLEDO. 

241 



242 hunt's gazetteer of the 

which have retarded the growth of the village. A 
levee has been raised here which cost nearly $1,000,000. 

MOUTOS, (Odin 113 miles— Cairo 8 miles,) flag 
station. 

VILLA RIDGE, (Odin 100 miles— Cairo 12 
miles,) post village. 

PULASKI, (Odin 105 miles— Cairo 16 miles,) post 
village. 

ULLIN, (Odin 101 miles— Cairo 20 miles,) post 
village. 

WETANG, (Odin 97 miles—Cairo 24 miles,) flag 
station. 

JONEBBORO, (Odin 85 miles— Cairo 36 miles,) 
post village, capital of Union Co., 150 miles south of 
Springfield, and 10 miles from the Mississippi. It con- 
tains several churches and stores. 

COBDEM, (Odin 79 miles— Cairo 42 miles,) post 
office. 

MAKANDA, (Odin 73 miles— Cairo 4S miles,) 
post office. 

CARBONDALE, (Odin 64 miles— Cairo 57 miles,) 
flag station. 

DESOTO, (Odin 58 milos-j-Cairo 63 miles,) post 
office. n 

DU QUOIN, (Odin 45 miles — Cairo 76 miles,) 
post office. 

TAMAROA, (Odin 36 miles — Cairo S5 miles,) 
post village. 

COLOMA, (Odin 30 miles — Cairo 91 miles.) 

ASHLEY, (Odin 22 miles— Cairo 99 miles,) a small 
post village. 

RICbTvIEW, (Odin 19 miles— Cairo 102 miles,) 
a post village, 8 miles northeast of Nashville. 

CENTRALIA, (Odin 9 miles— Cairo 112 miles,) 
post village. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 243 

ODIN, (Cairo 121 miles.) 

You here change cars for St. Louis, Cincinnati, and 
all points east. This is a flourishing little town, being 
the Cairo Junction. 



JEFFEESQNVILLE RAILWAY. 



Persons going to "Washington City will buy their 
tickets, Jeffersoriville, Seymour, Steubenville, Pittsburgh, 
Harrisburg, Baltimore and "Washington City. If going 
to Elmira, KT. Y., same ticket to Harrisburg via N. C. 
R. E. to Elmira, as this is the direct route. 

JEFFERSONVILLE, (Indianapolis 10S miles,) a 
flourishing town of Clark Co., Indiana, is situated on the 
Ohio nearly opposite Louisville, Ky., immediately above 
the Falls, and 40 miles below Madison. Population 4,000. 
Passengers going to Chicago, will buy their tickets, Jef- 
fersonville, Indianapolis, Kokomo, Chicago. Passengers 
going east buy tickets, Jeffersonville, Seymour, Cincin- 
nati, Columbus, Steubenville, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, 
Philadelphia and New York. 

SILVER CREEK, (Jeffersonville G miles — 
Indianapolis 102 miles.) 

SELLERSBURG, (Jeffersonville 9 miles — 
Indianapolis 90 miles,) a small village and station in 
Clarke Co., Indiana. 

MEMPHIS, (Jeffersonvillo 15 miles— Indianapolis 
93 miles.) 

HENRY VILLE, (Jeffersonvillo 19 miles— Indian- 
apolis 89 miles.) . 

VIENNA, (Jeffersonville 26 miles— Indianapolis 82 
miles.) post village of Scott Co., Indiana. 8 rmlo<? west 
from Lexington. 



244 hunt's gazetteer of the 

AUSTIN, (Jeffersonville 33 miles — Indianapolis 75 
miles.) 

BAKER'S, (Jeffersonville 35 miles — Indianapolis 
73 miles.) 

GROTHERSVILLE, (Jeffersonville 37 miles— 
Indianapolis 71 miles.) 

RETREAT, (Jeffersonville 39 miles — Indianapolis 
69 miles.) 

LANGTON'S, (Jeffersonville 41 miles— Indian- 
apolis 67 miles.) 

FARMING-TON, (Jeffersonville 46 miles — Indian- 
apolis 62 miles,) a post office of Rush Co., Indiana. 

SEYMOUR, (Jeffersonville 49 miles— Indianapolis 
59 miles,) crossing of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. 
Passengers change cars here for Cincinnati and all 
points east ; also for St. Louis and all points west. 

ROCKPORD, (Jeffersonville Similes— Indianapolis 
57 miles,) a flourishing post village of Jackson Co., 
Indiana, on the Driftwood or east fork of White 
River. The river affords valuable water power at this 
place. 

JONES VILLE, (Jeffersonville 56 miles— Indian- 
apolis 52 miles,) post office. 

WAYNES VILLE, (Jeffersonville 61 miles — 
Indianapolis 47 miles.) 

WALESBORQ', (Jeffersonville 62 miles— Indian- 
apolis 46 miles.) 

COLUMBUS, (Jeffersonville 66 miles— Indian- 
apolis 42 miles,) a fine post village, capital of Bartho- 
lomew Co., Ind., on the east fork of "White River, Just 
below the mouth of Flatrock Creek. Its site is elevated 
and commands a fine view of the valleys through which 
the above named streams flow. - It has a fine court- 
house and 5 or 6 churches. Population about 2,500. 
This is the junction of the Madison and Indianapolis 
Railroad. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. '245 

LOWELL, (Jefferson ville TO miles — Indianapolis 
38 miles.) 

_ TAYLORSVILLE, (Jeffersonville 13 miles — 
Jndianapolis 35 miles.) a small village of Bartholo- 
mew Co., Indiana. 

EDINBURGH, (Jeffersonville 18 miles — Indianapolis 
30 miles,) a thriving post village of Johnson Co., Ind., 
on the Blue River, and the terminus of the Sheibyvilie 
Lateral Railroad. The river furnishes abundant water 
power. 

AMITY, (Jeffersonville 83 miles— Indianapolis 25 
miles,) a small post village of Johnson Co., Indiana. 
It is the county seat. 

FRANKLIN, (Jeffersonville 88 miles— Indian- 
apolis 20 miles.) a flourishing post village, capital of 
Johnson Co., Indiana, is situated in Franklin Township, 
on Young's Creek, 66 miles northwest from Madison. 
The railroad was opened from Madison to this point in 
1846, since which time the population of Franklin has 
quadrupled, and its business has increased in a much 
higher ratio. Franklin is the east terminus of a railroad 
leading to Martinsville and of a plank-road about 20 
miles in length, which leads to a branch of "White 
River at Morrisville. Franklin College at this place is 
a flourishing institution, under the direction of the 
Baptists. 

WHEATLAND, (Jeffersonville 93 miles— Indian- 
apolis 15 miles.) 

WORTHSVILLE, (Jeffersonville 96 miles — 
Indianapolis 12 miles.) 

GREENWOOD, (Jeffersonville 98 miles— Indian- 
apolis 10 miles.) 

SOUTHPORT, (Jeffersonville 102 miles— Indian- 
apolis 6 miles.) 

INDIANAPOLIS, (Jeffersonville 108 miles.) 



246 hunt's gazetteer of the 

INDIANAPOLIS AND CINCINNATI 
EAILEOAD. 



CINCINNATI, (Indianapolis 110 miles.) 
DELHI, (Indianapolis 100 miles— Cincinnati 10 
miles,) a station on the Ohio River. 

NORTH BEND, (Indianapolis 96 miles— Cincin- 
nati 14 miles.) The farm of Gen, Wm. H. Harrison is 
located on the right hand side of the road, from which 
place his tomb is visible. 

IiAWRENCEBTJRGH, (Indianapolis 89 miles- 
Cincinnati 21 miles,) a thriving town, capital of Dear- 
born County, Indiana, on the Ohio River, below Cincin- 
nati, and southeast of Indianapolis. It is the southern 
terminus of a railroad, recently constructed, which con- 
nects it with Indianapolis. The newer part of the town 
is built on the second bottom, and is rapidly improving. 

Lawrenceburgh contains a court-house, G churches. 
3 newspaper offices, 1 bank, and mills of different 
kinds. Population about 6,000. 

GUILFORD, (Indianapolis S2 miles — Cincinnati 
28 miles,) a post village of Dearborn County, Indiana. 

HARMAN'S, (Indianapolis 76 miles — Cincinnati 
34 miles.) 

VAN WEDDEN'S, (Indianapolis 12 miles—Cin- 
cinnati 38 miles.) At this place, the rebel guerrilla, 
John Morgan, destroyed a portion of the railroad, which. 
however, is again in running order. 

SUNMAN, (Indianapolis 69 miles— Cincinnati 41 
miles.) 

SPADES, (Indianapolis 67 miles— Cincinnati 43 
miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 247 

MORRIS, (Indianapolis 64 miles— -Cincinnati 46 
miles, ) a small village. The train stops here for meals 
or refreshments. 

BATBSVILLE,' (Indianapolis 61 miles— Cincin- 
nati 49 miles,) a post office of Ripley County, Indiana. 

NEW POINT, (Indianapolis 55 miles— Cincinnati 
55 miles,) a station, in Ohio State. 

SMITH'S CROSSING, (Indianapolis 53 miles- 
Cincinnati 51 miles.) 

■ McCOlT, (Indianapolis 50 miles — Cincinnati 60 
miles.) 

GREENSBURG, (Indianapolis 46 miles— Cincin- 
nati 64 miles,) a beautiful post village, capital of Decatur 
County, Indiana, is situated on Sand Creek, and on the 
Michigan Road, southeast of Indianapolis. The place 
was first settled in 1821, and is steadily advancing in 
size and importance. Greensburg contains good public 
buildings, a flourishing academy, and a newspaper office. 
Population about 2,000. 

ADAMS, (Indianapolis 41 miles — Cincinnati 69 
miles.) 

ST. PAXIL, (Indianapolis 36 miles — Cincinnati 
T4 miles.) 

WALDRON, (Indianapolis 83 miles— Cincinnati 
11 miles.) 

PRESCOTT, (Indianapolis 30 miles— Cincinnati 
80 miles.) 

SHELBYVILLE, (Indianapolis 26 miles— Cincin- 
nati 84 miles,) a flourishing post village, capital of 
Shelby County, Indiana, is pleasantly situated on the 
left bank of the Blue River, southeast of Indianapolis. 
Three railroads meet at this point, viz. : the Shelby villo 
and Knightstown, the Rushvillo and Shclbyvillo, and 
the Shelbyville Lateral One newspaper is published 
here. Population about 2,000. 

FAIRLAND, (Indianapolis 20 miles — Cincinnati 
90 miles,) a post office of Shelby County, Indiana- 



248 hunt's .gazetteer of the 

LONDON, (Indianapolis 16 miles — Cincinnati 91 
miles.) 

BROOKFIELD, (Indianapolis 14' miles— Cincin- 
nati 96 miles.) 

ACTON, (Indianapolis 12 miles — Cincinnati 98 
miles.) 

GALLAUDETT, (Indianapolis 9 miles— Cincin- 
nati 101 miles,) a post office of Marion Co., Indiana. 

POPLAR GROVE, (Indianapolis 5 miles— Cin- 
cinnati 105 miles.) 

INDIANAPOLIS, (Cincinnati 110 miles,) tha 
capital of Indiana, and seat of justice of Marion County, 
on the west fork of White River, at the crossing of the 
National Road, and immediately below the mouth of 
Fall Creek. When this place was selected for the 
capital, the whole country, Tor. 40 miles in every direc- 
tion, was covered with a dense forest. 

The State-House, erected at a cost of $60,000, is an 
elegant building, surmounted by a dome, and having 10 
Doric columns on each front. Its dimensions are 180 
feet long by 80 feet wide. There are several other public 
buildings, among which is the Bates' House, the largest 
hotel in the State. Several railroads terminate here. 

Jj^° Passengers will buy tickets via Kokomo, to Chi- 
cago or other points. 



CINCINNATI AND CHICAGO, ILL, 
LINE, RAILE0AD. 



CINCINNATI, (Chicago 280 miles.) 
Passengers going to Chicago, will buy their tickets : 
Cincinnati, Hamilton, Kokomo, Chicago. 
HAMILTON, (Cincinnati 25 mi.— Chicago 255 mi.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES, 249 

COLLINS VILLE, (Cincinnati 32 miles— Chicago 
244 miles.) m 

SOMERVILLE, (Cincinnati 39 miles— Chicago 
241 miles.) 

CAMDEN, (Cincinnati 45 miles — Chicago. 235 miles.) 

BARNBTTS, (Cincinnati 47 miles— Chicago 233 
miles.) 

EATON, (Cincinnati 53 miles — Chicago 227 miles.) 

NEW HOPE, (Cincinnati 57 miles— Chicago 223 
miles.) 

FLORENCE, (Cincinnati 60 miles— Chicago 220 
miles.) 

WESTVILLE, (Cincinnati 64 miles— Chicago 216 
miles.) 

NEAL'S, (Cincinnati 66 miles— Chicago 214 miles.) 

RICHMOND, (Cincinnati 70 miles— Chicago 210 
miles,) a small town. 

CULBERTSON, (Cincinnati 74 miles— Chicago 
206 miles.) 

CENTRE VILLE, (Cincinnati 77 miles — Chicago 
203 miles,) 

WASHINGTON, (Cincinnati SO miles— Chicago 
200 miles.) 

WALNUT LEVEE, (Cincinnati 84 miles— Chi- 
cago 196 miles.) 

HAGERSTOWN, (Cincinnati 81 miles— Chicago 
193 miles.) 

MILLVILLE, (Cincinnati 92 miles— Chi cog.. 188 
miles.) 

ASHLAND, (Cincinnati 95- miles— Chicago 1S5 
miles.) 

NEWCASTLE, (Cincinnati 98 miles— Chicago 
182 miles,) a flourishing post village, county seat of 
Indiana, on Blue River, 42 miles east by north of In- 
dianapolis, Population 1,500. 



250 hunt's gazetteer of the 

SULPHUR SPRINGS, (Cincinnati 105 miles- 
Chicago 1*75 miles.) 

HONEY CREEK, (Cincinnati 108 miles— Chi- 
cago 172 miles.) 

MIDDLETOWN, (Cincinnati 111 miles— Chicago 
J 69 mile?.) 

SLY FORK, (Cincinnati 114 miles— Chicago ICG 
miles.) 

ANDERSON, (Cincinnati 119 miles— Chicago 161 
miles,) capital of Madison Co., Indiana, 34 miles north- 
east of Indianapolis, on the left bank of White River, 
beautifully situated on a bluff, 50 feet above the river. 
Population about COO. 

CLARKE'S, (Cincinnati 125 miles— Chicago 155 
miles.) 

FRANKTON, (Cincinnati 129 miles— Chicago 
151 miles.) 

QUINCY, (Cincinnati 133 miles— Chicago 147 
miles.) 

CURTIS, (Cincinnati 137 miles— Chicago 143 miles.) 

WINDFALL, (Cincinnati 141 miles — Chicago 139 

miles.) 

NEVADA, (Cincinnati 115 miles— Chicago 135 

miles.) 

TAMPICO, (Cincinnati 119 miles— Chicago 131 
miles.) 

KOKOMO, (Cincinnati 153 miles — Chicago 121 
miles,) capital of Howard Co., Indiana. 

GALVESTON (Cincinnati 160 miles— Chicago 
120 miles.) 

LINCOLN, (Cincinnati 1C3 miles— Chicago 117 
miles.) 

WALTON (Cincinnati 106 miles— Chicago 114 
miles.) 

ANOKA. (Cincinnati 1*71 mites-— Chicago 109 miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 251 

LOGANSPORT, (Cincinnati 176 miles— Chicago 
104 miles,) capital of Cass Co., Indiana, is situated on 
the Wabash River, at the mouth of Eel River. A con- 
siderable quantity of lumber is procured m the vicinity, 
and shipped to eastern cities. Logansport contains 3, 
banks, 1 academy, 6 churches, and 2 newspaper offices. 
Population 3.800. 

GBBHARD, (Cincinnati 1S1 miles— Chicago 99 
miles.) 

ROYAL CENTER, (Cincinnati ISt miles— Chi- 
cago 93 miles.) 

ROSED ALE, (Cincinnati 192 miles— Chicago 88 
miles.) 

SCARBORO', (Cincinnati 195 miles— Chicago S5 
miles.) 

WINNAMAC, (Cincinnati 201 miles— Chicago 
79 miles.) 

RIPLEY, (Cincinnati 204 miles — Chicago 75 miles.) 

BRANDTWOOD. (Cincinnati 216 miles— Chicago 
04 miles.) 

ENGLISH LAKE, (Cincinnati 220 mile's— Chi- 
cago 60 miles.) 

LA CROSSE, (Cincinnati 225 mfles — Chicago 55 
miles.) 

MONTEBELLO, (Cincinnati 229 miles— Chicago 
51 miles.) 

TENNEY, (Cincinnati 233 miles— Chicago 47 
miles.) 

VALPARAISO, (Cincinnati 237 miles— Chicago 
43 miles.) capital of Porter Co., Indiana, on Salt Creek, 
contains a court-house, 3 churches, and 1 newspaper 
office. 

"WHEELER. (Cincinnati 244 miles— Chicago 36 
miles.) 

HOB ART, (Cincinnati 248 miles— Chicago 32 
miles.) 



252 hunt's gazetteer of the 

LIVERPOOL, (Cincinnati 251 miles— Chicago 29 
miles.) 

CLARKE, (Cincinnati 257 miles — Chicago 23 miles.) 

AINSWORTH, (Cincinnati 268 miles— Chicago 
12 miles.) 

R. I. R. R. CROSSING, (Cincinnati 273 miles- 
Chicago 7 miles.) 

CHICAGO, (Cincinnati 280 miles,) the most popu- 
lous and commercial city of Illinois, and seat of justice 
of Cook Co., is situated on the southwestern shore of 
Lake Michigan, and on both sides of Chicago River, 278 
miles west by south from Detroit. This city, the most 
remarkable in the United States, for its rapid growth, is 
built on a level plain. The adjacent country consists of 
beautiful and fertile prairies. Chicago River, and its 
north and south branches, which unite about three 
quarters of a mile from the lake, separate the city into 
three portions. The main stream, flowing directly east-' 
ward, is 75 yards wide, and 20 feet deep, and forms one 
of the best natural harbors of the lake. 

Chicago is the chief commercial emporium of the 
Northwest. It was settled in 1831. Population 100.261. 



DAYTON AND MICHIGAN RAILWAY, 



CINCINNATI, (Toledo 202 miles.) 
DAYTON, (Cincinnati 60 miles— Toledo 142 miles.) 
JOHNSON'S. (Cincinnati 67 miles— Toledo 135 

miles.) 

NATIONAL ROAD, (Cincinnati 70 miles— To- 
ledo 132 miles.) 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 253 

TIPPECANOE, (Cincinnati 74 miles— Toledo 128 
miles.) 

TROY", (Cincinnati 80 miles— Toledo 122 miles.) 

PETERSON'S, (Cincinnati 84 miles— Toledo 118 
miles.) 

PIQUA, -(Cincinnati 88 miles — Toledo 114 miles,) a 
flourishing post town of "Washington Township, Miami 
Co., Ohio, is beautifully situated on the right bank of the 
Great Miami River, 16 miles west from Columbus. The 
Miami River describes a curve at this place, leaving a 
level plateau between its margin and the town, while 
the opposite bank presents a somewhat abrupt acclivity. 
Population about 4,000. 

PONTIAC, (Cincinnati 94 miles— Toledo 108 miles.) 
SIDNEY, (Cincinnati 100 miles— Toledo 102 miles,) 
a handsome post village, capital of Shelby Co., Ohio, is 
situated in Clinton Township, on the Great Miami River, 
72 miles west by north from Columbus. The site is an 
elevated plateau, on the west bank of the river, having 
a public square in the centre. Laid out in 1819. Popu- 
lation 3,000. 

LIMA, (Cincinnati 131 miles— Toledo 92 miles,) is 
a flourishing post village of Bath Township, and capital 
of Allen Co., Ohio, on the Ottawa River, 98 miles north- 
west from Columbus. First settled in 1836. Popula- 
tion 1,500. 

COLUMBUS GROVE, (Cincinnati 144 miles 
Toledo 58 miles.) 

OTTAWA, (Cincinnati 151 miles — Toledo 5 1 nv.iea.) 
LEIPSIC, (Cincinnati 158 miles — Toledo 4-i miles.) 
MILTON, (Cincinnati 172 miles— Toledo 30 miles.) 
TONTOGENZ, (Cincinnati 182 miles— Toledo 22 
miles.) 

PERRYSBURG, (Cincinnati 193 miles— Toledo 
9 miles.) 



254 HUNTS GAZETTEER OF THE 

TOLEDO, (Cincinnati 202 miles,) a city and port 
of entry of Lucas Co., Ohio, on the left bank of the 
Maumee River, 4 miles from its mouth, 134 miles north- 
northwest from Columbus, and 66 miles southsouthwcst 
from Detroit. It is the terminus of the Wabash and 
Erie Canal, the longest in the Union, and is one of the 
most nourishing and important entrepots in the com- 
merce of the great lakes. Toledo is connected with 
Chicago on the one hand, and with Cleveland, Buffalo, 
&c, on the other by railroad. It communicates daily 
by steamboat with Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, fee. 

DETROIT, (Toledo 26? miles.) 



NOETH CENTEAL RAILWAY. 

BALTIMORE, HARRISBURG-, AND ELMIRA. 



(A Word to Travelers.) 

Persons going to Elmira. K Y. — This is the direct 
route via Harrisburg. See heavy railroad lino on map. 

Persons going to Columbus, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, 
Louisville, St. Louis, Cairo, or Chicago, procure }-our 
tickets via Harrisburg, Pittsburg, and Stcubenville. 

BALTIMORE, (Elmira 256 miles.) 85 miles from 
Barrisburg, 40 miles from Washington, and OS miles 
from Philadelphia 

Baltimore is a largo city, \ try, and seat of 

s of Baltimore Co., Maryland, li is situated on a 
small bay which extends about 2 miles and a 'half inland 
the north side of the Patapsco River, about 12 
miles from il ice apeake Bay. The city, 

by ship channel, is about 200 miles from the ocean. 
The scenery about this city is quite picturesque. The 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN -STATES. 255 

city covers a number of eminences which, though in- 
convenient for the residents, furnish a pleasant variety 
for the stranger. If the visitor ascends the Washington 
monument in the west part of the city, on a hill itself 
100 feet above tide, he has one of the finest panoramas 
furnished by any city in the Union. Immediately be- 
neath and around him are some of the most capacious 
streets, lined with residences rarely equaled in elegance, 
size and position. This city is the centre of an exten- 
sive inland and foreign trade, it being admirably situated 
for commerce. In 1860 Baltimore contained a popula- 
tion of 212,500. 

RELA1T, (Baltimore 1 miles— Elm ira 249 miles.) 

TIMONIUM, (Baltimore 12 miles— Elmira 244 
miles.) • 

COCKEYSVILLE, (Baltimore 15 miles— Elmira 
241 miles,) a post village of Baltimore Co., 40 miles 
north of Annapolis. 

MONKTON, (Baltimore 23 miles — Elmira 2?,?, 
miles,) post village. 

PARKTON, (Baltimore 29 miles — Elmira 221 
miles.) 

PREELANDS, (Baltimore 34 miles— Elmira 222 
miles.) 

GLENROCK, (Baltimore 42 miles— Elmira 214 
miles.) 

HANOVER JUNCTION, (Baltimore 46 miles— 

Elmira 210 miles,) a thriving post borough of Heidel- 
burg Township, York Co., Pa. A branch railroad ex- 
tends from this place to Gettysburg. Hanover is a 
place of active business and contains about 2,000 in- 
habitants. 

GLATFELTERS, (Baltimore 49 miles— Elmira 

2*70 miles.) 

YORK, (Baltimore 57 miles— Elmira 199 miles,) a 
wealthy post borough in York Township, York Co., 



256 hunt's gazetteer of the 

Pa., on Codorous Creek. 10 miles southwest of the Sus- 
quehanna Kiver, 28 miles south southeast of Harrisburg. 
Numerous turnpikes extending in every direction, con- 
nect this place with the principal towns of Pennsyl- 
vania and Maryland. Codorous Creek is made navigable 
from this place to its mouth, by means of dams and side 
cuts. • Population 8,605. 

CONEWAGO, (Baltimore 67 miles— Elmira 189 
miles,) situated at the foot of the mountains. 

GOLDSBOROUGH, (Baltimore. 72 miles — 
Elmira 184 miles,) to Harrisburg 13 miles, situated on 
the Susquehanna Eiver. 

HARRISBURG, (Baltimore 85 miles— Elmira 
172 miles,) see Pennsylvania Central Railroad on page 
213. Change cars here for Pittsburgh and all points 
south and west. 

MARYSVILLE, (Baltimore 91 miles— Elmira 
165 miles.) 

CLARK'S FERRY, (Baltimore 99 miles — 
Elmira 157 miles.) 

MILLERSBURG, (Baltimore 112 miles— Elmira 
144 miles,) this place is situated on the Susquehanna 
River, at the mouth of Wiconisco Creek, a post village, 
it contains three churches and several stores, and a 
railroad extends to the Bear Mountain coal mines. 

GEORGETOWN. (Baltimore 122 miles— Elmira 
134 miles.) 

TRAVORTON JUNCTION. (Baltimore 127 
miles — Elmira 129 miles.) 

SUNSBURY. (Baltimore 138 miles— Elmira 118 

miles,) is a flourishing and beautifully situated town 
capital of Northumberland County, one mile below the 
junction of the north branch of the Susquehanna River, 
It contains several churches and three newspaper offices. 
Population about 2.000. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. - 257 

"WILLI AMSPORT, (Baltimore 178 miles — 
Elmira 78 miles,) is a flourishing town, is beautifully 
situated on the left bank of the west branch of the 
Susquehanna River. "William sport is a favorite place of 
resort in summer on account of its healthy situation. 
The hills contain coal and iron ore. Population 3,100. 

COGUN VALLEY, (Baltimore 185 miles— 
Elmira 71 miles.) 

CRESCENT, (Baltimore 188 miles— Elmira 68 
miles.) 

RALSTON, (Baltimore 202 miles — Elmira 54 
miles,) post village of Lycoming Co., on Lycoming 
Creek. 

CANTON, (Baltimore 217 miles— Elmira 39 miles.) 

WEST GRANVILLE, (Baltimore 225 miles— 
Elmira 31 miles.) 

TROY, (Baltimore 230 miles— Elmira 26 miles. ) 

COLUMBI CROSS ROADS, (Baltimore 235 
miles — Elmira 21 miles.) 

ELMIRA, (Baltimore 256 miles,) capital of Che- 
mung Co., N. Y., situated near the junction of New- 
town Creek with the Chemung River. The village is 
handsomely laid out, and contains, besides the county 
buildings, 8 churches, a female college, 3 banks, 4 hotels, 
and about 150 stores and warehouses, 5 newspapers. 
Population 8,800. Settled in 1788 by John Hendry. 



258 hunt's gazetteer of the 



HOSPITALS IN ALEXANDRIA. 



Discharges. — A recent order from the Surgeon Gen- 
eral's Office saya : " It being reported that various par- 
ties have obtained money from invalid soldiers under 
the pretence of assisting them to their discharge from 
the service, notice is hereby given that certificates of 
disability for discharge to soldiers in general hospitals 
and camps are only given by the surgeon in charge of 
such hospital or camp, and the obtrusive efforts of per- 
sons claiming to be special agents retard instead of 
hasten the preparation of discharge papers. All soldiers 
are warned against giving money on such plea to any 
person whatever. 

A Record of Deaths is kept up by Captain Hartz. 
corner of 18th and G- streets, where all information con- 
cerning deceased soldiers and their place of burial may 
be obtained. The soldiers' burying ground is beyond 
7 th street toll gate, and about three miles northeast of 
the city. It now contains over 4,000 graves. 

Information, concerning patients in the hospitals, is 
furnished gratuitously by the Sanitary Commission to 
any one applying for it, in answer to any or all of the 
following inquiries. If the application is by letter, the 
answer will be sent by return mail ; if in person, it will 
be answered at once : 

1. Is [giving name and regiment,] at present 

in the hospitals of ? 

2. If so, what is his proper address ? 

3. What is the name of the surgeon of the hospital ? 

4. If not in hospital at present, has he recently been 
in hospital ? 

5. If so, did he die in hospital, and at what date ? 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 259 

6. If recently discharged from hospital, was he dis- 
charged from service ? 

?. If not, what were his orders on leaving? 

More specific information as to the condition of any 
patient in the District of Columbia hospitals will be 
furnished within twenty-four hours after a request is re- 
ceived at the "Washington office. 



MILITARY AND NAVAL ACCOUNTS. 



The Second Auditor of the Treasury receives and 
settles — First, All accounts relative to the pay of the 
army subsistence and forage of officers, and pays, sub- 
sistence and clothing of their servants. Second, All 
accounts for the contingent disbursements of the army, 
for which no specific appropriations are made by Con- 
gress. Third, All accounts relating to the purchase of 
medicines, drugs, surgical instruments, hospital stores, 
&c. ; also the claims of private physicians for medical 
services rendered such officers and soldiers who can not 
be attended by the surgeons of the army. Fourth, All 
accounts relating to the recruiting service. Fifth, All 
accounts of the Ordnance Department ; those of the 
various arsenals, and accounts appertaining to armament 
of river fortifications, and to arming and equipping the 
militia, &c. Sixth, All accounts for disbursements at the 
National armories. Seventh, All accounts relating to 
disbursements in the Indian departments. 

The Third Auditor of the Treasury audits all accounts 
for the Quartermaster's Department, such as to money 
and property, and the same as to accounts for fortifica- 
tions ; for the Military Academy ; for roads, surveys. 



260 hunt's gazetteer or tSe 

and other internal improvements : for revolutionary, 
invalid, and half-pay pensions ; pensions to widows and 
orphans; of outstanding claims, and of all unsettled 
accounts of the War Department. 

The Fourth Auditor of the Treasury receives and settles 
all accounts accruing in the Navy Department, or relat- 
ing to it. He examines the accounts, certifies the 
balances, and transmits the accounts, with the vouchers 
and certificates, to the Second Comptroller, for his deci- 
sion upon them. 

The Second Comptroller of the Treasury might be more 
correctly styled the Comptroller of the Army, the Navy, 
and the Indian disbursements. It may be here re- 
marked, that the duties of advancing money and 
accounting for it are distinct. The Secretaries of the 
Departments exercise a discretion in advancing from 
the appropriations the requisite sums to the disbursing 
officers ; but it is made the duty of the accounting offi 
cers of the Treasury, independent of the Secretaries, to 
require accounts and vouchers, showing the legal appli- 
cations of the money. In this division of duties is per- 
ceived a salutary check. The hands of the Executive 
are left unrestrained in advancing to the agents the 
necessary funds to accomplish the purposes of the Gov- 
ernment; but those agents have to account to officers 
of the Treasury, leaving the Executive no power to mis- 
apply the funds advanced. It is the duty of the Second 
Comptroller to revise and certify the accounts stated m 
in the offices of the Second, Third, and Fourth Auditors, 
and his decision is final, except redress is granted by 
Congress. 

In the office of the Second Comptroller a record is 
kept of the accounts settled, showing the balances due 
to, and from, the United States : a record is kept of all 
the requisitions for money drawn by the Secretaries of 
the War and Navy Departments ; and on its files are 
placed all the contracts involving the payment of money 
entered into by those Departments. It is also the duty 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES 261 

of the Comptroller to direct suits and stoppages on 
account of delinquencies ; to keep an account with each 
specific appropriation, and to make annual and other 
statements of the disbursements, as required by law. 
He also furnishes the forms for the accounts and vouch- 
ers, and of keeping and stating the accounts subject to 
his revision. 



PENSIONS. 



Application for Pensions must be made to "Hon. 
Joseph H. Barrett, Commissioner of Pensions, Interior 
Department, "Washington," and on their receipt they are 
numbered and acknowledged, to be acted on in their 
turn. In filing additional evidence correspondents 
should always give the number of the claim as well as 
the name of the claimant. 

The Act of Congress approved July 14, 1862, (ch. 166,) 
grants pensions to the following classes of persons : 

I. To any officer, non-commissioned officer, or private 
of the Army, including regulars, volunteers, or militia, 
and any person in the Navy or Marine Corps, who has 
been, since March 4, 1861, or shall thereafter be dis- 
abled by reason of any wound received, or disease con- 
tracted while in the service of the United States, and in 
the line of duty. 

II. To the following relatives of any person, in class I., 
who has died since March 4th, 1861, or shall hereafter 
die by reason of any wound received, or disease con- 
tracted while in the service of the United States, and in 
the line of duty, and in the order *following, provided 
that no relative in any class shall receive a pension if 
there be any rightful claimant of any preceding class : 



262 hunt's gazetteer of the 

(a) His widow ; (b) his child or children, under sixteen 
years of age ; (c) his mother provided she were depend- 
ent upon him for support, either in whole or in part ; 
(d) his orphan sister or sisters, under sixteen years of 
age, if dependent upon him. 

In no case is any person entitled to more than one 
pension at the same time, under the provisions of the 
act, and in the order of precedence as set forth above. 
"When more than one minor child or orphan sister thus 
becomes entitled to pension, the same must be divided 
equally between them. 

Invalid pensions under this law, will commence from 
the date of the pensioner's discharge from service, pro- 
vided application is made within one year thereafter. 
If the claim is not made until a later date, the pension 
will commence from the time of the application. Pen- 
sions of widows and minors will commence from the 
death of the officer, soldier, or seaman, on whose service 
the claim is based. 

To entitle any person to the benefits of this Act, proof 
of all the facts must be made "according to such forms 
and regulations as are or may be provided by or in pur- 
suance of law," and it must be shown that the appli- 
cants have not in any manner aided or abetted the 
rebellion against the United States. 

Attorneys for claimants must have proper ' authority 
from those in whose behalf they appear. Powers of 
attorney must be signed in the presence of two wit- 
nesses, and acknowledged before a duly qualified officer, 
whose official character must be certified under seal. 

In all cases the post office address of the claimant 
must be distinctly stated. 



BORDER AND SOUTHERN STATES. 263 



BOUNTIES. 



The Act of Congress, approved July 22, 1861, (ch. 9,) 
provides that every volunteer non-commissioned officer, 
private, musician, and artificer, accepted into the service 
of the United States, for a period not less than six 
months, when honorably discharged, shall receive the 
sum of one hundred dollars, " if he shall have served for 
a period of two years, or during the war, if sooner 
ended." ^ 

The Act of July 29th, 1861, (ch. 24,) extends the 
benefits of the preceding Act to men enlisted in the 
regular forces after the 1st day of July, 1861. 

The Act of July 11th, 1862, (ch. 144,) appropriating 
money to pay the bounty to widows, etc., of such volun- 
teers as may have died or been killed in service, pro- 
vides, "that said bounty shall be paid to the following 
persons, and in the order following, and to no other 
person, to wit : First — To the widow of such deceased 
soldier, if there be one. Second — If there be no widow 
■then to the children of such deceased soldier, share and 
share alike. Third — If such soldier left neither widow 
nor child, nor children, then, and in that case, such 
bounty shall be paid to the following persons, provided 
they be residents of the United States, to wit ; First — 
To his father, or if he shall not be living, or has aban- 
doned the support of his family, then to the mother of 
such soldier : and it there be neither father or mother, 
as aforesaid, then such bounty shall be paid to the 
brothers and sisters of the deceased soldier, resident as 
aforesaid." 

Section 3 of same Act, grants the bounty to the 
widows and heirs of those persons who have enlisted in 
the regular forces since July 1, 1861, or shall enlist 
during 1862. 



264 hunt's gazetteer. 

Section 6, chapter 133, of Acts of 1862, approved 
July 5, 1862, allows twenty-five dollars of the bounty 
of one hundred dollars to be paid immediately after 
enlistment to every regular or volunteer soldier enlisted 
thereafter during the present war. 

In all cases in which advance bounty has been paid 
under the provisions of this section, in case of the death 
of the soldier, the widow, etc., will be entitled to the 
balance only. 



CLAIM AGENTS' FEES. 



By the Act of Congress, approved July 14th, 1862, it 
is provided that the fee3 of agents and attorneys for 
making out and causing to be executed the papers ne- 
cessary to establish a claim for a pension, bounty, and 
other allowance before the Pension Office, shall not 
exceed the following rates : For making out and causing 
to be duly executed a declaration by the applicant, with 
the necessary affidavits, and forwarding the same to the 
Pension Office, with the requisite correspondence, five 
dollars. In cases wherein additional testimony is 
required by the Commissioner of Pensions, for each 
affidavit so required, and executed and forwarded, (ex- 
cept the affidavits of surgeons, for which such agents 
and attorneys shall not bo entitled to any fees,) one 
dollar and fifty cents. 

It is also provided that any agent or attorney who 
shall demand or receive any greater compensation shall 
be fined not exceeding three hundred dollars, or im- 
prisoned at hard labor not exceeding two years, or both, 
according to the circumstances and aggravations of the 
offence. . , 



BUY YOUR CLOTHING 

AT THE 

GREAT CLOTHING STORE 



OP 



SPOULE & MANDEVILLE, 

CORNER OF MAIN & FOURTH STS., 

(UNDER THE NATIONAL HOTEL,) 

LOUISVILLE, KY. 



Also, Sutlers' Supplies and Military Clothing. 

I LEOPOLD & CO., 

329 MAIN STREET, 

(SOXTTH SIDE, NEXT TO THE NATIONAL HOTEL, BET. 3D & 4TH.) 

LOUISVILLE, KY., 

Importers, Manufacturers, and Wholesale Dealers 

IN 

Cigars; Virginia, Missouri, & Kentucky To- 
bacco ; Fine Cut, in bulk and foil ; Kilick- 
inick, Turkish, and other Smoking To- 
bacco; Meerschaum, Briar, India 
Rubber & other Pipes ; Pouch- 
es ; and every thing in the 
Tobacco Line. 
ONLY AT WHOLESALE. 
Constantly on hand the following Brands of Cigars : 
Belle op Kentucky, Tip-Top, Henry Clay, Punch, 
My Cousin, Washington, Espanoles, Jockey Club, 
cubanas, juli mldad, volunteers, gareia, bouquet, 
Tycoon, Brittannicas. 

AM orders promptly filled. 



dlfia State military %%mm< 



The Governor of Ohio has established the fohowing 
Agencies for the benefit of Ohio soldiers in the service 
of the United States : — 

Columbus, Jas. E. Lewis, Ag't, State House. 

Washington, D.C.. J. C. Wetmore, " 344 Penn. A v. 

New York City. .B. P. Baker, " 62 Front Street. 

Cincinnati, A. B. Lyman, " 3d St., near Main. 

Louisville, Ky.. .Royal Taylor, " 

f Opp. to Barracks 
Nashville, Tenn..R. ». Cox, H\ ^ 4 Cherry . stt 

Memphis, " F.W.Bingham," 
Keokuk, Iowa. . .J. C. Todd, " ■ 

Cair0 > III \ Weston Flint, " ' 

St. Louis, Mo . . > 

Their duties are to minister to sick and wounded Ohio 
soldiers in hospital, or elsewhere in their neighborhood ; 
to aid them in the adjustment and collection of their ac- 
counts and claims against the Government, and to fur- 
nish them transportation to their homes upon their dis- 
charge or furlough. 

All Ohio soldiers in need of assistance which the 
Federa Government does not make provision for, or 
who can not reach Government officers directly, will, by 
applying to any one of these agents, be promptly and 
kindly assisted, free of charge. 

GEO. B. WRIGHT, Brig.-Gen., 

And Quartermaster- General of Ohio. 
266 



THOS. C. MacDOWELL, THOS. A. MAKUIBE, 

Late Lt. Col. 84th Reg. P. V. Harrisburg, Pa. 

MaeDOWELL «& MAOU1RE, 
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, 

WJUTAftY CUM A0BNTS t 

GIVE PROMPT ATTENTION TO 

ALL BUSINESS ENTRUSTED TO THEIR CARE, 

At WASHItfGTOtf CITY, B. C. 
Or, at HARRISBURG, Penn'a. 

COLLECTIONS OP 

Claims Against the Government, 

QUARTER-MASTERS' ACCOUNTS, 

Pay for Horses and Other Property Lost 
While in Service, 

OFFCERS AM SOLDIERS' BACK PAY. 

Bounties and Pensions Collected, 

We have a Connection at Washington, D. G. 
and an Office at Harrisburg, Pa. 

Office in 3d Street, Harrisburg, Pa. 



—.♦►•-* 



REFERENCES. 

Governor A. G. CURTIN, Pennsylvania. 
Adjt. General A. L. RUSSELL, " 

Sec'y of State ELI SLIFER, " 

267 



mmm cum tamm* 

The oldest established in the interior of the State 
of Pennsylvania. 

EUGENE SNYDER, 

Attorney & Counselor at Law, 

Office on Third Street, next to corner of Market, 

HABKISBUKG, PA. 

WILL PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO 

LAW AND MILITARY BUSINESS 

GENERALLY. 

jfl®* Pennsylvania Soldiers will find it to their ad- 
vantage to intrust him with any professional business 
they may desire to have attended to, at Harrisburg, 
Penn'a. 

fgg?* Particular attention given to Officers' Kecruit- 
ing and Subsistence claims. 

figg?* Every Officer in Pennsylvania Volunteer Ser- 
vice, who has recruited men under authority, and 
been commissioned, is entitled to pay from the State, 
from the date of such authority to the date of their 
muster into the United States Service. 

fi^* Back Pay, Bounties, Pensions in Army or 
Navy, applied for, and promptly collected. 

#$~ MILITAKT CLAIMS BOUGHT.^ 
268 



SOUTHERN AND BORDER STATES. 269 

BEZDsTO-. !F. BLOOD, 

(Late Captain in TJ. S. Army.) 

ATTORNEY AT LAW, 

COMMISSIONER 
For the Several States and Territories, 

( Appointed and commissioned by the Governors thereof,) 

To take Depositions, Acknowledgments of Deeds, &c. 

to be used or recorded therein. 

Military Claims of all kinds collected. Pensions, 

Bounties and Back- Pay obtained, &c. 

Office, No. 89 Grant Street, Pittsburgh, Penn'a. 



LIST OF VALUABLE 
School «fc Miscellaneous Books, 

PUBLISHED BY CHARLES De SILVER, 

1229 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 

And 

JOHN P. HUNT, 

Masonic Hall, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Ewell's Medical Companion, or Family Physi- 
cian. Colered Plates and Engravings. Also, 
The Nurse's Guide, 1 vol. 8vo $4.00 

Frost's Pictorial History of Mexico and the 

Mexican War, 1 vol. 8vo. embossed gilt bind. 4.00 

Frost's Pictorial World, 1 vol. royal 8vo., imita- 
tion Turkey morocco, 6.00 

Watson's History of the United States, from the 
Discovery of America to the present time, il- 
lustrated with 1,000 Engravings, in one large 
oc. vol. 1,000 pages. 1 vol. roy. oc. gilt bind.]j '4.50 

[ See next page.] 



270 hunt's gazeteer op the 

The Religious Denominations in the United 
States, their Past History, Present Condition 
and Doctrines, with numerous Portrait Illus- 
trations, 1 vol. royal octavo, library, $4.50 

Dr. Adam Clark's Commentaries on the New 
Testament, 1 vol. 8vo. super royal, sheep,.... 8.75 

Barnes' Family Prayers, muslin, gilt, 1.50 

Frost's History of the United States, for the 
use of Schools and Academies, illustrated 
with 40 engravings, 12mo. half roan, 1.12 

Frost's History of the United States, for the use 
of Common Schools, condensed from the Au- 
thor's large History of the United States, 18 
mo. half roan, " 62 

Lord's History of the United States. A new 
History, for the use of Schools, by John 
Lord, A. M., author of a Modern History 
from the time of Luther to the fall of Napo- 
leon, 12 mo. half morocco, 1.25 

Lord's Modern History, from the time of Lu- 
ther to the fall of Napoleon, for the use of 
Schools and Colleges, by John Lord, A. M. 
author of a new History of the United States, 
8vo. half morocco, 1.75 

Pinnock's England, corrected and revised from 
the 35th English edition, by W. C. Taylor, 
L.L. D., of Trinity College, Dublin, author of 
a Manual of Ancient and Modern History, &c. 
lvol. 12mo. half roan, 1.12 

Pinnock's Rome. Twenty-fifth American from 
the 23d London edition, improved by W. C. 
Taylor, L.L. D., with numerous Engravings, 
by Atherton, and others, 1 vol. 12mo. half 
roan, 1.12 

Pinnock's Greece. Twenty-fifth American from 
the nineteenth London edition, improved by 
"W. C. Taylor, L.L. D., with numerous Engra- 
vings, by Atherton, and others, 1 vol. 12nio. 
half roan, 1.12 



SOUTHERN AND BOEDER STATES. 271 

Pinnock'a France. Tenth American from the 

third English Edition, 1 vol. 12mo. half roan, $1.12 

Guy's Astronomy, and Kieth on the Globes, 
half roan, 1.00 

Johnston's Natural Philosophy, new edition, 

half Turkey, 1.25 

Johnston's Primary Natural Philosophy, 1 vol. 

copiously illustrated, half roan, 60 

Johnston's Turner's Chemistry, new Edition, 

half Turkey, 1.75 

Johnston's Turner's Elements of Chemistry, 

new edition, half morocco, 1.25 

Manesca's French Grammar ; or, the Serial and 
Oral Method of Teaching Languages ; adap- 
ted to the French ; half Turkey, 1.25 

Manesca's French Reader, with a Table of the 

French Verbs; half Turkey, 1 25 

Virgil ; Interlinear Translation by Hart and Os- 
borne, 1 vol. royal 12mo, half Turkey, 1.75 

Caesar ; Interlinear Translation by Hamilton and 
Clark ; 1 vol. royal 12mo, half Turkey, 1.75 

Horace ; Interlinear Translation by Stirling, 
Nutall and Clark ; 1 vol. royal 12mo, half 
Turkey, 1.25 

Cicero; Interlinear Translation by Hamilton 

and Clark; 1 vol. royal 12mo. half Turkey,.. 1.75 

Sallust ; Interlinear Translation by Hamilton 

and Clark ; 1 vol. royal 12mo. half Turkey, ... 1.75 

Xenophon's Anabasis ; Interlinear Translation 
by Hamilton and Clark ; 1 vol. royal 12mo. 
half Turkey, 2.75 

Ovid ; Interlinear Translation by Hamilton and 

Clark; 1 vol. royal 12mo, 1.75 

Homer's Iliad; Interlinear Translation by Ham- 
ilton and Clark; 1 vol. royal 12mo 2.75 

Clark's Practical and Progressive Latin Gram- 
mar, adapted to the Interlinear Series of 
Classics, and all ether systems ; 1 vol. royal 
12mo. half Turkey, 1.25 

[See next pa^e.] 



272 hunt's gazeteek. 

Gospel of St. John ; Greek Interlinear ; 1 vol. 
royal 12mo..... $2.75 

Sargent's Selections in Poetry, for exercises at 
School and at Home, edited by Epes Sargent, 
with illustrations by Billings and others, 1 
vol. 12mo., half morocco, 1.25 

Frost's American Speaker, 12mo. half roan,.... 1.12 

Flowers of Elocution ; a Class Book ; by Mrs. 

Caroline Lee Hentz; 1 vol. 12mo. half moroc. 1.12 

Gilham's Manual for Volunteers and Militia, by 
Major William Gilham, U. S. A., of Indiana, 
743 pages, 200 illustrations, comprising an 
Introduction, containing a Glossary of the 
Terms in use among Military Men, 1 vol. 
royal 12mo., 2.50 

Instructions and Regulations for the Militia and 
Volunteers of the United States, 1 vol. 12mo. 
neat cloth, gilt, 1.25 

Manual for Non-Commissioned officers of the 
Infantry and Riflemen of the U. S. Army : 
by Captain Alfred Sully, U. S. A.: morocco, 
flexible gilt sides, 50 

Parley's Juveniles, 13 vols, cloth, gilt backs, 
incase, 5.00 

Standard Letter Writer, 1 vol. 18mo. fancy bds. 40 

Standard Hand- Book of Household Economy 
for the People ; comprising Plain Directions 
for the Management of a Family, Servants, 
Lying-in-Room, Nursery, Sick-Room, Flower 
Garden, Kitchen-Garden, and Household Pets, 
and also for the Preparation and Administra- 
tion of Remedies for Disease. In 1 vol. 
royal 18mo., bound in fancy boards, 40 

C. D. also publishes Mitchell's Celebrated Pocket 
Map of the different States, and of the United States, 
with Census Tables, Railroads, &c. 

Full Lists furnished, on application to publisher. 

LBJf?9 



LIBRARY 



ONGR& sS 




